This document discusses the importance and challenges facing the Ganga River basin in India. It notes that the Ganga basin is the largest in India, hosting 43% of the country's population. However, growing population and industrialization are increasing water pollution and demand. Efforts over the decades through programs like the Ganga Action Plan, Namami Gange, and court interventions have aimed to manage the river in a holistic way and curb pollution. The current Namami Gange program takes a basin-wide approach and focuses on pollution abatement, conservation, and improving management across 11 states.
The Ganga Action Plan was launched in 1986 to reduce pollution in the Ganga river, but efforts to decrease pollution levels continued beyond 2000 without success. Reasons for failure included a lack of cooperation between government bodies, inadequate monitoring, and insufficient public involvement. In 2009, the National Ganga River Basin Authority was constituted to plan, implement, and coordinate Ganga conservation efforts, including securing World Bank funds for pollution abatement projects. Addressing untreated sewage discharge, inadequate river flows, and lack of enforcement against industrial pollution will be needed for comprehensive solutions.
The Ganges river is one of the most polluted rivers in the world due to waste from the large population living along its banks, as well as untreated industrial and agricultural runoff. Various initiatives have been launched by the Indian government to clean the river, including the Ganga Action Plan in the 1980s and a $4 billion campaign beginning in 2010, but pollution remains a major problem. The pollution has negatively impacted marine life in the river and has caused health issues for humans who use the water.
The Ganges river is highly polluted due to sewage and industrial waste from cities along its banks, as well as religious offerings and bodies that are placed directly into the river according to Hindu traditions. This pollution has created severe health issues for those who live near the river. The Ganga Action Plan was launched in 1985 to address this pollution but failed due to issues like a lack of cooperation between government bodies and technical experts, as well as insufficient monitoring and public awareness campaigns. Stronger measures are needed like improved sewage treatment, industrial waste regulation, public education, and inter-governmental cooperation to successfully restore the Ganges river.
The water resources of Karnataka primarily constitutes surface and groundwater. Rainfall is the basic source of water in the state. Karnataka is blessed with seven river basins. There are 36,753 tanks in the state and they have a capacity of about 684518 hectares. The rivers, along with their tributaries, account for much of Karnataka’s surface water resources. Surface water is available in Karnataka in the form of rivers, lakes, waterfalls, reservoirs, etc. Being the seventh largest state in India (area-wise), Karnataka possesses about six percent of the country’s total surface water resources of about 17 lakh million cubic metres (Mcum).
This is the PowerPoint which gives best of the knowledge of Ganga action plan with most elegant and shortest way. we will talk about the most worshipped river and about the purity of this river which is going on depleting.
This document discusses the importance and challenges facing the Ganga River basin in India. It notes that the Ganga basin is the largest in India, hosting 43% of the country's population. However, growing population and industrialization are increasing water pollution and demand. Efforts over the decades through programs like the Ganga Action Plan, Namami Gange, and court interventions have aimed to manage the river in a holistic way and curb pollution. The current Namami Gange program takes a basin-wide approach and focuses on pollution abatement, conservation, and improving management across 11 states.
The Ganga Action Plan was launched in 1986 to reduce pollution in the Ganga river, but efforts to decrease pollution levels continued beyond 2000 without success. Reasons for failure included a lack of cooperation between government bodies, inadequate monitoring, and insufficient public involvement. In 2009, the National Ganga River Basin Authority was constituted to plan, implement, and coordinate Ganga conservation efforts, including securing World Bank funds for pollution abatement projects. Addressing untreated sewage discharge, inadequate river flows, and lack of enforcement against industrial pollution will be needed for comprehensive solutions.
The Ganges river is one of the most polluted rivers in the world due to waste from the large population living along its banks, as well as untreated industrial and agricultural runoff. Various initiatives have been launched by the Indian government to clean the river, including the Ganga Action Plan in the 1980s and a $4 billion campaign beginning in 2010, but pollution remains a major problem. The pollution has negatively impacted marine life in the river and has caused health issues for humans who use the water.
The Ganges river is highly polluted due to sewage and industrial waste from cities along its banks, as well as religious offerings and bodies that are placed directly into the river according to Hindu traditions. This pollution has created severe health issues for those who live near the river. The Ganga Action Plan was launched in 1985 to address this pollution but failed due to issues like a lack of cooperation between government bodies and technical experts, as well as insufficient monitoring and public awareness campaigns. Stronger measures are needed like improved sewage treatment, industrial waste regulation, public education, and inter-governmental cooperation to successfully restore the Ganges river.
The water resources of Karnataka primarily constitutes surface and groundwater. Rainfall is the basic source of water in the state. Karnataka is blessed with seven river basins. There are 36,753 tanks in the state and they have a capacity of about 684518 hectares. The rivers, along with their tributaries, account for much of Karnataka’s surface water resources. Surface water is available in Karnataka in the form of rivers, lakes, waterfalls, reservoirs, etc. Being the seventh largest state in India (area-wise), Karnataka possesses about six percent of the country’s total surface water resources of about 17 lakh million cubic metres (Mcum).
This is the PowerPoint which gives best of the knowledge of Ganga action plan with most elegant and shortest way. we will talk about the most worshipped river and about the purity of this river which is going on depleting.
The Causes and Impacts of Water Pollution of Buriganga RiverMoudud Hasan
The Buriganga River flowing through Dhaka, Bangladesh is one of the most polluted rivers in the world. It receives untreated industrial and domestic waste from the many factories and 15 million people situated along its banks. Water quality testing found parameters like BOD, COD, and EC to exceed safe limits, endangering aquatic life. The main causes of pollution are discharge of waste from 249 industries including 200 tanneries, untreated sewage, and sedimentation. This poses severe health and navigation problems. Recommendations to remedy this include moving industries, new waste treatment plants, and public awareness.
