Ascariasis, or roundworm infection, is caused by the nematode Ascaris lumbricoides. It is one of the most common helminthic infections worldwide, affecting an estimated 1-1.2 billion people, primarily children in warm, moist climates. While often asymptomatic, ascariasis can cause growth retardation, pneumonia, intestinal obstruction and other issues. Diagnosis is made via stool examination for eggs. Treatment involves deworming medications like albendazole. Prevention focuses on community education and sanitation programs to reduce transmission.
Pseudomonas is a type of bacteria that can cause infections. Pseudomonas is a common genus of bacteria, which can create infections in the body under certain circumstances. There are many different types of Pseudomonas bacteria
Pseudomonas is a type of bacteria that can cause infections. Pseudomonas is a common genus of bacteria, which can create infections in the body under certain circumstances. There are many different types of Pseudomonas bacteria
Gnotobiosis (from Greek roots gnostos "known" and bios "life") refers to an engineered state of an organism in which all forms of life (i.e., microorganisms) in or on it, including its microbiota, have been identified.[1] The term gnotobiotic organism, or gnotobiote, can refer to a model organism that is colonized with a specific community of known microorganisms (isobiotic or defined flora animal) or that contains no microorganisms (germ-free) often for experimental purposes.[2][3][4][5] The study of gnotobiosis and the generation of various types of gnotobiotic model organisms as tools for studying interactions between host organisms and microorganisms is referred to as gnotobiology.
Gnotobiotics is the scientific study of animals or other organisms that are raised in germ free environments or ones that contain only specifically known germs. The gnotobiotic laboratory animal is potentially a very valuable tool for investigating any suspected interaction between the host and its associated microflora or between different components of that flora. However, like many other good ideas, the production of gnotobiotes is simple in concept but complicated in execution. In the early stages the greatest obstacles to the general use of germ free animals were the expense and the restricted amount of space that could be maintained free from contaminants. Nowadays, with modern isolators and facilities it is easier to produce gnotobiotic animals at relatively modest price.
Gnotobiotic animals or Gnotobiote are an animal stock or strain in which only certain known strains of bacteria and other microorganisms are present. Technically the term also includes germ free animals as the status of their microbial communities is also known (Reyniers, 1959). Gnotobiotic animals are derived by aseptic hysterotomy or hysterectomy, embryo transfer or sterile hatching of eggs and are continuously maintained using aseptic technique where the microbial status of the animal is fully defined; includes both germ free and defined flora animals. Animals reared in a gnotobiotic colony are devoid of normal flora, has poorly developed immune systems, lower cardiac output, thin intestinal walls, low antibody titers low metabolism rate and high susceptibility to infectious pathogens (Wostmann et al., 1996). Lower amounts of serum gamma globulins have been observed in germ free animals of several species and the quantity increases on association with microorganisms. Nuttall and Thierfelder are considered pioneers of gnotobiotics and germ free research. Germ free mice have adapted anatomically and physiologically to life without microbes
The gnotobiotic principles used in the production of infection free laboratory animals evolved from the efforts to rear and study animals in the absence of microbes or in association with one or more pure cultures of microbes . The gnotobiotic animal is potentially a very valuable tool for Scientitist.
LUMEN DWELLING FLAGELLATES - GIARDIA
REFS:
INTERNATIONALLY ACCEPTED BOOK OF MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY BY K. D. CHATTERJEE
TEXT BOOK OF MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY BY PANIKER
IMAGE SOURCES : FROM INTERNET
Various Plant Diseases Caused by Xanthomonas Speciesijtsrd
Xanthomonas is a Gram negative, aerobic, short rod shaped bacterium belonging to the family Pseudomonadaceae. This genus includes several pathovars, which are mainly plant pathogens. Extracellular proteases, and Type II secretion systems chiefly help these bacteria in colonizing the host plant. It produces a characteristic yellow pigment, xanthomonadin, which often is used as a chemotaxonomic and diagnostic marker of this genus. Xanthan gum produced by Xanthomonas is commercially important. It is an important additive in the food industry. Recently, Xanthomonas was also observed to undergo programmed cell death PCD , the morphological and biochemical features of which closely resemble eukaryotic PCD. The determination of the genus Xanthomonas and its species is relatively easy, however, the characterization of X. campestris pathovars poses problems. An unambiguous identification of the pathovars of