Godavari is the second largest river in India. It originates from Triambakeswar, Nashik, Maharashtra and finally discharges into the Bay of Bengal near Narasapuram in West Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh. The study covers about 24 km of river starting from Gangapur dam to Dasak village. Fifteen locations were selected for collection of water samples from the river and water samples were analysed for water quality parameters. It was observed that untreated or partially treated sewage alongwith industrial wastewater is entering into the river at twelve prominent locations in the study stretch. This data was used to compute the value of National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index(NSFWQI), mostly applicable in USA and India. The results of NSFWQI of Godavari river indicates that its water quality as ‘Good’ (70-90) from Gangapur dam to Someshwar, ‘Bad’ (25-50) from Aanadwalli bridge to Samtanagar and ‘Very bad’ (0-25) at Agartakli STP downstream.
Water Management in Rural Areas in a Changing ClimateCIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation by Prof. Edward Pierzgalski from the Warsaw University of Life Sciences focuses on the main issues of water management in rural areas, climate change versus water resources, water management in agriculture versus climate change and what we should do.
STUDY AND EVALUATION OF WATER QUALITY OF RIVER GANGA AT DIFFERENT GHATS OF VA...Ugrasen Gulshan
OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
1)To analysis the physico-chemical parameters of water of River Ganga in Varanasi city at different Ghats.
2)To study the change of physico-chemical properties of water with time.
Presented by IWMI's Chris Dickens at the session on 'Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals' at the 22nd International River Symposium, October 21, 2019, Brisbane, Australia.
Water Management in Rural Areas in a Changing ClimateCIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation by Prof. Edward Pierzgalski from the Warsaw University of Life Sciences focuses on the main issues of water management in rural areas, climate change versus water resources, water management in agriculture versus climate change and what we should do.
STUDY AND EVALUATION OF WATER QUALITY OF RIVER GANGA AT DIFFERENT GHATS OF VA...Ugrasen Gulshan
OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
1)To analysis the physico-chemical parameters of water of River Ganga in Varanasi city at different Ghats.
2)To study the change of physico-chemical properties of water with time.
Presented by IWMI's Chris Dickens at the session on 'Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals' at the 22nd International River Symposium, October 21, 2019, Brisbane, Australia.
This presentation talks about global scenario and in particular to Indian industries which is one of the water scarce countries, solutions and recommendations
Atal Bhujal Yojana is a groundwater management scheme launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on the 95th birth anniversary of former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee, on 25 December 2019. The purpose of the scheme is to improve groundwater management in seven states of India.
Community Based Biodiversity Conservation- Tree Planting on Deduru Oya Left BankPabasara Gunawardane
Community based biodiversity conservation is a specific branch of conservation. Regulating bodies get together with the community based organizations and perform the projects. Mainly Department of wildlife conservation, Department of forest conservation and several non-governmental organizations conduct these programs.
Deduru Oya development project is the largest irrigation project carried out in the north western province of Sri Lanka. In this project, Deduru oya environmental conservation and soil erosion prevention project was a community based tree re-planting program on the left bank of the canal. The project was organized and performed by wildlife and nature protection society (WLNPS) of Sri Lanka. Department of irrigation, School children, resident villagers and divisional secretaries were the target social groups of this project.
The project was designed and planned for 3 years. (2011- 2013) Required financial support was provided by WLNPS and the work force was provided by the school children and the irrigation department. Due to heavy drought condition which affect the plant nursery and some activities of the department of irrigations caused severe damage to the success of the project.
Lack of coordination among the participatory groups, negligence of the government institutes, lack of the experiences of the project coordinators were some of the reason s for the failure of the project.
Recruiting project coordinators with science background, having enough data on the climate and the demography of the area, Emphasizing the importance of the objectives to general public and providing more benefits to the participating communities can be indicated as recommendations for the success of these kind of community based multi stake holder projects.
This presentation was given as part of the EPA-funded Catchment Science and Management Course focusing on Integrated Catchment Management, held in June 2015. This course was delivered by RPS Consultants. If you have any queries or comments, or wish to use the material in this presentation, please contact catchments@epa.ie
It is increasingly being recognised internationally that integrated catchment management (ICM) is a useful organising framework for tackling the ongoing challenge of balancing sustainable use and development of our natural resource, against achieving environmental goals. The basic principles of ICM (Williams, 2012) are to:
• Take a holistic and integrated approach to the management of land, biodiversity, water and community resources at the water catchment scale;
• Involve communities in planning and managing their landscapes; and
• Find a balance between resource use and resource conservation
ICM is now well established in Australia, New Zealand, and the United States. In Europe the ICM approach has been proposed as being required to achieve effective water and catchment management, and is the approach being promoted by DEFRA for the UK, where it is called the “Catchment Based Approach” (CaBA). The principles and methodologies behind ICM sit well within the context of the Water Framework Directive with its aims and objectives for good water quality, sustainable development and public participation in water resource management. In Ireland it is proposed that the ICM approach will underlie the work and philosophy in developing and implementing future River Basin Management Plans.