This document summarizes the different layers of a lake - the epilimnion, metalimnion, and hypolimnion. It then discusses issues like eutrophication and lake pollution. Specific solutions proposed for Hussain Sagar lake in Hyderabad include quick shock treatments using chemicals like triozon F and CLO2, bottom aeration to oxygenate the water, and use of bio-enzymes and bacteria to naturally treat the lake. A step-by-step treatment process is outlined showing improvements within hours of application. The overall goal is to oxygenate, clarify and restore the lake water through eco-friendly methods.
India, country that occupies the greater part of South Asia. With roughly one-sixth of the world’s total population, India is the second most populous country. Types of water resources Surface water Resources Groundwater Resources.
Management of water resources in India has been a challenge whose magnitude has risen manifolds over the past 50 years due to a variety of reasons, notably the rising demands and growing environmental degradation.
The Ganga River is highly polluted despite being an important religious site and source of water. It ranks as one of the five most polluted rivers globally. Industrial and human waste are major causes of pollution, threatening biodiversity and spreading disease. Previous government programs like Ganga Action Plans I and II and the National River Conservation Plan have spent billions to address the issue but with limited success. The current Namami Ganga program aims to more effectively clean the river with public participation through donations and volunteerism.
Ganga action plan: As a case study in Environmental LegislationJegan Nadar
The Ganga river basin is home to 40% of India's population and receives pollution from domestic and industrial waste from many cities and towns. The Ganga Action Plan was launched in 1985 to improve water quality by treating sewage and reducing pollution. Phase 1 aimed to treat 882 MLD of sewage from 25 cities but had shortcomings. Phase 2 expanded the plan but made limited progress, treating only 780 MLD against a target of 1912 MLD. Implementation of the plan faced issues with monitoring, delays in schemes, and improper maintenance.
An overview of looming worldwide fresh water shortages. Facts and figures that tell the story of the causes, impacts, and challenges we will all face in our future as populations grow and water resources change and shift.
India is facing a severe water crisis as over 1.1 billion people lack sufficient access to water. The crisis is caused by increasing demand from domestic, agricultural, and industrial uses, limited water supply from groundwater and rivers, as well as pollution and climate change effects on water resources. The water crisis leads to numerous health issues as 80% of illnesses are caused by unsafe water, and has resulted in many deaths, especially among young children.
To arrest the decline in groundwater levels, Atal Bhujal Yojana or Atal Jal - perhaps India’s largest community led groundwater management program till date - was launched in December 2019. This presentation provides an overview of the scheme, its objectives, key features, disbursement linked indicators and possible interventions.
Climate Change Concerns and Emerging Challenges for Water and Food Security o...Global Water Partnership
Climate change poses serious challenges to Pakistan's water and food security. Increased temperatures are causing Himalayan glaciers to melt faster, which will initially increase river flows but ultimately lead to a substantial reduction. More extreme weather events like floods, droughts, and tropical storms are also expected. This threatens agriculture and could endanger food security. Adaptation measures are urgently needed to address the vulnerabilities of Pakistan's water resources and food production under climate change.
Environmental Legislation Case Studies IndiaIsha Sawant
case studies pertaining environmental legislation like the chipko movement, bhopal gas tragedy, narmada valley project, ecofeminism , delhi air pollution
A presentation on current day scenario of depletion of "Mother River" Ganga, a river treated as a divine path to god and immortality is fighting for its own existence today.
Also contains a little description of water pollution and silver linings of Ganga purification
The Green Revolution was a period in the 20th century when agricultural productivity greatly increased due to new technologies. Chemical fertilizers and pesticides were developed that allowed for higher crop yields by providing extra nutrients to crops and controlling weeds, insects, and diseases. The Green Revolution started in the 1940s and spread around the world in the 1950s and 1960s, helping to avoid widespread famine. It introduced high-yielding varieties of cereal grains, expansion of irrigation infrastructure, modern agricultural technology such as mechanized cultivation, and increased use of fertilizers and pesticides to boost production.
Gaya is one of the significant tourist destinations of Bihar. Population density currently of Gaya is 9490 people per square kilometer. The population growth rate of females is 22% and it is 1% higher as compared to the male population growth rate... https://indiapopulation2020.in/population-of-gaya-2020.html
Water resources of pakistan A Lecture By Mr Allah Dad Khan Visiting Profes...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Pakistan has limited water resources to support its growing population. Surface water comes from three main rivers - the Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab - which flow from the Himalayas. Groundwater is an important supplemental source but overuse has caused the water table to drop rapidly in many areas.
The document summarizes information about the Ganges River, including its religious significance in Hinduism, the cities along its banks, how it provides water to 40% of India's population, and how it has become heavily polluted in modern times due to human and industrial waste. It also discusses the objectives and phases of the Ganga Action Plan launched in 1986 to reduce pollution in the river, but which ultimately failed due to issues like inappropriate planning, lack of cooperation between levels of government, and not providing consistent electricity to run treatment facilities.
The Ganges river is highly polluted due to sewage and industrial waste from cities along its banks, as well as religious offerings and bodies that are placed directly into the river according to Hindu traditions. This pollution has created severe health issues for those who live near the river. The Ganga Action Plan was launched in 1985 to address this pollution but failed due to issues like a lack of cooperation between government bodies and technical experts, as well as insufficient monitoring and public awareness campaigns. Stronger measures are needed going forward, such as improved sewage treatment, industrial waste regulation, public education, and inter-governmental cooperation to successfully restore the Ganges river.