X. campestris can be of great use in plant pathology. The X. campestris pathovars that are defined by the host or disease symptoms are difficult to identify by other phenotypic characteristics. X. campestris group is the largest of all and causes diseases in many plant species. It is, therefore, classified into pathovars differentiated by the host reaction. However, application of the newer techniques of classification has been useful. A relationship of nutritional properties, host specificity and DNA homology groups has been observed. Genetic diversity among the strains of different pathovars of X. campestris has also been studied for a number of pathovars. It is believed that the variability could be more pronounced in the regions where the host plant originated. Ribosomal RNA and DNA probes could be useful tools for the epidemiological studies and in following the genetic evolution of the strains. Dr. Dilip Kumar Sharma "Various Plant Diseases Caused by Xanthomonas Species" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd51977.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/51977/various-plant-diseases-caused-by-xanthomonas-species/dr-dilip-kumar-sharma
Taeniasis is the intestinal infection with adult tapeworms. It is a mild disease, but of significant public health importance as it plays a crucial role in the transmission of cysticercosis, a serious health implication of taeniasis in men. Cysticercosis is the infection with the larval stages (cysticerci) of the tapeworm inside the body, cysticerci can develop in a number of tissues, those that are located in the central nervous system cause neurocysticercosis, the most severe form of this disease. Other health implications of this endemic disease are appendicitis, dizziness, constipation, and diarrhoea. This endemic and neglected tropical disease can be diagnosed by direct faecal smear, brine floatation techniques, cellophane tape technique, biopsy of subcutaneous nodules, x-ray, CT scan or MRI are used to diagnose the brain type of cysticercosis and ophthalmoscope examination for the ocular form. However, there are several treatment options for the disease, ranging from anti-helminthic therapies, surgery and lifestyle modification programmes.
Gnotobiosis (from Greek roots gnostos "known" and bios "life") refers to an engineered state of an organism in which all forms of life (i.e., microorganisms) in or on it, including its microbiota, have been identified.[1] The term gnotobiotic organism, or gnotobiote, can refer to a model organism that is colonized with a specific community of known microorganisms (isobiotic or defined flora animal) or that contains no microorganisms (germ-free) often for experimental purposes.[2][3][4][5] The study of gnotobiosis and the generation of various types of gnotobiotic model organisms as tools for studying interactions between host organisms and microorganisms is referred to as gnotobiology.
Gnotobiotics is the scientific study of animals or other organisms that are raised in germ free environments or ones that contain only specifically known germs. The gnotobiotic laboratory animal is potentially a very valuable tool for investigating any suspected interaction between the host and its associated microflora or between different components of that flora. However, like many other good ideas, the production of gnotobiotes is simple in concept but complicated in execution. In the early stages the greatest obstacles to the general use of germ free animals were the expense and the restricted amount of space that could be maintained free from contaminants. Nowadays, with modern isolators and facilities it is easier to produce gnotobiotic animals at relatively modest price.
Gnotobiotic animals or Gnotobiote are an animal stock or strain in which only certain known strains of bacteria and other microorganisms are present. Technically the term also includes germ free animals as the status of their microbial communities is also known (Reyniers, 1959). Gnotobiotic animals are derived by aseptic hysterotomy or hysterectomy, embryo transfer or sterile hatching of eggs and are continuously maintained using aseptic technique where the microbial status of the animal is fully defined; includes both germ free and defined flora animals. Animals reared in a gnotobiotic colony are devoid of normal flora, has poorly developed immune systems, lower cardiac output, thin intestinal walls, low antibody titers low metabolism rate and high susceptibility to infectious pathogens (Wostmann et al., 1996). Lower amounts of serum gamma globulins have been observed in germ free animals of several species and the quantity increases on association with microorganisms. Nuttall and Thierfelder are considered pioneers of gnotobiotics and germ free research. Germ free mice have adapted anatomically and physiologically to life without microbes
The gnotobiotic principles used in the production of infection free laboratory animals evolved from the efforts to rear and study animals in the absence of microbes or in association with one or more pure cultures of microbes . The gnotobiotic animal is potentially a very valuable tool for Scientitist.
