This document discusses assessment and test construction. It explains that assessment determines if educational goals are being met and helps teachers evaluate what is being taught and learned. It also discusses summative assessment, the grading system, and common student observations about tests. Key principles of test construction are outlined, including validity, reliability, discrimination, and comprehensiveness. The document emphasizes the importance of the Table of Specification in guiding test construction and providing a test map that describes topic coverage and cognitive levels.

1. ST. TERESA SCHOOL OF HILONGOS
TABLE OF
SPECIFICATION
Preparing
and
ASSESSMENT
August 19, 2016

2. Assessment
- is an integral part of instruction, as it
determines whether or not the goals of
education are being met. It inspire us to ask
these hard questions: "Are we teaching what
we think we are teaching?" "Are students
learning what they are supposed to be
learning?"

3. Assessment FOR Learning ?
Assessment OF Learning?

4. Summative Assessment
Evaluation administered at the conclusion of a
unit of instruction to comprehensively assess
student learning and the effectiveness of an
instructional method or program

5. Summative Assessment
K-12 Program – Grading System
Components Language AP Values Science Math MAPEH TLE
Written Works
40% 20%
Performance
Tasks 40% 60%
Quarterly
Assessment 20% 20%

6. ASSESSMENT

7. 13% of students who got low grades in exams are caused
by faulty test questions.
-WORLDWATCH, The Philadelphia Trumpet (August 2005)

8. Common observations of students on
the T.Q.’s
Hindi kasama sa lessons.
Masyadong mahaba ang question at mga
pagpipilian.
Hindi maayos ang layout ng test, putol-putol ang
mga sentence.
Nakakalito ang mga tanong. Minsan wala sa
pagpipiliaan ang sagot.

9. Possible reasons for faulty T.Q.’s
Questions are copied verbatim from the
book or other resources.
Not consulting the course outline.
Much consideration is given to reduce
printing cost.
No TOS or TOS was made after making the
test.

10. Factors to consider in preparing tests/
T.Q’s.
Purpose of the Test
Time available to prepare, administer and
score the test.
Number of students to be tested
Skills of the teacher in writing the test
Facilities available in reproducing the test

11. Principles of Test Construction
1. Validity
- Does the test measures what it
supposed to measure?
2. Reliability
- is the test consistent?
3. Objectivity
- is the test fair?

12. Principles of Test Construction
4. Discrimination
-does the test discriminate the skills
of the students?
5. Comprehensiveness
-does the test measure all of the
content studied?

13. Principles of Test Construction
6. Ease of Administration
-Are there any difficulties in administering
the test?
7. Practicality & Scoring
- is the test easy to mark?
8. Usability
- does the test provide clear instructions?

14. TABLE OF SPECIFICATION
(TOS)
- Test map that guides teacher in constructing a
test.
- two-way chart which describes the topics to be
covered by a test and the number of items or
points which will be associated with each topic.

15. TABLE OF SPECIFICATION
(TOS)
Composition:
1. Cognitive Levels
2. Topic/Objective
3. Item Number/s
4. No. of Items
5. Percentage

16. Cognitive Levels
a. Knowledge ( Remembering)
- includes those objectives that
deal with recall, recognize facts,
terminology, etc.
Example: Sino ang kauna- unahang
Bayani ng Pilipinas na nakipaglaban sa
mga Kastila?

17. Cognitive Levels
b. Comprehension ( Understanding)
- It requires the learners to see the
connection among parts of a communication
(interpretation) or draw a conclusion
(inference).
Example: Bakit sa tabing – dagat

18. Cognitive Levels
c. Application( Applying)
- It requires the learners to use previously
acquired information in a setting other than the one
in which it was learned.
Example: Alin sa mga sumusunod ang
pamumuhay noong panahon ng Martial Law?

19. Cognitive Levels
d. Analysis ( Analysing )
-It requires the pupils to identify the logical
errors (point out the prediction or erroneous
inference), differentiate among facts,
opinions, assumptions, hypothesis or
conclusions, draw relationships among ideas
or to compare and contrast.

20. Example:
Alin sa mga sumusunod ang dapat
ginawa ng mga Pilipino upang makamit ang
inaasam na kalayaan laban sa mga Kastila?

21. Cognitive Levels
e. Synthesis ( Creating )
- requires the pupils to [produce
something unique or original. Test
questions at this level require the pupils to
solve unfamiliar problems or combine
parts to form a unique or novel whole.

22. Example:
Bilang mag-aaral, paano ka makakatulong
sa pagpapanatili ng kalinisan n gating
kapaligiran?

23. Cognitive Levels
f. Evaluation ( Evaluating)
- the learners are required to form judgments
about the value of methods, ideas, people or
products that have a specific purpose.
Example:
Alin sa mga sumusunod ang higit na mabisang
paraan ng pagsugpo sa ipinagbabawal na gamot?

24. Topic/Objectives % Cognitive Levels
Total
Item
K C Ap An Sy E
1. Natutukoy ang mga kaganapan ng pandiwa/ng
ginamit sa pangungusap
10 6-10 5
2. Nakakasulat ng Sanaysay gamit ang/mga pandiwa
(na may wastong gamit sa mga kaganapan nito)tungkol
sa naging bakasyon “semestral break”.
20 21-
25
26-
30
10
3. Natatalakay ang kabayanihang ipinamalas ng
pangunahing tauhan sa epikong nabasa na
“Indarapatra at Sulayman.”
10 31-
35
5
4. Nagagamit ang Ako, Ikaw, Siya sa pangungusap 10 1-5 5
5. Nasusuri ang mga kulturang Mindanaoan na nanatiling
sumasalamin sa pagkapilipino.
30 36-
50
15
6. Napagsunod- sunod ang mga pangyayaring naganap
batay sa kwento.
20 11-
20
10
Total Item (Level) 100
%
10 5 5 10 5 15
50

25. General Rules in Writing Test Questions
 Number test questions continuously.
 Keep your test question in each test group
uniform.
 Make your layout presentable.
 Do not put too many item nos. in one test group.

26. Points to Ponder….
A good lesson makes a good question
A good question makes a good content
A good content makes a good test
A good test makes a good grade
A good grade makes a good student
A good student makes a good COMMUNITY
Jesus Ochave Ph.D.
VP Research Planning & Development
Philippine Normal University

27. References:
http://www.slideshare.net/roxet02/preparing-a-
tos?qid=a8614aa2-a58d-4f33-8bb9-
1f96b32bda68&v=&b=&from_search=6
http://www.slideshare.net/sirarnelPHhistory/table-of-
specifications-tos-and-test-construction-
review?qid=41d0dfad-3430-4213-8f5d-
e56304989b8f&v=&b=&from_search=3
http://www.slideshare.net/daenice/preparing-the-table-
of-specification?qid=405b0d97-3179-4c99-97ef-
2c21aaa8d430&v=&b=&from_search=1