Rivers of india ppt (1) by Bansi MadlaniBansiMadlani
This document discusses solutions to river pollution in India. It outlines various causes of river pollution including dumping, industrial waste, and agricultural run-off. Some solutions proposed include implementing waste water treatment, reducing plastic waste, improving stormwater management, adopting green agricultural practices, and enacting laws and regulations to control pollution. Community-level efforts like waste management programs, tree planting, and education campaigns are also suggested. Past government initiatives like the Ganga Action Plan aimed to address river pollution but more remains to be done to restore India's polluted rivers.
The Causes and Impacts of Water Pollution of Buriganga RiverMoudud Hasan
The Buriganga River flowing through Dhaka, Bangladesh is one of the most polluted rivers in the world. It receives untreated industrial and domestic waste from the many factories and 15 million people situated along its banks. Water quality testing found parameters like BOD, COD, and EC to exceed safe limits, endangering aquatic life. The main causes of pollution are discharge of waste from 249 industries including 200 tanneries, untreated sewage, and sedimentation. This poses severe health and navigation problems. Recommendations to remedy this include moving industries, new waste treatment plants, and public awareness.
This document summarizes the different layers of a lake - the epilimnion, metalimnion, and hypolimnion. It then discusses issues like eutrophication and lake pollution. Specific solutions proposed for Hussain Sagar lake in Hyderabad include quick shock treatments using chemicals like triozon F and CLO2, bottom aeration to oxygenate the water, and use of bio-enzymes and bacteria to naturally treat the lake. A step-by-step treatment process is outlined showing improvements within hours of application. The overall goal is to oxygenate, clarify and restore the lake water through eco-friendly methods.
India, country that occupies the greater part of South Asia. With roughly one-sixth of the world’s total population, India is the second most populous country. Types of water resources Surface water Resources Groundwater Resources.
Management of water resources in India has been a challenge whose magnitude has risen manifolds over the past 50 years due to a variety of reasons, notably the rising demands and growing environmental degradation.
The Ganga River is highly polluted despite being an important religious site and source of water. It ranks as one of the five most polluted rivers globally. Industrial and human waste are major causes of pollution, threatening biodiversity and spreading disease. Previous government programs like Ganga Action Plans I and II and the National River Conservation Plan have spent billions to address the issue but with limited success. The current Namami Ganga program aims to more effectively clean the river with public participation through donations and volunteerism.
Ganga action plan: As a case study in Environmental LegislationJegan Nadar
The Ganga river basin is home to 40% of India's population and receives pollution from domestic and industrial waste from many cities and towns. The Ganga Action Plan was launched in 1985 to improve water quality by treating sewage and reducing pollution. Phase 1 aimed to treat 882 MLD of sewage from 25 cities but had shortcomings. Phase 2 expanded the plan but made limited progress, treating only 780 MLD against a target of 1912 MLD. Implementation of the plan faced issues with monitoring, delays in schemes, and improper maintenance.
An overview of looming worldwide fresh water shortages. Facts and figures that tell the story of the causes, impacts, and challenges we will all face in our future as populations grow and water resources change and shift.
India is facing a severe water crisis as over 1.1 billion people lack sufficient access to water. The crisis is caused by increasing demand from domestic, agricultural, and industrial uses, limited water supply from groundwater and rivers, as well as pollution and climate change effects on water resources. The water crisis leads to numerous health issues as 80% of illnesses are caused by unsafe water, and has resulted in many deaths, especially among young children.
To arrest the decline in groundwater levels, Atal Bhujal Yojana or Atal Jal - perhaps India’s largest community led groundwater management program till date - was launched in December 2019. This presentation provides an overview of the scheme, its objectives, key features, disbursement linked indicators and possible interventions.
Climate Change Concerns and Emerging Challenges for Water and Food Security o...Global Water Partnership
Climate change poses serious challenges to Pakistan's water and food security. Increased temperatures are causing Himalayan glaciers to melt faster, which will initially increase river flows but ultimately lead to a substantial reduction. More extreme weather events like floods, droughts, and tropical storms are also expected. This threatens agriculture and could endanger food security. Adaptation measures are urgently needed to address the vulnerabilities of Pakistan's water resources and food production under climate change.
Environmental Legislation Case Studies IndiaIsha Sawant
case studies pertaining environmental legislation like the chipko movement, bhopal gas tragedy, narmada valley project, ecofeminism , delhi air pollution
A presentation on current day scenario of depletion of "Mother River" Ganga, a river treated as a divine path to god and immortality is fighting for its own existence today.
Also contains a little description of water pollution and silver linings of Ganga purification
The Green Revolution was a period in the 20th century when agricultural productivity greatly increased due to new technologies. Chemical fertilizers and pesticides were developed that allowed for higher crop yields by providing extra nutrients to crops and controlling weeds, insects, and diseases. The Green Revolution started in the 1940s and spread around the world in the 1950s and 1960s, helping to avoid widespread famine. It introduced high-yielding varieties of cereal grains, expansion of irrigation infrastructure, modern agricultural technology such as mechanized cultivation, and increased use of fertilizers and pesticides to boost production.
Gaya is one of the significant tourist destinations of Bihar. Population density currently of Gaya is 9490 people per square kilometer. The population growth rate of females is 22% and it is 1% higher as compared to the male population growth rate... https://indiapopulation2020.in/population-of-gaya-2020.html
Water resources of pakistan A Lecture By Mr Allah Dad Khan Visiting Profes...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Pakistan has limited water resources to support its growing population. Surface water comes from three main rivers - the Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab - which flow from the Himalayas. Groundwater is an important supplemental source but overuse has caused the water table to drop rapidly in many areas.