Natural calamities and diseases of sundarbans mangrove forestihn FreeStyle Corp.
Bangladesh with an area of 147,570 square km is bordered by India to the northeast and west, Myanmar to the southeast, and the Bay of Bengal to the south. Bangladesh is one of the most densely populated countries in the world and its population is still growing by over 2 million people per year. The Sundarbans mangrove forest has a history of scientific management since 1879. The Sundarbans are the world's largest halophytic mangrove forests and one of the most biologically productive of all natural ecosystems. The forest is an essential buffer for inland areas against the ravages of frequent cyclones from the Bay of Bengal. For outstanding natural value, the World Heritage committee of UNESCO inscribed the Sundarban of Bangladesh in the 798th World Heritage list in 1997 and accordingly the Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh declared the Sundarban as World Heritage Site in 1999. The Sundarbans is the largest remaining habitat in the world for the Royal-Bengal Tiger. According to Ramsar convention, the wetland of Sundarban area in very complex and it is recognized as one of the most organic productive area in the world. The livelihood survival of the Sundarban community is linked with the forest resources of the Sundarbans, aquatic resources of the saline and fresh water wetlands.
This presentation talks about global scenario and in particular to Indian industries which is one of the water scarce countries, solutions and recommendations
Atal Bhujal Yojana is a groundwater management scheme launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on the 95th birth anniversary of former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee, on 25 December 2019. The purpose of the scheme is to improve groundwater management in seven states of India.
Community Based Biodiversity Conservation- Tree Planting on Deduru Oya Left BankPabasara Gunawardane
Community based biodiversity conservation is a specific branch of conservation. Regulating bodies get together with the community based organizations and perform the projects. Mainly Department of wildlife conservation, Department of forest conservation and several non-governmental organizations conduct these programs.
Deduru Oya development project is the largest irrigation project carried out in the north western province of Sri Lanka. In this project, Deduru oya environmental conservation and soil erosion prevention project was a community based tree re-planting program on the left bank of the canal. The project was organized and performed by wildlife and nature protection society (WLNPS) of Sri Lanka. Department of irrigation, School children, resident villagers and divisional secretaries were the target social groups of this project.
The project was designed and planned for 3 years. (2011- 2013) Required financial support was provided by WLNPS and the work force was provided by the school children and the irrigation department. Due to heavy drought condition which affect the plant nursery and some activities of the department of irrigations caused severe damage to the success of the project.
Lack of coordination among the participatory groups, negligence of the government institutes, lack of the experiences of the project coordinators were some of the reason s for the failure of the project.
Recruiting project coordinators with science background, having enough data on the climate and the demography of the area, Emphasizing the importance of the objectives to general public and providing more benefits to the participating communities can be indicated as recommendations for the success of these kind of community based multi stake holder projects.
This presentation was given as part of the EPA-funded Catchment Science and Management Course focusing on Integrated Catchment Management, held in June 2015. This course was delivered by RPS Consultants. If you have any queries or comments, or wish to use the material in this presentation, please contact catchments@epa.ie
It is increasingly being recognised internationally that integrated catchment management (ICM) is a useful organising framework for tackling the ongoing challenge of balancing sustainable use and development of our natural resource, against achieving environmental goals. The basic principles of ICM (Williams, 2012) are to:
• Take a holistic and integrated approach to the management of land, biodiversity, water and community resources at the water catchment scale;
• Involve communities in planning and managing their landscapes; and
• Find a balance between resource use and resource conservation
ICM is now well established in Australia, New Zealand, and the United States. In Europe the ICM approach has been proposed as being required to achieve effective water and catchment management, and is the approach being promoted by DEFRA for the UK, where it is called the “Catchment Based Approach” (CaBA). The principles and methodologies behind ICM sit well within the context of the Water Framework Directive with its aims and objectives for good water quality, sustainable development and public participation in water resource management. In Ireland it is proposed that the ICM approach will underlie the work and philosophy in developing and implementing future River Basin Management Plans.
Natural calamities and diseases of sundarbans mangrove forestihn FreeStyle Corp.
