Ascent of sap- Transpiration pull theory, Transpiration-Types of transpiration, mechanism of transpiration-Starch sugar interconversion theory and Potassium pump theory
Students able to understand that who helps to transport in plants, Mechanism of transport in plants, physical forces involved in transport, Behavior with different solutions.
Students able to understand that who helps to transport in plants, Mechanism of transport in plants, physical forces involved in transport, Behavior with different solutions.
Everything about photoperiodism from scratch to smart, from the oldest models to the latest models as well as proposed one, exclusive and elusive illustrations and models for proper understanding
Plants have adaptations to help them survive (live and grow) in different areas. Adaptations are special features that allow a plant or animal to live in a particular place or habitat. These adaptations might make it very difficult for the plant to survive in a different place.
This explains why certain plants are found in one area, but not in another. For example, you wouldn't see a cactus living in the Arctic. Nor would you see lots of really tall trees living in grasslands.
This presentation focuses on anatomical adaptations of three major types of plants: Hydrophytes, mesophytes and xerophytes.
Everything about photoperiodism from scratch to smart, from the oldest models to the latest models as well as proposed one, exclusive and elusive illustrations and models for proper understanding
Plants have adaptations to help them survive (live and grow) in different areas. Adaptations are special features that allow a plant or animal to live in a particular place or habitat. These adaptations might make it very difficult for the plant to survive in a different place.
This explains why certain plants are found in one area, but not in another. For example, you wouldn't see a cactus living in the Arctic. Nor would you see lots of really tall trees living in grasslands.
This presentation focuses on anatomical adaptations of three major types of plants: Hydrophytes, mesophytes and xerophytes.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
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Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
1. Ascent of sap and transpiration
Dhole N. A.
Department of Botany,
Digambarrao Bindu ACS College, Bhokar
2. Ascent of SAP:
• The water is absorbed by the roots and whish is distributed to all parts of the plant body
through the conducting strands.
• This movement of water, from base of the stem to apex of the plant. This upward
movement of water from base to apex of the plant is called as Ascent of Sap.
• Some of the plant grow up to 100 to 200 feet or more.
Path of ascent of sap:
The path of movement of water in plant is xylem.
Mechanism of ascent of sap:
Various theories have been proposed by many persons to explain the mechanism of ascent
of sap
1. Vital theory
2. Root pressure theory
3. Physical force theory
4. Transpiration pull theory
3. Transpiration pull theory:
Transpiration Pull Theory was first proposed by Dixon and Joly (1894) .
This theory is based on following points:
1. Cohesive and Adhesive properties of water molecules to form a continuous
water column in the xylem.
2. Transpiration pull exerted on this water column.
4.
5. • The walls of mesophyll cells in leaf lose water vapour through stomata and
cuticular transpiration.
• Sufficient quantity of water is transpired through intercellular spaces of the
mesophyll cells.
• This is because the dry air outside the leaf has lower water potential than the
moist air of leaf.
• As a result, water diffuses out of stomata and diffusion pressure deficit (DPD)
increases.
• As a result, water is sucked from adjoining mesophyll cells and ultimately from
vascular tissue. This tension is transmitted to the roots.
• The molecules of water show cohesion and molecules of water & vessel wall
show adhesion. Because of cohesive and adhesive forces, water column does not
break and water is pulled upward by the force called as transpiration pull.
6. Transpiration:
• The loss of water in the form of water vapors from the aerial parts of the plant is
called as transpirations.
• The large amount of water absorbed by roots, only 2-3% water utilized for
metabolism and remaining 97-98% water is evaporated through transpiration.
Types of Transpiration:
1. Stomatal transpirations
2. Cuticular transpirations
3. Lenticular transpirations
8. 1. Stomatal transpiration:
• Transpiration that occurs through
stomata called stomatal
transpiration. This type of
transpiration only occurs in its
presence of sunlight (in daytime).
Because stomata open in the
sunlight and close in
the darkness. In this method
plants give out 80-90% water in
the form of vapor.
9.
10. 2. Cuticular transpiration:
Transpiration that occurs
through the cuticle or cracks of
thin cuticle layer of leaves and
stems is said to be cuticular
transpiration. This is a day-night
process. In this process, 5-10%
water is given out in the form of
vapor.
11. 3. Lenticular transpiration:
Sometimes transpiration occurs
through lenticels, the small
opening in the corky tissue of
covering stems, and
this type of transpiration is said
to be the lenticular
transpiration. In this process,
only 0.1% water is evaporated or water lost.
15. Different theories for opening and closing of stomata:
1. Starch-Sugar inter conversion theory
2. Potassium pump theory
1. Starch-Sugar inter conversion theory:
Scarth (1932)
As per this theory, inter conversion of starch and sugar is because of change in
pH of guard cells.
17. 2. Potassium pump theory:
Levitt (1974)
The entry of potassium ion has role in the opening and closing of stomata.
18. Significance of transpiration:
• It creates suction force and help in the ascent of sap.
• It affect the diffusion pressure deficit, thereby indirectly helping diffusion process through
the cells.
• It affects the absorption of water & minerals by roots.
• It helps in evaporating excess amount of water.
• It helps translocation of food from one portion of the plant to the other.
• It maintains a suitable temperature for the leaves.
• It brings about the opening and closing of stomata which indirectly influence the process
of photosynthesis and respiration.