The document summarizes information about the Ganges River, including its religious significance in Hinduism, the cities along its banks, how it provides water to 40% of India's population, and how it has become heavily polluted in modern times due to human and industrial waste. It also discusses the objectives and phases of the Ganga Action Plan launched in 1986 to reduce pollution in the river, but which ultimately failed due to issues like inappropriate planning, lack of cooperation between levels of government, and not providing consistent electricity to run treatment facilities.
The Ganges river is highly polluted due to sewage and industrial waste from cities along its banks, as well as religious offerings and bodies that are placed directly into the river according to Hindu traditions. This pollution has created severe health issues for those who live near the river. The Ganga Action Plan was launched in 1985 to address this pollution but failed due to issues like a lack of cooperation between government bodies and technical experts, as well as insufficient monitoring and public awareness campaigns. Stronger measures are needed going forward, such as improved sewage treatment, industrial waste regulation, public education, and inter-governmental cooperation to successfully restore the Ganges river.
Rivers of india ppt (1) by Bansi MadlaniBansiMadlani
This document discusses solutions to river pollution in India. It outlines various causes of river pollution including dumping, industrial waste, and agricultural run-off. Some solutions proposed include implementing waste water treatment, reducing plastic waste, improving stormwater management, adopting green agricultural practices, and enacting laws and regulations to control pollution. Community-level efforts like waste management programs, tree planting, and education campaigns are also suggested. Past government initiatives like the Ganga Action Plan aimed to address river pollution but more remains to be done to restore India's polluted rivers.
Water pollution in the Ganges River is a major problem caused by human and industrial waste from the large population in its basin, as well as infrastructure issues like dams. The Ganges Action Plan attempted to address this but had limited success in reducing pollution levels. Current efforts focus on improving waste treatment plants, stormwater management, and repairing sewer systems.
pollution is hazardous for human civilization, and when talking about water, it's contamination and pollution is increasing at alarming rate. So by means of this ppt i tried to share some information of pollutation of ganga, it's effects, government's actions and schemes, and law involved in it.
#water #law #share #gangapollutation
Green Simple Building a Sustainable World Presentation.pptxPerfectOK1
Water pollution is a pressing global issue that threatens ecosystems, human health, and aquatic life. It occurs when harmful substances contaminate or degrade water bodies such as rivers, lakes, and oceans. Pollutants can include chemical, biological, and physical contaminants from various sources like industrial and agricultural waste, urban runoff, and improper waste disposal. Efforts to address water pollution involve implementing pollution controls, wastewater treatment, and promoting sustainable practices.
A general basic case study on the river Ganga at Varanasi covering all the aspects of Pollution, Government'r role, Treatment facilities, Future prospects, Health status of river.
The Ganges River is severely polluted with toxic metals, acids, excrements and plutonium which is causing millions of Indians to get waterborne diseases every year. The Ganges Action Plan launched in 1985 has not fully addressed the pollution issues. While some industries have been closed and awareness campaigns conducted, one person still dies every 60 seconds from diarrhea and many suffer from diseases due to the contaminated water.
Evaluating water quality of ganga river within uttarAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that evaluated water quality in the Ganga River within the state of Uttar Pradesh in India. 13 monitoring stations were selected along the river to test various water quality parameters like BOD, TH, PO4, NO3, EC and pH. A water quality index was calculated using a C++ program based on WHO drinking water quality standards. The results found that concentrations of several parameters exceeded acceptable limits. Maintaining water quality in the Ganga is important as it supports the livelihoods of millions of people living in its basin.
The document discusses various topics related to pollution of the Ganga River in India. It begins with an introduction to the Ganga's significance as a sacred river and its current polluted state. It then discusses the main sources of pollution as industrial and domestic waste, and the effects of pollution including declining fish populations and health risks. The document outlines past efforts to clean the Ganga including the Ganga Action Plan and proposes new technologies that could help purify the river such as biogas generation and wastewater treatment systems. It stresses the importance of community involvement and sustainable agricultural practices to preserve the river.
This document discusses the pollution of the Ganges River in India and potential remedies. It notes that the Ganges is revered in Hinduism but has become heavily polluted due to waste from municipalities, industries, agriculture, and religious practices along its banks. Major factors contributing to pollution include sewage, industrial waste, use of pesticides, and solid waste. The Ganges Action Plan was launched in 1986 to help address this, including water quality monitoring. Technological solutions like water treatment plants and awareness campaigns are needed along with strict enforcement of laws and participation of local communities to successfully clean the river. Pollution has negatively impacted aquatic life and biodiversity in the river ecosystem.
This document summarizes a research paper on pollution in the Ganga River in India. It discusses the significance of cleaning the Ganga, which is an important religious site. It outlines the objectives of examining pollution issues and finding ways to reduce pollution. The methodology involved collecting information from government websites. The analysis finds that human and industrial waste are causing high levels of toxins in the river. It also discusses the Ganga Action Plan's strengths, like creating institutions to address the issue, and weaknesses, like continued domestic and industrial pollution. World Bank assistance is now providing funds to address wastewater treatment, industrial pollution, and solid waste management.
IRJET- Study and Analysis of Changes In Water Quality of Gomti River at diffe...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the changes in water quality of the Gomti River at different locations over time. The study analyzed physical and chemical parameters like temperature, pH, BOD, DO, COD, total hardness, TDS, and alkalinity of water samples collected from three locations on the river in different seasons. The results showed deterioration of water quality with increasing pollution from domestic and industrial waste discharged through drains into the river downstream. Parameters like DO, TDS, and pH indicated severe water quality issues at some sites. Urgent action is needed to restore water quality and protect the aquatic ecosystem of the Gomti River.