Bangladesh with an area of 147,570 square km is bordered by India to the northeast and west, Myanmar to the southeast, and the Bay of Bengal to the south. Bangladesh is one of the most densely populated countries in the world and its population is still growing by over 2 million people per year. The Sundarbans mangrove forest has a history of scientific management since 1879. The Sundarbans are the world's largest halophytic mangrove forests and one of the most biologically productive of all natural ecosystems. The forest is an essential buffer for inland areas against the ravages of frequent cyclones from the Bay of Bengal. For outstanding natural value, the World Heritage committee of UNESCO inscribed the Sundarban of Bangladesh in the 798th World Heritage list in 1997 and accordingly the Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh declared the Sundarban as World Heritage Site in 1999. The Sundarbans is the largest remaining habitat in the world for the Royal-Bengal Tiger. According to Ramsar convention, the wetland of Sundarban area in very complex and it is recognized as one of the most organic productive area in the world. The livelihood survival of the Sundarban community is linked with the forest resources of the Sundarbans, aquatic resources of the saline and fresh water wetlands.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Water Quality Index for Assessment of Rudrasagar Lake Ecosystem, IndiaIJERA Editor
Water quality of lakes, rivers and reservoirs in developing countries like India is being degraded
because of the contaminated inflows and surrounding influence. There is a serious need for appropriate water
quality monitoring for future planning and management of Lake and other type of water resources. Quality of
water in Rudrasagar Lake, Tripura, India has been investigated in this paper. Water Quality Index (WQI) was
applied in Rudrasagar Lake India using water quality parameters like pH, Turbidity, Conductivity, Hardness,
Alkalinity, Dissolved Oxygen, Biochemical Oxygen Demand and Nitrate. Based on the importance of the
parameter for aquatic life the relative weight is assigned to each water quality parameter ranged from 1 to 4.
Tests were performed on site using electronic measuring device as well as on Laboratory with samples of water
collected from different locations of Rudrasagar Lake. It shows that water quality of Rudrasagar Lake falls
within the ‗good water‘ category but marginally. Continuous monitoring of Rudrasagar lake is suggested for
proper management.
Water Quality Index for Assessment of Rudrasagar Lake Ecosystem, IndiaIJERA Editor
Water quality of lakes, rivers and reservoirs in developing countries like India is being degraded
because of the contaminated inflows and surrounding influence. There is a serious need for appropriate water
quality monitoring for future planning and management of Lake and other type of water resources. Quality of
water in Rudrasagar Lake, Tripura, India has been investigated in this paper. Water Quality Index (WQI) was
applied in Rudrasagar Lake India using water quality parameters like pH, Turbidity, Conductivity, Hardness,
Alkalinity, Dissolved Oxygen, Biochemical Oxygen Demand and Nitrate. Based on the importance of the
parameter for aquatic life the relative weight is assigned to each water quality parameter ranged from 1 to 4.
Tests were performed on site using electronic measuring device as well as on Laboratory with samples of water
collected from different locations of Rudrasagar Lake. It shows that water quality of Rudrasagar Lake falls
within the ‗good water‘ category but marginally. Continuous monitoring of Rudrasagar lake is suggested for
proper management.
A Study on Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Borewell Water In Sugar Town, ...IJERA Editor
Groundwater is a natural resource for drinking water .In addition to the population growth, urbanization and industrialization also extend the demand of water. Providing safe drinking water supply to the ever growing urban and sub-urban population is going to be a challenge to the civil authorities, city planners, policy makers and environmentalists. Groundwater is a major source of drinking water in both urban and rural areas of Mandya. Mandya city is rapidly raising population, changing lifestyle and intense competition among users- agriculture, industry and domestic sectors is driving the groundwater table lower. Besides, discharge of untreated wastewater through bores and leachate from unscientific disposal of solid wastes also contaminate groundwater, thereby reducing quality of fresh water resources.
The present work is aimed at assessing the water quality index for the ground water samples of Sugar town, Mandya city. The groundwater samples of about 40 samples were collected and subjected for a comprehensive physicochemical analysis. The purposes of this investigation are to provide an overview of present ground water quality for the following 12 parameters such as pH, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, chloride, nitrate, sulphate, total dissolved solids, iron, fluoride, alkalinity are to be considered for calculating the WQI. The results are analyzed by WQI method for predicting water quality. Water Quality Index (WQI) is a very useful and effective way for assessing the quality of water. WQI is a very useful tool for communicating the information on overall quality of water.
