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Asma & ppok
- 1. 1 DIAGNOSIS DAN PENATALAKSAAN PPOK &ASMA Abdul Rahman RSUD BANTEN
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- 28. Beban Global ASMA Asthmais one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide with an estimated 300 million affected individuals Prevalence is increasing in many countries, especially in children Asthma is a major cause of school and work absence Health care expenditure on asthma is very high 28
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- 68. 26/10/2009 68 TATALAKSANA DIKLINIK / PKM
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- 82. T H AN KT H A N K Y O UY O U
- 83. 26/10/2009 83 COPD Chronic obstructivepulmonary disease is a slowly progressive disease that is characterized by a gradual loss of lung function COPD includes chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive bronchitis, or emphysema, or combinations of these conditions
- 84. 26/10/2009 84 Epidemiology 20.3 millionAmericans report having asthma 5,000 deaths annually from asthma 12.1 million Americans reported being diagnosed with COPD 119,000 deaths annually from COPD COPD is the 4th leading cause of death in the U.S.
- 85. 26/10/2009 85 Chronic Bronchitis Inflammationof the main airway passages (bronchi) to the lungs, which results in the production of excess mucous, a reduction in the amount of airflow in and out of the lungs, and shortness of breath
- 86. 26/10/2009 86 Emphysema A respiratory disease characterizedby breathlessness brought on by the enlargement, or over-inflation of, the air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs
- 87. 26/10/2009 87 Signs andsymptoms Wheezing Coughing Sputum production Shortness of breath Chest tightness
- 88. 26/10/2009 88 Diagnosis Clinical symptoms Chestx-ray Lung function tests ABGs
- 89. 26/10/2009 89 Nursing diagnosis Ineffectiveairway clearance r/t secretions Impaired gas exchange r/t altered supply O2 Altered health maintenance r/t ineffective individual coping Risk for infection r/t inadequate defense system Knowledge deficit of COPD Altered role performance r/t changes in role
- 90. 26/10/2009 90 Nursing DX Ineffectivebreathing pattern r/t musculoskeletal impairment , decreased energy Inability to sustain spontaneous ventilation r/t muscle fatigue Activity intolerance r/t imbalance of O2 supply
- 91. 26/10/2009 91 Clinical Featuresof COPD Patients Mild COPD: no abnormal signs, smokers cough, little or no breathlessness Moderate COPD: breathlessness with/without wheezing, cough with/without sputum Severe COPD: breathlessness on any exertion/at rest, wheeze and cough prominent, lung inflation usual, cyanosis, peripheral edema, and polycythemia in advanced disease
- 92. 26/10/2009 92 Diagnosis Spirometry Breathing testwhich measures the amount and rate at which air can pass through the airways Bronchodilator Reversibility Testing Relaxing tightened muscles around the airways and opening up airways quickly to ease breathing Other pulmonary function testing Diffusion capacity Chest X-ray Arterial Blood Gas Shows oxygen level in blood
- 93. 26/10/2009 93 Medical Managementof COPD Patient Smoking cessation and elimination of environmental pollutants Palliative measure such as regular exercise, good nutrition, flu and pneumonia vaccines Bronchodilators, corticosteroids, anticholinergics, and NSAIDs
- 94. 26/10/2009 94 Management ofCOPD Patient Review history for concurrent heart disease Avoid treatment if upper respiratory tract infection is present Treat in upright position Avoid rubber dam in severe cases Use pulse oximetry (if pulse ox <91%, use low flow 2- 3L/min) Avoid Nitrous oxide/oxygen in severe cases Avoid barbiturates, narcotics, antihistamines, and anticholinergics If patient is on steroid regimen, supplement as needed Drug interactions with COPD medication