LUMEN DWELLING FLAGELLATES - GIARDIA
REFS:
INTERNATIONALLY ACCEPTED BOOK OF MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY BY K. D. CHATTERJEE
TEXT BOOK OF MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY BY PANIKER
IMAGE SOURCES : FROM INTERNET
Various Plant Diseases Caused by Xanthomonas Speciesijtsrd
Xanthomonas is a Gram negative, aerobic, short rod shaped bacterium belonging to the family Pseudomonadaceae. This genus includes several pathovars, which are mainly plant pathogens. Extracellular proteases, and Type II secretion systems chiefly help these bacteria in colonizing the host plant. It produces a characteristic yellow pigment, xanthomonadin, which often is used as a chemotaxonomic and diagnostic marker of this genus. Xanthan gum produced by Xanthomonas is commercially important. It is an important additive in the food industry. Recently, Xanthomonas was also observed to undergo programmed cell death PCD , the morphological and biochemical features of which closely resemble eukaryotic PCD. The determination of the genus Xanthomonas and its species is relatively easy, however, the characterization of X. campestris pathovars poses problems. An unambiguous identification of the pathovars of X. campestris can be of great use in plant pathology. The X. campestris pathovars that are defined by the host or disease symptoms are difficult to identify by other phenotypic characteristics. X. campestris group is the largest of all and causes diseases in many plant species. It is, therefore, classified into pathovars differentiated by the host reaction. However, application of the newer techniques of classification has been useful. A relationship of nutritional properties, host specificity and DNA homology groups has been observed. Genetic diversity among the strains of different pathovars of X. campestris has also been studied for a number of pathovars. It is believed that the variability could be more pronounced in the regions where the host plant originated. Ribosomal RNA and DNA probes could be useful tools for the epidemiological studies and in following the genetic evolution of the strains. Dr. Dilip Kumar Sharma "Various Plant Diseases Caused by Xanthomonas Species" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd51977.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/51977/various-plant-diseases-caused-by-xanthomonas-species/dr-dilip-kumar-sharma
Taeniasis is the intestinal infection with adult tapeworms. It is a mild disease, but of significant public health importance as it plays a crucial role in the transmission of cysticercosis, a serious health implication of taeniasis in men. Cysticercosis is the infection with the larval stages (cysticerci) of the tapeworm inside the body, cysticerci can develop in a number of tissues, those that are located in the central nervous system cause neurocysticercosis, the most severe form of this disease. Other health implications of this endemic disease are appendicitis, dizziness, constipation, and diarrhoea. This endemic and neglected tropical disease can be diagnosed by direct faecal smear, brine floatation techniques, cellophane tape technique, biopsy of subcutaneous nodules, x-ray, CT scan or MRI are used to diagnose the brain type of cysticercosis and ophthalmoscope examination for the ocular form. However, there are several treatment options for the disease, ranging from anti-helminthic therapies, surgery and lifestyle modification programmes.
: Parasitic water pollution in the Nile River (Schistosoma & Giardia lamblia)MenrvaSorial
Causative organism.
Geographical distribution.
Epidemiology & Risk factors.
Mode of Transmission.
Vector (if available).
Habitat.
Life cycle (including infective stage, Diagnostic stage, Final host, Intermediate host and Reservoir).
-According to your lab group assignment topic, you must mention at least two examples (Causative organisms) for the required type of parasitic infection and their prevalence in Egypt. -Then discuss briefly the mentioned examples covering all the following points:
As a pharmacist, how could you identify and confirm a patient with such disease?
(NB: Identification and confirmation include the signs and symptoms and the diagnostic tests in details)
What are the therapeutic options available (suggest a line of treatment).
How can we prevent & control such disease?
Tick-borne parasitic infections are serious problem in the world as the population of ticks is increasing with people building homes in areas where ticks and their host live. Ticks are second to mosquitoes as an excellent vector for vector-borne diseases. There are only two known tick-borne parasitic infections: Babesiosis and Theileriosis. Babesiosis is due to the tick-borne parasites of the Babesia protozoa genus while Theileriosis is caused by Theilerias species which are obligate protozoan parasites. They are both transmitted by the Ixodid ticks. The symptoms of the infection includes lacrimation, nasal discharge, muscle pains etc. Tick-borne parasitic diseases can be prevented by avoiding places where ticks often live and also by using insect repellents.
Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Patients Attended to Alri...CrimsonpublishersCJMI
Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Patients Attended to Alribat University hospital, Khartoum State, Sudan, 2017 by Mohammed HMN in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease
Newcastle Disease: Present status and future challenges for developing countriesSyed Tajamal Naqvi
سید تجمل حسین نقوی
Ashraf, A1. and Shah, M. S.2*
1Department of Wild Life and Fisheries, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
2Animal Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
What Could Cause The Headlights On Your Porsche 911 To Stop WorkingLancer Service
Discover why your Porsche 911 headlights might flicker out unexpectedly. From aging bulbs to electrical gremlins and moisture mishaps, we're delving into the reasons behind the blackout. Stay tuned to illuminate the road ahead and ensure your lights shine bright for safer journeys.