An Assesment of Groundwater Quality Index in Bommasandra Area,Bengaluru city,...IJERA Editor
Groundwater is a natural resource for drinking water .In addition to the population growth, urbanization and
industrialization also extend the demand of water. Providing safe drinking water supply to the ever growing
urban and sub-urban population is going to be a challenge to the civil authorities, city planners, policy makers
and environmentalists. Groundwater is a major source of drinking water in both urban and rural areas of
Bommasandra. Bommasandra city is rapidly raising population, changing lifestyle and intense competition
among users- agriculture, industry and domestic sectors is driving the groundwater table lower. Besides,
discharge of untreated wastewater through bores and leachate from unscientific disposal of solid wastes also
contaminate groundwater, thereby reducing quality of fresh water resources.
Correlation Study For the Assessment of Water Quality and Its Parameters of G...IOSR Journals
In the present work water samples are collected from six different Ghats of Ganga river in Kanpur city from March 2010 to February 2011 on monthly basis and water quality assessment is carried out. Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) value is determined using correlation matrix to identify the highly correlated and interrelated water quality parameters. To test the significance of the pair of parameters p-value is carried out and in order to test the joint effects of several independent variables, without frequent or repeated monitoring of water quality in a location. Higher concentration of Chromium (6.7 mg/l) at Siddhnath ghat in June, and its monthly variation showed highly adverse effect on river Ganga due to tanneries effluent. It is found that significant positive correlation holds for Temp vs BOD GH1 (r= 0.99, p<0.01),><0.01),><0.01);><0.01),><0.01),><0.01).><0.01),><0.01),><0.01). Chromium is found that non significant correlation. The mean values of all the measured physico-chemical parameters of Ganga river water are within the highest desirable limit set by WHO except BOD.
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
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The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
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We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
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Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
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Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
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2. Jyotiprakash G. Nayak and Dr. L. G. Patil
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 84 editor@iaeme.com
1. INTRODUCTION
Unregulated growth of urban areas , particularly over the last two decades, without
providing infrastructure services for proper collection, transportation, treatment and
disposal of domestic waste led to increased pollution and health hazards. The
municipalities and such civic authorities have not been able to cope up with this
massive task which could be attributed to various reasons including erosion of
authority, inability to raise revenues and inadequate managerial capabilities. In India
all 15 major rivers have become polluted. Ganga, Godavari,Gomti,Cavery,Narmada
and Mahi all are facing pollution problems. The Ganga from Haridwar to Calcutta is
infect an unending sewer fit only to carry urban liquid waste[4]
,half burnt dead bodies,
pesticides and other wastes. The chief sources of water pollution are (i) sewage and
other waste (ii) industrial effluents (iii) agricultural discharges and industrial wastes
from chemical industries, fossil fuel plants.
The objectives of the present study are
1. To investigate water quality of River Godavari at Nashik station, Maharashtra state,
India
2. To identify the point sources of pollution like industries, those are discharging their
untreated or partially treated wastewater /solid waste in the Godavari River in the
selected reach/portion of the river.
3. Identification of the selected river reaches as per Classification of inland surface
waters (CPCB standards)
2. STUDY AREA
The Godavari River runs from western to southern India and is considered to be one
of the big river basins in India. With a length of 1465 km, it is the second largest river
in India (only after the Ganges), that runs within the country. Godavari river
originates from Brahmagiri Mountain(at 19.56000
N, 73.20000
E) having 920 m
elevation located at Triambakeswar in the Nashik District of Maharashtra. It
discharges into the Bay of Bengal near Narasapuram in West Godavari district of
Andhra Pradesh. The major towns located along the river in Maharastra are
Triambakeswar, Nashik, Kopargaon, Paithan, Gangakhed, Nanded, Sironcha, Gevrai
(Beed) while in Telangana & Andhra Pradesh are Adilabad, Nizamabad, Dharmapuri,
Warangal, Bhadrachalam, Rajamundry, Yanam, Kovvur, Tallapudi, Narasapur,
Antarvedi, Tadipudi etc.
Nashik city gets around 390 million litres per day (MLD) drinking water, out of
which sewage of around 310 MLD is generated. The Nashik Muncipal Corporation
(NMC)is treating 200.5 MLD sewage (as given in Table 7) in the installed Sewage
treatment plants; while the remaining 110 MLD untreated sewage is directly released
in Godavari river (as per status in March 2014).
3. Assessment of Water Quality of Godavari River at Nashik, Maharashtra, India
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 85 editor@iaeme.com
Figure 1 Location Map of Study Area
Figure 2 Location Map of Water Quality Monitoring Stations and Waste Water Addition
Points in Nashik
3. MATERIALS & METHODS
The study has covered about 24 km length of the river starting from Gangapur Dam to
Dasak Village. Fifteen important river water sampling stations selected in the Study
length were from Gangapur Dam to Dasak Village namely Someswar, Anandwalli,
Victoria Bridge, Ramkund, Tapowan, Dasak Village etc. River water sampling
locations are given in the Figure 2 & Table1.
