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This document discusses helminthiasis, which are intestinal infections caused by parasitic worms. It describes the different types of worms that cause helminthiasis, including roundworms, tapeworms, and flukes. The document outlines the typical transmission routes, symptoms, pathological progression, geographic distribution, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of helminthiasis. Areas with poor sanitation and unclean water sources in tropical and subtropical regions have the highest prevalence of these parasitic worm infections.
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2. Helminthic Infections: Caused by parasitic worms including nematodes (roundworms), trematodes (flukes), and cestodes (tapeworms). Examples include Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm), Schistosoma (schistosomiasis), and Taenia solium (tapeworm).
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Geographical distribution.
Epidemiology & Risk factors.
Mode of Transmission.
Vector (if available).
Habitat.
Life cycle (including infective stage, Diagnostic stage, Final host, Intermediate host and Reservoir).
-According to your lab group assignment topic, you must mention at least two examples (Causative organisms) for the required type of parasitic infection and their prevalence in Egypt. -Then discuss briefly the mentioned examples covering all the following points:
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(NB: Identification and confirmation include the signs and symptoms and the diagnostic tests in details)
What are the therapeutic options available (suggest a line of treatment).
How can we prevent & control such disease?
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Soil-transmitted helminths like Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and hookworms infect approximately 2 billion people worldwide. They are transmitted through contaminated soil and water. The worms cause diseases by inhabiting the intestines and feeding on tissues or blood, potentially leading to anemia, malnutrition, and impaired development. Diagnosis involves examining stool samples microscopically for worm eggs. Treatment involves anthelmintic drugs, while prevention focuses on improved sanitation and hygiene to reduce environmental contamination.
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Geographical distribution.
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As a pharmacist, how could you identify and confirm a patient with such disease?
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The document provides information about helminths (parasitic worms). It begins by defining helminths and outlining the learning objectives and classification of helminths. The document then focuses on intestinal nematodes (roundworms), describing their key features, life cycles, transmission routes, and important examples like Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura. It discusses the morphology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis and treatment of these common helminth infections.
lecture10-Heterophyiasis (1).pptx
Heterophyiasis is caused by the intestinal fluke Heterophyes sp. It is found in parts of Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. The lifecycle involves a snail as the first intermediate host and certain fish species as the second intermediate host. Humans can be infected by eating raw or undercooked fish containing the infective metacercariae stage. Symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, and the presence of blood or mucus in stool. Diagnosis is made by finding the parasite's eggs in stool samples. Prevention involves proper cooking of fish and proper human waste disposal.
Similar to epidemiology presentation-Seu.pptx (20)
: Parasitic water pollution in the Nile River (Schistosoma & Giardia lamblia)
: Parasitic water pollution in the Nile River (Schistosoma & Giardia lamblia)
Worm Infestations in Children (Child Health Nursing).pptx
Worm Infestations in Children (Child Health Nursing).pptx
Recently uploaded
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
Evaporation step counter work. I have done a physical experiment.
(Work in progress.)
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...Scintica Instrumentation
Targeting Hsp90 and its pathogen Orthologs with Tethered Inhibitors as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategy for cancer and infectious diseases with Dr. Timothy Haystead.Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
SAR of Medicinal Chemistry 1st by dk.pdf
In this presentation include the prototype drug SAR on thus or with their examples .
Syllabus of Second Year B. Pharmacy
2019 PATTERN.
Bob Reedy - Nitrate in Texas Groundwater.pdf
Presented at June 6-7 Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts Business Meeting
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Classification
Metal ion ion indicators
Masking and demasking reagents
Estimation of Magnisium sulphate
Calcium gluconate
Complexometric Titration/ chelatometry titration/chelating titration, introduction, Types-
1.Direct Titration
2.Back Titration
3.Replacement Titration
4.Indirect Titration
Masking agent, Demasking agents
formation of complex
comparition between masking and demasking agents,
Indicators/Metal ion indicators/ Metallochromic indicators/pM indicators,
Visual Technique,PM indicators (metallochromic), Indicators of pH, Redox Indicators
Instrumental Techniques-Photometry
Potentiometry
Miscellaneous methods.
Complex titration with EDTA.
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
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massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
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It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
Pests of Storage_Identification_Dr.UPR.pdf
InIndia-post-harvestlosses-unscientificstorage,insects,rodents,micro-organismsetc.,accountforabout10percentoftotalfoodgrains
Graininfestation
Directdamage
Indirectly
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Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
Ozturkcan, S., Berndt, A., & Angelakis, A. (2024). Mending clothing to support sustainable fashion. Presented at the 31st Annual Conference by the Consortium for International Marketing Research (CIMaR), 10-13 Jun 2024, University of Gävle, Sweden.
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
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Basics of crystallography, crystal systems, classes and different forms
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Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
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epidemiology presentation-Seu.pptx
- 1. Epidemiological surveilance of Geo- "Bio"and contact helminthiasis SEU 2023
- 2. What is Heminthiasis Heminthiasis is a group of infectious diseases caused by intestinal parasites The parasytes are classified as The round worms include : Human whipworm, Pinworm and Ascaris Tapewoms : Taeniasis, echinococosis, coenurosis Trematode: Amphistomiasis, Clonochiasis, Fasciloliasis The infections take place in the human intestine They are transmitted by by eggs located in the human feces that contaminates soil in areas of poor sanitation
- 3. What are the causes of Helmithiasis Most common form of transmition is through consuming infected water, contaminated vegetables and raw or undercooked meat The contaminated food contains round worms eggs Meat ,pork and venison contain Ascaria Eterobius and Taenia Round worms mainly are contained in infested drinking water or consuming infected fish and crustation Pet may also be carrier of Helmiths and can cause contamination as well Round worms such as Brugia and Wuchereria and Onchocera are carried by mosquitos
- 4. Symptoms of Helminthiasis Primary symptoms: Abdominal pain Nausa Outer intestinal layer damage Massive weight lost Secondery symptoms: Physical and mental retardation Immunological response
- 5. Pathological prograss At first the eggs are consumed (their outer layer protect them from the stomach acids) As they develo into larva they will colonize the intetine as they feed off food particles As the Larvae developes into an adult it shall sat consuming tissue from the intetine and shall move toward other areas of the body such as liver, brain ect The adult females will lay the eggs in the intetine ares and they shall exit the body via the extrements
- 6. Geo-contacts for Helminthiasis Areas with the highest prevelance of Helminthiasis are tropical and subtropical areas including: Sub-Saharan Africa, Central and east Asia, and the americans Some Helminthiasis are classified a neglected tropical disease *soil-transmited helminthiasis *Lympathic filariasis,dracunculiasis and onchocerciasis *areas in africa and east Asia that have unclean water source (mainly infected with human feces ) Area that traditionally eating raw fish and crustation
- 7. Diagnosis Microscopic examination of the eggs Oval eggs can be found in fecal matter The number of eggs is measured in units of Eggs per Gram Serological test Antigen tests Molecular diagnosis
- 8. Treatment Medication: Benzimidazoles (such as abendazole and mebendazole) are the first and main treatment for Round worms and tape worms Macrocyclin (such as ivermectin) are effective against adult and megrating larva stages of nematodes Praziquine is also used in some cses Surgery-used in case of complication, such as intestinal obtruction
- 9. prevantion Disrupting the cycle of the worm will prevent infestation and re-infestation Propare hygine Sanitation Reduction of open defecation -stop using human feces as fertilizer Make sure the water suplly is indeed sterile Boiling water before consumption in areas where it's maybe contaminated Cook food properly
- 10. The End Thank you for your attention