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परागण (Pollination): परागकणों (Pollengrains) के परागकोष (Anther) से मुक्त होकर उसी जाति के पौधे के जायांग (Gynoecium) के वर्तिकाग्र (stigma) तक पहुँचने की क्रिया को परागण कहते हैं। परागण के प्रकार Type of Pollination: परागण दो प्रकार के होते हैं- स्वपरागण (self Pollination): जब एक पुष्प के परागकण उसी पुष्प के वर्तिकाग्र पर या उसी पौधे पर स्थित किसी अन्य पुष्प के वर्तिकाग्र पर पहुँचता है, तो इसे स्वपरागण कहते हैं। पर-परागण (Cross pollination): जब एक पुष्प का परागकण उसी जाति के दूसरे पौधे पर स्थित पुष्प के वर्तिकाग्र पर पहुँचता है, तो उसे पर-परागण कहते हैं। पर-परागण कई माध्यमों से होता है। पर परागण पौधों के लिए उपयोगी होता है। पर-परागण के लिए किसी माध्यम की आवश्यकता होती है। वायु, कीट, जल या जन्तु इस आवश्यकता की पूर्ति करते हैं। परागण की विधियां (Methods of pollination): परागण की निम्नलिखित विधियां हैं– वायु परागण (Anemophilous): वायु द्वारा परागण कीट परागण (Entomophilous): कीट द्वारा परागण जल परागण (Hydrophilous): जल द्वारा परागण जन्तु परागण (zoophilous): जन्तु द्वारा परागण पक्षी परागण (Ornithophilous): पक्षियों द्वारा परागण मेलेकोफिलस (Malacophilous): घोंघे द्वारा परागण चिरोप्टोफिलस (Chiroptophilous): चमगादड़ द्वारा परागण निषेचन (Fertilization): परागण के पश्चात निषेचन की क्रिया प्रारम्भ होती है। परागनली (Pollen tube) बीजाण्ड (ovule) में प्रवेश करके बीजाण्डासन को भेदती हुई भ्रूणपोष (Endosperm) तक पहुँचती है और परागकणों को वहीं छोड़ देती है। इसके पश्चात् एक नर युग्मक एक अण्डकोशिका से संयोजन करता है। इसे ही निषेचन कहते हैं। अब निषेचित अण्ड (Fertilized egg) युग्मनज (zygote) कहलाता है। यह युग्मनज बीजाणुभिद की प्रथम इकाई है। निषेचन के पश्चात बीजाण्ड से बीज, युग्मनज से भ्रूण (embryo) तथा अण्डाशय से फल का निर्माण होता है। आवृत्तबीजी पौधों (Angiospermic plants) में निषेचन को त्रिक संलयन (Triple fusion) कहते हैं।

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पुष्प Flowers पुष्पीय पौधों में पुष्प एक अत्यन्त महत्त्वपूर्ण अंग है। आकारकीय (Morphological) रूप से पुष्प एक रूपान्तरित प्ररोह (स्तम्भ) है जिस पर गाँठे तथा रूपान्तरित पुष्पी पत्तियाँ लगी रहती हैं। पुष्प प्रायः तने या शाखाओं के शीर्ष अथवा पत्ती के अक्ष (Axil) में उत्पन्न होकर प्रजनन (Reproduction) का कार्य करती है तथा फल एवं बीज उत्पन्न करता है। पुष्प की रचना: पुष्प एक डंठल द्वारा तने से सम्बद्ध होता है। इस डंठल को वृन्त या पेडिसेल (Pedicel) कहते हैं। वृन्त के सिरे पर स्थित चपटे भाग को पुष्पासन या थेलामस (Thalamus) कहते हैं। इसी पुष्पासन पर पुष्प के विविध पुष्पीय भाग (Floral Parts) एक विशेष प्रकार के चक्र (Cycle) में व्यवस्थित होते हैं। पुष्प के चार मुख्य भाग होते हैं- बाह्य दलपुंज (Calyx), दलपुंज (Corolla), पुमंग (Androecium) जायांग (Gynoecium)

$Flower \ morphology of plant \flower structure and functions$ $Flower \ morphology of plant \flower structure and functions$

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Plant Root | Types of roots |Modifications of roots #plantroot #typesofplantroot #modificationsofplantroot in this ppt we will learn about plant root, types of plant root, modifications of plant root. #Root #Taproot #Adventitiousroot #Chracteristicsofroot #modificationsoftaproot #Fusiform #Conical #Napiform #Pneumataphore #Modificationsofadventitiousroots #Tuberousroots #Fasciculatedroots #Noduloseroots #Moniliformroots #Proproots #stiltroots #Climbingroots #Suckingroots #Respiratoryroots #Assimilatoryroots #Functionsofroot #plant roots #plant #plants #plantroot #root #root #plants #rootsinplant #roots #healthyplantroots #rootsofplants #roots in plants #rootcap #don'tmemoriserootsofplants #rootsystem #plantrootingpowder #plantgrowing #tropicalplants #plantcare #plantsoil #indoorplants #plantnutrients #planthealth #plantcloning #rootinghormonesforplants #plantcuttings #rootstructure #betterplants #planttimelapse #roothairs #healthyplants #plantmorphology #roothealth #wateringplants #rootdisease #fibrousroot

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