Water samples were collected as per standard methods of Sampling techniques as
described in APHA(2012)[11]
.Analysis of the water samples were done as per
standard methods of water & waste water examination, APHA (2012).Various physic-
chemical parameters such as temperature, pH, Electrical conductivity(EC),Alkalinity,
Total Hardness(TH), Total Dissolved solids(TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS) ,
Total Solids (TS), Dissolved Oxygen (DO) ,Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD),
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD),Phosphate (PO4
-3
),Turbidity were determined at all
the sampling stations. pH was determined on the spot using pH Pen and DO of the
4. Jyotiprakash G. Nayak and Dr. L. G. Patil
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 86 editor@iaeme.com
samples was fixed on site using manganous sulphate & alkali azide solutions. DO was
then determined using Winklier’s method[7]
.hardness was estimated using EDTA
titrimetry, phosphates by molybdenum blue complex formation using a
spectrophotometer. Turbidity was determined using nephelometer.
Table 1 River Water Sampling Stations along the Stretch of Godavari River (refer Fig. 2)
Sampling
station
Location Distance
from the Ist
Sampling
station
Remarks
S1 Gangapur Dam 0.0 km Dam is source of drinking water
S2 Balaji Temple 4.0 km Bathing, washing activities
S3 Someshwar 6.0 km Bathing activity and Puja material thrown
S4 Anandwalli
Bridge
10.2km Sewage from MIDC area, hotels, anandwalli slum
area meets to river
S5 Bapu Bridge 10.7 km Sewage of Anandwalli slum area discharged to river
S6 Suyojit Bridge 11.5 km Part of untreated sewage of gangapur area meets to
river
S7 Chopda Lawns 12.5 km Sewage entering through 3 no. visible sewers
S8 Victoria Bridge 14.7 km Wastewater stream entering to the river
S9 Ramkund 15.5 km Mass bathing activities,Dashkriyavidhi material
thrown
S10 Ghadge Baba
Bridge
16.0 km No Point source contributing wastewater could be
identified
S11 Vijaynagar
Bridge
17.0 km Waghadi river meets in rainy season
S12 50m after
Tapovan STP
18.5 km Treated sewage from 78 and 52 MLD STP meets the
river
S13 Samtanagar
Bridge
20.0 km Nasardi nala(river) joins the river, before this point
S14 50m after
Agartakli STP
21.0 km Untreated sewage from 70 MLD STP entering the
river
S15 Dasak Bridge 24.0 km Remains/ashes of human dead bodies, wastewater
from settlements, vehicle washings are added
Table 2 Sewage/Wastewater addition points along the Stretch of Godavari River (refer Fig. 2)
Station
no.
Name of Point Source of
Pollution Station no.
Name of Point Source of
Pollution
P1 Gangapur Nala P7 Sewer near Chopada Lawns
P2 Chikhli Nala P8 Lendi Nala near Ramwadi
P3 Anandwalli Nala P9 Flowing sewage at Ramghat
P4
700m from Anandwalli
Bridge P10 Sewage from Tapovan STP **
P5 Asarambapu Nala P11 Nasardi Nala near Samtanagar
P6
Nala near Suyojit Housing
Society P12 Sewage from Tapovan STP **
** Treated sewage not meeting to Effluent standards
5. Assessment of Water Quality of Godavari River at Nashik, Maharashtra, India
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 87 editor@iaeme.com
4. RESULTS & DISCUSSION
River water quality was observed at the 15 no. sampling stations as per table no.1 and
the analysis results have been shown for January & March 2014 month as per table 2
&3.Water quality at selected stations was determined using National Sanitation
Foundation Water Quality Index (NSFWQI),which is the most widely used water
quality index throughout the world. To calculate NSFWQI value nine parameters
namely Dissolved Oxygen, Faecal Coliform, pH, Biochemical Oxygen Demand,
Temperature change, Total Phosphate, Nitrate, Turbidity & Total Solids are
used[13].
These parameters have been given weightages as mentioned in table 4.
Dissolved Oxygen(D.O.) and Faecal Coliform were considered more important so
relatively more weightages were given to them as compared to the remaining
parameters.
For each of these nine parameters, standard Charts are available. From these
Charts (refer figure 3) , Q Value of each parameter is determined. The Q Value and
the weightage of each of these nine parameters is used to determine the NSFWQI
value at the selected station. Water quality at the station is classified as Excellent,
Good or Bad with reference to the calculated value of NSFWQI as per table 6.