Geographical coverage is the largest – 26% of India’s land mass
Most populated basin – hosts 43% of India’s population
Annual surface water potential – 28% of India’s total
38% of India’s total estimated utilizable water comes from Ganga Basin – highest amongst all
Estimated utilizable surface water in Ganga is 48%
Nearly 40% of India’s total estimated replenishable ground water resources comes from Ganga Basin
IRJET- Water Quality Assessment of Nandini River (Nasardi), NashikIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research study assessing the water quality of the Nandini River in Nashik, India. A group of students from the Department of Civil Engineering at MET's Bhujbal Knowledge City Institute of Technology collected water samples from various locations along the Nandini River and analyzed them to determine levels of various physical and chemical parameters. These parameters included pH, hardness, solids, alkalinity, conductivity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, turbidity and color. Analyzing these parameters at different locations would help identify where the river is becoming polluted along its journey. The results of this study could inform measures to prevent further pollution of the Nandini River and ultimately the Godavari River
The Ganges River is one of the most polluted rivers in the world due to sewage and industrial waste from cities, religious offerings wrapped in plastic, and bodies burned or unburned entering the river. This pollution threatens humans and wildlife and causes diseases. Efforts under the Ganges Action Plan to reduce pollution spent over $1 billion but failed due to lack of modern environmental planning and management, inappropriate siting of sewage plants, and insufficient political will. Future efforts must address these issues, expand volunteer cleanup, and ensure complete cremation of bodies before releasing into the river.
Human civilizations have long depended on rivers for survival, with early civilizations in regions like Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, and China developing along major river valleys. However, as human populations and activities have increased, they have placed growing stress on rivers through activities like water extraction, waste dumping, and infrastructure development. This has degraded river ecosystems and impacted their ability to provide services. Parameters like water flow, sediment levels, pollution, and biodiversity are used to measure a river's health and the human impacts on it. The case of the Yamuna River in India illustrates how urban and industrial waste dumping can turn a major river highly toxic, reducing it to a local extinction of its natural ecosystems. Experts recommend various
The document provides information about the Ganga River Basin and the Ganga Action Plan (GAP). Some key points:
- The Ganga River Basin covers over 1 million square kilometers across several states in India and neighboring countries. It supports over 40% of India's population.
- The GAP was launched in 1986 with the objective of reducing pollution in the Ganga River and improving its water quality. This included intercepting and treating domestic sewage and industrial waste.
- Despite efforts under the GAP, the Ganga remains one of the most polluted rivers in the world due to continued disposal of untreated sewage and industrial/rural waste. Additional actions are needed to fully achieve the goal of cleaning the river
The Ganges river is one of the most polluted rivers in the world. It flows through densely populated areas where sewage and industrial waste are dumped into the river. Religious practices like bathing and releasing uncremated bodies also contribute to pollution. This pollution poses major health risks and threatens aquatic life. The Ganga Action Plan launched in 1985 to reduce pollution spent over $1 billion but failed to improve conditions significantly due to lack of proper planning and political will. A stronger plan is needed with improved sewage treatment, waste removal, and restrictions on releasing uncremated bodies.
2013 my lect -wwd hotel palash-“international year of water cooperation-bra...SG PHADKE
International year of WaterCooperation-Brain stormingissues today”
The document discusses water issues in India on World Water Day, which is observed annually on March 22nd. It summarizes the status of water and wastewater in India, including pollution issues affecting surface and groundwater sources. Key problems outlined are inadequate infrastructure, population growth, and depletion of resources. Water conflicts, diseases caused by contaminated water sources, and lack of proper sanitation are also addressed. The document advocates for improved management and cooperation to tackle India's water challenges.
This document provides an outline and summary of a presentation on water pollution in rivers, specifically focusing on the Ganga River. It discusses the causes of river pollution, types of water pollution, effects of pollution, actions individuals can take, a poem about the Ganga River, and conclusions with recommendations for the Ganga Action Plan to clean the river.
Synopsis On Annual General Meeting/Extra Ordinary General Meeting With Ordinary And Special Businesses And Ordinary And Special Resolutions with Companies (Postal Ballot) Regulations, 2018
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Guide on the use of Artificial Intelligence-based tools by lawyers and law fi...Massimo Talia
This guide aims to provide information on how lawyers will be able to use the opportunities provided by AI tools and how such tools could help the business processes of small firms. Its objective is to provide lawyers with some background to understand what they can and cannot realistically expect from these products. This guide aims to give a reference point for small law practices in the EU
against which they can evaluate those classes of AI applications that are probably the most relevant for them.
Matthew Professional CV experienced Government LiaisonMattGardner52
As an experienced Government Liaison, I have demonstrated expertise in Corporate Governance. My skill set includes senior-level management in Contract Management, Legal Support, and Diplomatic Relations. I have also gained proficiency as a Corporate Liaison, utilizing my strong background in accounting, finance, and legal, with a Bachelor's degree (B.A.) from California State University. My Administrative Skills further strengthen my ability to contribute to the growth and success of any organization.
Defending Weapons Offence Charges: Role of Mississauga Criminal Defence LawyersHarpreetSaini48
Discover how Mississauga criminal defence lawyers defend clients facing weapon offence charges with expert legal guidance and courtroom representation.
To know more visit: https://www.saini-law.com/
Genocide in International Criminal Law.pptxMasoudZamani13
Excited to share insights from my recent presentation on genocide! 💡 In light of ongoing debates, it's crucial to delve into the nuances of this grave crime.
सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने यह भी माना था कि मजिस्ट्रेट का यह कर्तव्य है कि वह सुनिश्चित करे कि अधिकारी पीएमएलए के तहत निर्धारित प्रक्रिया के साथ-साथ संवैधानिक सुरक्षा उपायों का भी उचित रूप से पालन करें।
Lifting the Corporate Veil. Power Point Presentationseri bangash
"Lifting the Corporate Veil" is a legal concept that refers to the judicial act of disregarding the separate legal personality of a corporation or limited liability company (LLC). Normally, a corporation is considered a legal entity separate from its shareholders or members, meaning that the personal assets of shareholders or members are protected from the liabilities of the corporation. However, there are certain situations where courts may decide to "pierce" or "lift" the corporate veil, holding shareholders or members personally liable for the debts or actions of the corporation.
Here are some common scenarios in which courts might lift the corporate veil:
Fraud or Illegality: If shareholders or members use the corporate structure to perpetrate fraud, evade legal obligations, or engage in illegal activities, courts may disregard the corporate entity and hold those individuals personally liable.
Undercapitalization: If a corporation is formed with insufficient capital to conduct its intended business and meet its foreseeable liabilities, and this lack of capitalization results in harm to creditors or other parties, courts may lift the corporate veil to hold shareholders or members liable.
Failure to Observe Corporate Formalities: Corporations and LLCs are required to observe certain formalities, such as holding regular meetings, maintaining separate financial records, and avoiding commingling of personal and corporate assets. If these formalities are not observed and the corporate structure is used as a mere façade, courts may disregard the corporate entity.
Alter Ego: If there is such a unity of interest and ownership between the corporation and its shareholders or members that the separate personalities of the corporation and the individuals no longer exist, courts may treat the corporation as the alter ego of its owners and hold them personally liable.
Group Enterprises: In some cases, where multiple corporations are closely related or form part of a single economic unit, courts may pierce the corporate veil to achieve equity, particularly if one corporation's actions harm creditors or other stakeholders and the corporate structure is being used to shield culpable parties from liability.
What are the common challenges faced by women lawyers working in the legal pr...lawyersonia
The legal profession, which has historically been male-dominated, has experienced a significant increase in the number of women entering the field over the past few decades. Despite this progress, women lawyers continue to encounter various challenges as they strive for top positions.
What are the common challenges faced by women lawyers working in the legal pr...
Pollution in River Ganga
1. Pollution of River Ganga – A Case Study
EVS J Component
By – Rohan Vidwans
16BLB1009
2. INTRODUCTION -
Pollution of the Ganga , the largest river in India, poses significant threats to human health and the
larger environment. Severely polluted with human waste and industrial contaminants, the river
provides water to about 40% of India's population across 11 states, serving an estimated population of
500 million people, which is more than any other river in the world.
Today, the Ganges is considered to be the fifth-most polluted river in the world. Raghubir Singh, an
Indian photographer, has noted that no one in India spoke of the Ganges as being polluted until the late
1970s. However, pollution has been an old and continuous process in the river by the time people were
finally acknowledging its pollution. Stretches of over 600 km (370 mi) were essentially
ecologically dead zones.
A number of initiatives have been undertaken to clean the river, but failed to deliver desired
results. After getting elected, India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi affirmed to work on cleaning the
river and controlling pollution. Subsequently, the Namami Gange project was announced by the
government in the June 2014 budget.[11] An estimated Rs 2,958 Crores (US$460 million) have been
spent until July 2016 in various efforts to clean up the river
3. OBJECTIVES -
• Identify Environmental and Human factors leading to the pollution of the river ganga.
• Analyse the steps taken by the Government of India to curb the pollution of the river since 1986 to 2021
through its various initiatives, policies and plans.
• Rules and Regulations Formulated to prevent pollution in River Ganga.
4. METHODOLOGY -
• The Methodology adopted is “Analytical and Descriptive”.
• The data is gathered from primary sources like journals and secondary data that includes articles, research
papers, websites, news articles, Committee reports etc.
Identifying existing problem at hand and the environmental impact of it Consolidating data and
information collected from primary and secondary Sources Identify and analyse reports etc related to the
subject matter Provide Conclusive idea and recommendation for the issue .
5. CAUSES OF POLLUTION OF THE RIVER GANGA -
• A tremendous amount of sewage that is majorly untreated is disposed of in the river on a day-to-day basis.
• Large numbers of textile industries, slaughterhouses, hospitals, distilleries, and chemical plants dispose of their
untreated waste into the river.
• Cutting off the natural flow of the river, dams are responsible for the pollution of Ganga as well.
• The tremendous amount of fertilizers that are used continuously gets flown into the Ganga along with the
rainwater causing hazards to the aquatic organisms.
• Being a river that is worshipped by people belonging to a larger religious group, every year, countless people
dispose of the ashes of their dead ones into the river
6. EFFECTS AND IMPACT OF THE CAUSES OF POLLUTION IN THE RIVER GANGA -
Today, over 29 cities, 70 towns, and thousands of villages extend along the Ganga banks. Nearly all of their
sewage -over 1.3 billion liters per day - goes directly into the river, along with thousands of animal carcasses,
mainly cattle. Another 260 million liters of industrial waste are added to this by hundreds of factories along the
rivers banks. Municipal sewage constitutes 80 per cent by volume of the total waste dumped into the Ganga, and
industries contribute about 15 percent.
The majority of the Ganga pollution is organic waste, sewage, trash, food, and human and animal remains. Over
the past century, city populations along the Ganga have grown at a tremendous rate, while waste-control
infrastructure has remained relatively unchanged. Recent water samples collected in Varanasi revealed faecal coli
form counts of about 50,000 bacteria per 100 milliliters of water, 10,000% higher than the government standard for
safe river bathing.
