1. The document outlines 8 principles for assessing student learning: clarity of learning objectives, appropriateness of assessment, validity, reliability, fairness, positive consequences, practicality and efficiency, and ethics. 2. It describes different types of assessments including objective tests, subjective tests, performance tests, oral reasoning, observation, and self-reports. 3. Validity is discussed in terms of face validity, content validity, construct validity, predictive validity, concurrent validity, and criterion-related validity. Reliability focuses on test stability, equivalence, and internal consistency.