Table 3 Data of Godavari river water quality (January 2014)
Station
No.
Parameters/
Sampling
Station
DO
(mg/L)
Faecal
Coliform
(MPN
Index/100ml)
(X104
)
pH
BOD5
(mg/L)
Phosphate
(mg/L)
Turbidity
(NTU)
Total
Solids
(mg/L)
TDS
(mg/L)
Total
Coliform
(MPN
Index/100ml)
(X104
)
NSFWQI
S1 Gangapur
Dam
7.5 N.M.* 8.6 2 0.1 4.56 90 69 N.M.* 81
S2 Balaji
temple
7.4 N.M.* 8.5 4 0.16 5.2 94 72 N.M.* 78
S3 Someshwar 7.3 N.M.* 8.3 4 0.18 5.5 116 89 N.M.* 78
S4 Anandwalli
Bridge
3.4 5.4 8.4 26 0.2 4.61 202 155 8.4 43
S5 Bapu Bridge 3.2 16 7.9 29 0.21 9.98 241 185 26 42
S6 Suyojit
Bridge
3.3 10 8.1 26 0.24 15.57 367 282 14 39
S7 Chopra
Lawns
2 18 8.4 37 0.16 15.54 411 316 28 36
S8 Victoria
Bridge
4.4 15 8.6 24 1.22 15.49 361 278 23 33
S9 Ramkund 2.1 24 8.9 34 1.62 14.63 367 282 44 26
S10
Ghadge
Baba Bridge
1.6 14 7.8 40 1.46 12.11 497 382 22 30
S11 Vijay Nagar 2 10 7.7 36 1.54 13.58 315 242 21 32
S12 Tapovan
STP
3.4 22 7.5 28 1.92 11.14 560 431 35 31
S13 Samta
Nagar
1.2 24 7.3 46 2.12 33.75 673 518 44 26
S14 Agartakli
STP
0.2 38 7.8 60 2.24 29.36 589 453 54 25
S15 Dasak
Bridge
3.2 48 7.8 26 2.12 23.44 628 483 78 29
6. Jyotiprakash G. Nayak and Dr. L. G. Patil
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 88 editor@iaeme.com
Table 4 Data of Godavari river water quality (March 2014)
Station
no
Parameters/
Sampling
Station
DO
(mg/L)
Faecal
Coliform
(MPN
Index/100ml)
(X104
)
pH
BOD5
(mg/L)
Phosphate
(mg/L)
Turbidity
(NTU)
Total
Solids
(mg/L)
TDS
(mg/L)
Total
Coliform
(MPN
Index/100ml)
(X104
)
NSFWQI
S1 Gangapur
Dam
7.3 N.M.* 8.4 2 0.1 5.2 67.6 52 N.M.* 82
S2 Balaji
temple
7.1 N.M.* 8.3 3 0.14 6.1 88.4 68 N.M.* 79
S3 Someshwar 7.2 N.M.* 8.2 4 0.16 6.2 106.6 82 N.M.* 79
S4 Anandwalli
Bridge
4.2 2.7 8.1 24 0.2 7.59 170.3 131 4.7 46
S5 Bapu Bridge 3.2 54 7.8 26 0.22 8.98 237.9 183 92 44
S6 Suyojit
Bridge
3 1.3 8.4 28 0.24 14.7 429 330 2.3 38
S7 Chopra
Lawns
1.3 1 8.4 41 0.18 23.68 267.8 206 1.2 37
S8 Victoria
Bridge
3.1 1.3 8.9 27 1.08 11.07 289.9 223 2.3 34
S9 Ramkund 3 24 8.3 32 1.44 15.43 274.3 211 54 31
S10
Ghadge
Baba Bridge
1.9 14 8.5 36 1.32 20.56 413.4 318 24 27
S11 Vijay Nagar 3.1 10 8.2 28 1.46 19.68 348.4 268 21 31
S12 Tapovan
STP
2.9 22 7.7 30 1.88 18.06 443.3 341 35 31
S13 Samta Nagar 1.4 24 7.5 40 2.02 34.8 439.4 338 54 26
S14 Agartakli
STP
0.2 28 7.6 52 2.32 36.84 445.9 343 35 24
S15 Dasak
Bridge
2.6 54 7.4 27 2.16 25.59 438.1 337 92 29
*Not Measured
Table 5 NSFWQI Water Quality Factors and Weights [14]
Sr.
No.