The result of this pollution is an array of water-borne diseases including cholera, hepatitis, typhoid and amoebic
dysentery. An estimated 80% of all health problems and one-third of deaths in India are attributable to water-borne
diseases. The pollutants include oils, greases, plastics, plasticizers, metallic wastes, suspended solids, phenols,
toxins, acids, salts, dyes, cyanides, pesticides etc.
Many of these pollutants are not easily susceptible to degradation and thus cause serious pollution problems.
Contamination of ground water and fish-kill episodes are the major effects of the toxic discharges from industries.
Discharge of untreated sewage and industrial effluents leads to number of conspicuous effects on the river
environment.
The impact involves gross changes in water quality viz reduction in dissolved oxygen and reduction in light
penetration that tends to loss in self purification capability of river water. Farakka Barrage has also resulted in
occupational displacement of the fisher people in both upstream and downstream. For a long time fisher people in
Bihar have been protesting against the barrage as this has hindered the natural migration of valuable fishes from
the sea, especially Hilsa, a delicacy.
8. REVIEW OF LITERATURE -
• Potential Impacts of Climate and Land Use Change on the Water Quality of Ganga River around the Industrialized Kanpur Region (Sneha
Santy, Pradeep Mujumdar & Govindasamy Bala) –
The heavily industrialized Kanpur region is the most polluted stretch of the Ganga river because of excessive pollutant discharge from the
industries. Agricultural runoff along with climate change further adds to the pollution risk in this industrialized stretch of Ganga. In this paper,
we analyze the potential impacts of climate change and land use change on the water quality in this stretch under hypothetical scenarios using
the water quality model, QUAL2K. Water quality indicators of Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand, ammonia, nitrate, total
nitrogen, organic-, inorganic- and total phosphorous and faecal coliform are assessed for eight climate change and six land use land cover
scenarios. Eutrophic conditions are observed in this stretch of the river for all scenarios, implying severe impacts on aquatic life. DO is
identified as the most sensitive indicator to the climate change scenarios considered, while nutrients and faecal coliform are more sensitive to
the land use scenarios. Increase in agricultural land area leads to larger nutrient concentration while increase in built-up area causes an increase
in faecal coliform concentration
• .Pollution of the Ganga due to Human Intervention – A case Study (Taran Preet Singh and Diksha Gupta)
• Pollution of River Ganga, Case Study By Navnit – Legal Opinion observed Via Case litigated in various courts across the Country
Pollution of the Ganges (or Ganga), the largest river in India, poses significant threats to human health and the larger environment. Severely
polluted with human waste and industrial contaminants, the river provides water to about 40% of India's population across 11 states, serving an
estimated population of 500 million people which is more than any other river in the world.
Today, the Ganges is considered to be the sixth-most polluted river in the world. Raghubir Singh, an Indian photographer, has noted that no one
in India spoke of the Ganges as polluted until the late 1970s. However, pollution has been an old and continuous process in the river as by the
time people were finally speaking of the Ganges as polluted, stretches of over six hundred kilometers were essentially ecologically dead zones.
9. Remedial or Control Measures for Pollution in River Ganga -
• Ganga Mahasabha –
Ganga Mahasabha is an Indian organization dedicated to the Ganges, founded by Madan Mohan Malaviya in
1905. After a long struggle, British India agreed on 5 November 1914 that the uninterrupted flow of the Ganges is
the rudimentary right of Hindu believers. The day is known as a 'Aviral Ganga Samjhauta Divas' (Uninterrupted
Ganga flow agreement day) in the history of India and the agreement came into existence on 19 December 1916
which is known as Agreement of 1916. The sanctity of the agreement is not preserved by the state and central
governments of India after independence though it is legally valid. More and more river water is diverted for
irrigation use converting the river into a polluted sewer.
• Ganges Action Plan –
The Ganges Action Plan (GAP) was launched by Rajiv Gandhi, the then Prime Minister of India, on June 1986
with covering 25 Class I towns (6 in Uttar Pradesh, 4 in Bihar and 15 in West Bengal); Rs 862.59 crore were
spent. Its main objective was to improve the water quality by the interception, diversion, and treatment of
domestic sewage and to prevent toxic and industrial chemical wastes from identified polluting units from entering
the river. The other objectives of the GAP are as follows-
10. Remedial or Control Measures for Pollution in River Ganga -
1. Control of non-point from human defecation, cattle wallowing, and the disposal of human remains in the river.
2. Research and development to conserve the biotic diversity of the river to augment its productivity.
3. Development of sewage treatment technology such as Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) and
sewage treatment through afforestation.
4. Rehabilitation of soft-shelled turtles for pollution abatement.
5. Resource recovery options such as methane production for energy generation and use of aquaculture for
revenue generation.
6. To act as a trendsetter for taking up similar action plans in other grossly polluted stretches in other rivers.
7. The ultimate objective of the GAP is to have an approach of integrated river basin management considering
the various dynamic interactions between abiotic and biotic eco-system.
• National River Ganga Basin Authority (NRGBA)-
NRGBA was established by the Central Government of India, on 20 February 2009 under Section 3 of the
Environment Protection Act, 1986. It declared the Ganges as the "National River" of India. The chair includes
the Prime Minister of India and chief ministers of states through which the Ganges flows. In 2011, the World
Bank approved $1 billion in funding for the National Ganges River Basin Authority.
11. Remedial or Control Measures for Pollution in River Ganga -
• Namami Gange Programme –
In the budget tabled in Parliament on 10 July 2014, the Union Finance Minister Arun Jaitley announced an
integrated Ganges development project titled 'Namami Gange' (meaning 'Obeisance to the Ganges river') and
allocated ₹2,037 crore for this purpose. The objectives were effective abatement of pollution, conservation, and
rejuvenation of the Ganges. Under the project, 8 states are covered. Ministry of Drinking Water Supply and
Sanitation proposes to make 1,674 gram panchayats by the Ganges open defecation-free by 2022, at a cost of Rs
1,700 cr (central share). An estimated Rs 2,958 Crores (US$460 million) have been spent till July 2016 in various
efforts in cleaning up of the river.