𝘼𝙣𝙩𝙞𝙦𝙪𝙚 𝙋𝙡𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙏𝙧𝙖𝙙𝙚𝙧𝙨 𝙞𝙨 𝙫𝙚𝙧𝙮 𝙛𝙖𝙢𝙤𝙪𝙨 𝙛𝙤𝙧 𝙢𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙛𝙖𝙘𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙞𝙧 𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙙𝙪𝙘𝙩𝙨. 𝙒𝙚 𝙝𝙖𝙫𝙚 𝙖𝙡𝙡 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙥𝙡𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙡𝙚𝙨 𝙪𝙨𝙚𝙙 𝙞𝙣 𝙖𝙪𝙩𝙤𝙢𝙤𝙩𝙞𝙫𝙚 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙖𝙪𝙩𝙤 𝙥𝙖𝙧𝙩𝙨 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙖𝙡𝙡 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙛𝙖𝙢𝙤𝙪𝙨 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙥𝙖𝙣𝙞𝙚𝙨 𝙗𝙪𝙮 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙡𝙚𝙨 𝙛𝙧𝙤𝙢 𝙪𝙨.
Over the 10 years, we have gained a strong foothold in the market due to our range's high quality, competitive prices, and time-lined delivery schedules.
What Are The Immediate Steps To Take When The VW Temperature Light Starts Fla...Import Motorworks
Learn how to respond when the red temperature light flashes in your VW with this presentation. From checking coolant levels to seeking professional help, follow these steps promptly to prevent engine damage and ensure safety on the road.
"Trans Failsafe Prog" on your BMW X5 indicates potential transmission issues requiring immediate action. This safety feature activates in response to abnormalities like low fluid levels, leaks, faulty sensors, electrical or mechanical failures, and overheating.
In this presentation, we have discussed a very important feature of BMW X5 cars… the Comfort Access. Things that can significantly limit its functionality. And things that you can try to restore the functionality of such a convenient feature of your vehicle.
Fleet management these days is next to impossible without connected vehicle solutions. Why? Well, fleet trackers and accompanying connected vehicle management solutions tend to offer quite a few hard-to-ignore benefits to fleet managers and businesses alike. Let’s check them out!
Symptoms like intermittent starting and key recognition errors signal potential problems with your Mercedes’ EIS. Use diagnostic steps like error code checks and spare key tests. Professional diagnosis and solutions like EIS replacement ensure safe driving. Consult a qualified technician for accurate diagnosis and repair.
Learn why monitoring your Mercedes' Exhaust Back Pressure (EBP) sensor is crucial. Understand its role in engine performance and emission reduction. Discover five warning signs of EBP sensor failure, from loss of power to increased emissions. Take action promptly to avoid costly repairs and maintain your Mercedes' reliability and efficiency.
5 Warning Signs Your BMW's Intelligent Battery Sensor Needs AttentionBertini's German Motors
IBS monitors and manages your BMW’s battery performance. If it malfunctions, you will have to deal with an array of electrical issues in your vehicle. Recognize warning signs like dimming headlights, frequent battery replacements, and electrical malfunctions to address potential IBS issues promptly.
What Does the PARKTRONIC Inoperative, See Owner's Manual Message Mean for You...Autohaus Service and Sales
Learn what "PARKTRONIC Inoperative, See Owner's Manual" means for your Mercedes-Benz. This message indicates a malfunction in the parking assistance system, potentially due to sensor issues or electrical faults. Prompt attention is crucial to ensure safety and functionality. Follow steps outlined for diagnosis and repair in the owner's manual.
Ever been troubled by the blinking sign and didn’t know what to do?
Here’s a handy guide to dashboard symbols so that you’ll never be confused again!
Save them for later and save the trouble!
Why Is Your BMW X3 Hood Not Responding To Release CommandsDart Auto
Experiencing difficulty opening your BMW X3's hood? This guide explores potential issues like mechanical obstruction, hood release mechanism failure, electrical problems, and emergency release malfunctions. Troubleshooting tips include basic checks, clearing obstructions, applying pressure, and using the emergency release.
Things to remember while upgrading the brakes of your carjennifermiller8137
Upgrading the brakes of your car? Keep these things in mind before doing so. Additionally, start using an OBD 2 GPS tracker so that you never miss a vehicle maintenance appointment. On top of this, a car GPS tracker will also let you master good driving habits that will let you increase the operational life of your car’s brakes.
1. Ascariasis October 6, 2009 Presented by Melissa Torres Photo extracted from: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/212510
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6. A. lumbricoides Extracted from Soil-transmitted helminth infections: ascariasis, trichuriasis, and hookworm Figure 1: Adult male and female soil-transmitted helminths Extracted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascaris_lumbricoides
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