Parameter Weig
ht
1 Dissolved Oxygen 0.17
2 Faecal Coliform 0.16
3 pH 0.11
4 Biochemical Oxygen
demand
0.11
5 Temperature change 0.10
6 Total Phosphates 0.10
7 Nitrates 0.10
8 Turbidity 0.08
9 Total Solids 0.07
The concentration of DO is one of the most important indices of purity of river
water. The concentration of DO in water represents the nature of organic matter
present. The DO of river water is less than 5 mg/l, from Anandwalli Bridge to Dasak
Bridge, so the river water is unsuitable for survival of aquatic life, in this stretch.River
water falls in ‘E’ class, considering the DO parameter alone.
BOD5 values shows sudden rise from Someshwar to Anandwalli Bridge & even
more than 25 mg/L at all the stations from Anandwalli area onwards in the selected
7. Assessment of Water Quality of Godavari River at Nashik, Maharashtra, India
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 89 editor@iaeme.com
stretch.This is due to the sewage entering to Godavari between Someshwar &
Anandwalli from Gangapur nala (P1) & Anandwalli nala(P3),while Chikhli nala
(P2)discharges MIDC industrial wastewater to Godavari before Anandwalli area,
Table 6 NSF Water Quality Index Table[14]
Sr.
No.
NSFWQI Range Water
Quality
1 90-100 Excellent
2 70-90 Good
3 50-70 Medium
4 25-50 Bad
5 0-25 Very Bad
In the month of January & March 2014, it was observed that BOD5 at Chopada
lawns (station 8) became 37 & 41 mg/L,due to discharge of sewage from nala(P6)
near Suyojit Housing Society & clearly visible sewers(P7) near Chopada Lawns.
The river does not get chance of cleansing via self purification process, since
Lendi Nala (P8) and entering sewage (P9) in ramkund area increases the BOD5
further to 40 mg/L in January month at Ghadgebaba Bridge.
Nasardi nala brings the sewage of Pimpalgaon slum area & industrial wastewater
of MIDC AMBAD and finally downpours it before Samtanagar, aggravating the
BOD5 value to 46 mg/L in January month. At Agartakli new 70 MLD STP have been
constructed, but its commissioning was not done, so around 70 MLD untreated
sewage is just passing through the STP & entering to Godavari near Agartakli. This
has increased the BOD5value of Godavari to 60 mg/L at a distance of 50 m from
Agartakli STP (station 14).
From Agartakli to Dasak area, no predominant nalas are entering to Godavari, so
river shows little improvement in its BOD5 value, due to self purification process.
Turbidity and Total solids are also increasing proportionately at all the selected
stations of study stretch due to addition of sewage & industrial wastewater by one or
the other nala.
Eutrophication phenomenon takes place in the water body, if the water body is
rich in Nitrate and Phosphate content. Nitrate and Phosphate content of water body
usually increases, if the agricultural runoffor sewage is entering to the water body.In
this case agricultural runoff was found to be meeting to Nasardi nala near Pimpalgaon
area after Papaya Nursery and sewage was entering to the river via number of nalas as
discussed.[16]
This is leading to the formation of green coloured substance as Water
Hycinth and Algal bloom at the water body at most of the stations like Bapu Bridge,
Ghadge Baba bridge &Agartakli STP area. So, most of the stretch of Godavari has
been found to be unsuitable for navigational and recreational purpose.
Fecal Coliform presence shows the indication of contamination of water due to
human or animal feces. Fecal Coliform from Anandwalli to Dasak Bridge is
considerably high and in the range of 5.4X104
to 48X104
indicating the heavy
contamination of the river stretch. The value of fecal coliform increases at station no.
12 i.e. 50m after Tapovan STP due to dischargeof sewage containing fecal coliform in
the range of 105
to 106
and BOD5 in the range of 40 to 50 mg/L. This clearly indicates
8. Jyotiprakash G. Nayak and Dr. L. G. Patil
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 90 editor@iaeme.com
the poorly operated Tapovan STP having inefficient chlorination of the finally treated
sewage coming out of the STP. The value of fecal coliform reaches to alarming stage
at Agartakli and Dasak Bridge.
National sanitation foundation water quality index (NSFWQI) was calculated to
identify the water quality at the selected stationsIt is evident from the referred
literature that this water quality index does not show appreciable change in thevalue,
if 2-3 parameters are not considered.[17]
In the present study seven number of
parameters namely DO, fecal coliform, pH, BOD5, Phosphate,Turbidity& Total
Solidswere considered out of nine parameters.