As a part of the program, government of India ordered the shut down of 48 industrial units around the Ganges.
The program has a budget outlay of Rs. 20,000 crore for the next five years. This is a significant five-fold
increase over the expenditure in the past 30 years (Government of India incurred an overall expenditure of
approximately Rs. 4000 crore on this task since 1985). The center will now take over 100% funding of various
activities/ projects under this program. Taking a leaf from the unsatisfactory results of the earlier Ganges Action
Plans, the center now plans to provide for operation and maintenance of the assets for a minimum 10-year period,
and adopt a PPP/SPV approach for pollution hotspots.
12. Remedial or Control Measures for Pollution in River Ganga -
• The main pillars of Namami Gange Programme are:
1. Sewerage Treatment Infrastructure
2. River-Front Development
3. River-Surface Cleaning
4. Bio-Diversity
5. Afforestation
6. Public Awareness
7. Industrial Effluent Monitoring
8. Ganga Gram
• Clean Ganga Fund -
The Union Cabinet gave its approval for setting up of Clean Ganga Fund in September 2014 with the aim of using the collection for
various activities under the Namami Gange programme for cleaning the Ganges.
• Utilization of funds
• Cleaning up of the Ganges
• Setting up of waste treatment plants
• Conservation of biotic diversity of the river
• Development of public amenities
• Activities such as Ghat redevelopment and Research and Development and innovative projects.
13. Rules and Regulations to be followed to prevent Pollution in River Ganga -
• Water Prevention and Control of Pollution Act, 1974:
The main objective of this Act is to provide for the prevention of water pollution and to take care and maintain the
water bodies. It also aims for promotion for restoration of water bodies. For better implementation of the Act, the
Central Pollution Control Board and the State Pollution Control Board have been established by the Central and
the State Government respectively. Under the Act, the board has the power to encourage and conduct research and
investigation with a view of promoting, the prevention of contamination of water in a significant manner and also
to advise the Central Government for the matters relating to environmental issues and for the prevention and
control of water pollution.
• The Water Prevention and Control of Pollution Cess Act, 2003:
Waste coming out from industries are one of the prime causes of the of water pollution. The waste from the
industries is being disposed of into the rivers which pollute the river at a large scale. According to Section 2 of
this Act, industries include any operation or process or sewage or disposal treatment or any industrial effluent.
Section 3 of this Act provides an exemption to industries from levying cess on those industries, which consume
water below the specified limit. Water gets polluted through the toxic or non-biodegradable substances when the
processing of these materials is being done in any industry, and such industries are required to pay cess under this
law.
14. Rules and Regulations to be followed to prevent Pollution in River Ganga -
• The Indian Penal Code:
The provisions have been laid down Under the Indian criminal law to punish the person who commits an
offence in contravention to the Code. Section 277 of the Code provides for the punishment to be given to the
person who commits an offence of fouling of a public reservoir or a public spring voluntarily shall be liable to
be punished with imprisonment of three months or with a fine of 500 Rupees or with both.
The explanation of this situation can be given through an illustration. A, a resident of Chandigarh, goes near a
reservoir and voluntarily puts a toxic substance with an intention to cause harm to the environment and in
consideration pollutes the water. The reservoir was fit for public use before, but after the Act of A, the
reservoir became unfit for the utilization of the public. Therefore, A was being held liable for the offence under
Section 277 of the IPC, and he was punished with imprisonment of up to three months and a fine of Rupees
500.
• The River Boards Act, 1956:
This act aimed to the establishment of rivers and the regulation of interstate water disputes. The Act gives the
power to the State Government to establish Boards by issuing a special notification. The object of this Act is to
resolve and regulate the inter-state water disputes. Article 262 of the Constitution of India gives the power to
the Union to establish and adjudicate the inter-state water disputes prevailing in the country. Through this Act,
awards and tribunals were being formulated to regulate the interstate dispute prevailing in a particular country
15. Rules and Regulations to be followed to prevent Pollution in River Ganga -
• Right to Clean Water:
The Indian Judiciary has initiated a positive step for the controlling of pollution of water. Under the Indian
Constitution, the judiciary has given a liberal interpretation to Article 21 of the Constitution of India and included
the right to clean water and environment under the ambit of Article 21, Article 48, Article 51(g) of the Constitution
of India. Various judicial decisions throughout the history of Fundamental Rights have paved a way to the broad
concept of Right to Life.
16. Conclusion -
River or water is the most important thing one needs for his livelihood and no life is possible without water and
underground waters and rivers are the main source of fresh water that can be used by plants and animals. We can
dee that at many places the underground water is very less or about to finish.
The population living there don't have enough water for their livelihood and for basic needs of their life. Hence,
they are moving towards river which is their only option and if the river water will also be polluted and poisonous
then there will be no choice left for the human beings as well as plants and animals. Also, many plants and animals
are dying daily because of that toxic and poisonous water.
The need of the hour is to look at the threat on river life more realistically, more comprehensively, and above all,
with an eye on future. A scenario build-up for the future will help the decision makers to arrive at a realistic
strategy to address the problem. A system of review and the will to do course corrections as and when needed will
help the country to save itself for the disaster looming large.
We need to understand the importance of water for us and for our future generation and that it is needed to be
conserved and cleaned. Only considering rivers as Holy will not help us in making it pollution free, but we also
need to treat it as a Holy or religious faith by not doing all those things that are making it polluted or poisonous.