The value of NSFWQI from Gangapur dam to Someshwar is in the range of 87 to
84 in March and 81 to 78 in January 2014, on referring the table 5, it is adjudged that
water quality is good in this stretch up to Someshwar. Water quality deteriorates
comparatively at Anandwalli, since NSFWQI value is 38 and 43 in March and
January respectively. So, water quality is reported as ‘Bad’ at Anandwalli.This is due
to discharge of sewage by Gangapurnala, Chikhlinala and Anandwallinala between
Someshwar and Anandwalli river stretch.
The water quality does not get the chance to recuperate after Anandwalli, since
Suyojit nala & public sewers at Chopada lawns further discharge the sewage in the
Godavari before Chopada lawns, bringing down the WQI value to 36 at this station in
January month. Water quality deteriorates further at Ramkund having WQI as 26,due
to mass bathing and deliberate addition of Puja and last ritual materials at this
religious place; These activities goes unchecked at Ramkund, since people of entire
Maharashtra wish to perform the last rituals of their kiths & kins here according to
hindu mythology.
Nasardinala brings the sewage of Pimpalgaon & Ambad slum area and discharges
it in Godavari near Samtanagar, reducing the WQI value to 26 in January and March
months. Further it is observed that 70 MLD STP at Agartakli is almost ready except
sludge digester, but commissioning of STP has not been done, therefore sewage is just
passing through the Agartakli STP and effluent coming out from STP shows no
appreciable change in the quality that it has undergone treatment. Further there is little
change in the calculated value of WQI after Agartakli STP (station S14), this is due to
the fact that present NSFWQI does not take into consideration the effect of BOD5,if
the valueof BOD is above 30 mg/l.This is the fact, due to which the WQI value at
Samtanagar(station13) and After Agartakli (station14) is almost same though the
BOD5value are 46mg/l and 60 mg/l respectively. In Indian rivers like Ganga, Yamuna
and GodavariBOD5value above 30 mg/l have been observed earlier[6]
, so there is a
gap in research area that BOD5rating curve should also take into consideration BOD5
value upto 80mg/l. Hence there is a need of refinement of BOD5 rating curve or new
water quality index should be developed, which will predominantly represent/consider
the actual water quality status of Indian rivers.
5. CONCLUSIONS
The assessment of water quality of 24 km stretch of Godavari river from Gangapur
dam to Dasak village in Nashik indicates that the river is heavily polluted due to entry
of untreated or partially treated sewage in the river from different point sources of
pollution. There is appreciable change in water quality from good to bad, from
Someshwar to Anandwalli area, as evident from the value of NSFWAI at these
stations. This is due to discharge of sewage and industrial wastewater via
Someshwarnala, ChikhliNala and Anandwallinala in this stretch. Further, effluent
9. Assessment of Water Quality of Godavari River at Nashik, Maharashtra, India
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 91 editor@iaeme.com
from poorly operated Tapovan STP adds to the woes of Godavari and its quality goes
on deteriorating in the downstream portion.
In the entire river stretch deoxygenation process predominates over reoxygenation
process,so river does not get the chance to recuperate via self purification process.
Therefore zones of recovery were not observed.Nasardinala brings the untreated
sewage of Pimpalgaon region and Ambad MIDC area and discharges near
Samtanagar. Similarly 70 MLD STP at Agartakli has not been commissioned, so 70
MLD untreated sewage is directly discharged to Godavari after Agartakli
STP.Therefore the water quality changes from bad to very bad, from Samtanagar to
Agartakli STP downstream region.
Existing NSFWQI does not take into consideration the effect of BOD5valueofriver
from 30 mg/l to 60 mg/l, therefore the value of NSFWQI at Samtanagar and Agartakli
STP downstream does not show much difference, though the BOD5values at these
stations are considerably different and are 46 and 60 mg/l in January month. So, there
is a need of refinement of existing BOD5 rating curve of NSFWQI. If such refinement
is done, then one more water quality as ‘Worst’ may be added after ‘Very bad’ water
quality in NSFWQI. It is anticipated that water quality at Agartakli STP downstream
may be ‘Worst’ rather than ‘Very bad’. At present Anandwalli to Dasak bridge stretch
of Godavari comes under Class ‘E’ river as per CPCB guidelines of classification of
inland surface waters.
it is suggested that Nasardi nala discharge should be diverted to Agartakli sewage
pumping station and commissioning of 70 MLD STP along with construction of 40
MLD STP at Agartakli should be completed soon. In addition to this, one New 40
MLD STP near Gangapur area should be constructed and 3 no. nalas of Someshwar to
Anandwalli stretch should be diverted to this New STP at Gangapur area.Muncipal
Corporation should take efforts to divert the remaining downpouring nalas of
Godavari, so that old pure and sacred status of Godavari can be restored.
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