This document discusses various assisted reproductive technologies (ART) including artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization, and surrogacy. It describes procedures like intrauterine insemination where washed sperm is injected into the uterus using a catheter. In vitro fertilization involves fertilizing eggs and sperm outside the body then transferring the embryos into the uterus. Surrogacy is when another woman carries and delivers a baby for an infertile couple. The document provides details on different ART procedures and their techniques.

1. PRESENTED BY:
Mr.Abrar Rashid Wani
4th Year Bsc(N)
RajaRajeswari College Of
Nursing, Bangalore

2. Assisted Reproductive technology is
defined as the technology used to
achieve pregnancy in procedures
such as artificial insemination, in
vitro fertilization and surrogacy.

4.  It is the deliberate introduction of sperm into
the female’s uterus or cervix for the purpose
of achieving pregnancy through in vivo
fertilization by means other than sexual
intercourse.

5.  Intracervical insemination
 Intrauterine insemination
 Intratubal insemination

6.  The seminal vesicle is prepared in the
laboratory (washed with special media).
 Injected inside the uterus with catheter after
stimulating the ovaries to produce more eggs
per cycle.
 The catheter used here is known as ‘TOM
CAT’

7.  It involves injection of unwashed or raw
semen into the cervix with the needleless
syringe.
 A vaginal speculum is used to hold open the
vagina so that cervix may be observed and
then syringe is inserted ,the plunger is
pushed forward and semen is emptied deep
in the vagina.

8.  It involves injection of the washed sperm into
the fallopian tube.
 It should not be confused with the GIFT ,
where both the eggs are mixed outside the
women's body and then immediately inserted
into fallopian tube..
 Less used than IUI.

10.  In Vitro Fertilization is the uniting of egg and
sperm in vitro(in the lab).Subsequently the
embryos are transferred into the uterus
through the cervix and pregnancy is allowed
to begin.
 It is the technique of letting fertilization of
male and female gametes occur outside the
female body.

11. Most commonly used are:
1. Transvaginal ovum retrieval (OCR)fallopian
2. Embryo Transfer
3. Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection
4. Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer
5. Gamet Intrafallopian Transfer
6. Surrogacy

12. Less commonly used are:
1. Cytoplasmic Transfer
2. Assisted Zona Hatching
3. Egg Donors
4. Sperm donation
5. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis
6. Embryo Splitting
7. Cryopreservation

13. It is also known as oocyte retrieval is a technique
used to remove oocyte from the ovary of the
female enabling fertilization outside the body.
Transvaginal oocyte retrieval is more properly
referred to as transvaginal ovum retrieval when the
oocyte has matured in the ova.

14.  Under ultrasound guidance, the operator
inserts a needle through the vaginal wall and
into an ovarian follicle, taking care not to
injure organs located between the vaginal
wall and the ovary.
 The other end of the needle is attached to a
suction device.
 Then the follicular fluid and cellular material
is suctioned with the needle.
 The procedure usually lasts 10-20 minutes

15.  It is an in vitro fertilization procedure in
which a single sperm is injected directly into
an egg.
 It is beneficial in the case of male factor
infertility where sperm counts are very low.
 The first child borne from gamete
micromanipulation was a child in Singapore
born in April of 1989.
 The first activated embryo by ICSI was
produced in1990, but the first successful
birth by ICSI took place on January 14, 1992.

17.  Low sperm count
 Poor sperm motility
 Abnormally high amount of morphologically
atypical sperm
 Obstruction in the epididymus due to past
inflammation
 retrograde ejaculation
 Immunological factors

18.  It refers to a step in the process of assisted
reproduction in which embryos are placed in
the uterus of the female to establish the
pregnancy
 In embryo transfer the embryos are placed in
a woman’s uterus. The goal is to create a
pregnancy.
 The embryos can be either fresh or frozen. if
they are frozen, they can thawed right before
they are transferred.
 It is the last step in a type of fertility
treatment.

21.  It is an infertility treatment used when a
blockage in the fallopian tubes prevents the
normal binding of sperm to the egg.
 Egg cells are removed from a woman’s
ovaries, and in vitro fertilized. The resulting
zygote is placed into the fallopian tube by the
use of laparoscopy.
 It has the success rate of 64.8% in all the
cases.

24.  It is a tool of assisted reproductive
technology against infertility. Eggs are
removed from a woman’s ovaries , and placed
in one of fallopian tubes , along with the
man’s sperm.
 The first attempt was made by Steptoe and
Edwards.
 It takes on average four to six weeks to
complete the cycle of GIFT.

25. Steps:
1. The woman must take a fertility drug to
stimulate egg production in the ovaries.
2. Monitoring the growth of the ovarian
follicles.
3. Once they are mature, the woman will be
injected the hCG.
4. After 36 hours, the eggs will be harvested
mixed with the man’s sperm and placed
back into the woman’s fallopian tubes using
a laparoscope.

27.  Surrogacy is when another woman carries and
gives birth to a baby for the couple who want
to have a child.
 It is the carrying of a pregnancy for intended
parents.
 In this a woman agrees to became pregnant
and deliver a child for a contracted party.

28. 1. Traditional surrogacy: It is the simplest and
least expensive form of surrogacy and is
also known as artificial insemination. The
surrogate mother uses an insemination kit
to became pregnant using an intended
father’s semen.
2. Gestational surrogacy: It is physically more
complicated and more expensive. Here both
the eggs and sperm are taken from
intended father and mother.

29. Three Steps:
1. Egg Donation
2. Fertilization
3. Transfer

30.  Cytoplasmic transfer: It is the technique in
which the contents of a fertile egg from a
donor are injected into the infertile of the
patient along with the sperm.
 Assisted zona hatching: It is performed
shortly before the embryo is transferred to
the uterus . A small opening is made in the
zona pellucida using a micromanipilator ,
thereby facilitating zona hatching to occur

31.  Egg Donors: In egg donors eggs are retrieved
from a donors ovaries, fertilized in laboratory
with the sperm from recipients partner and
resulting healthy embryos are returned to
recipients uterus.
 Preimplantation genetic diagnosis: It helps in
identify genetically abnormal embryos and
improve healthy outcomes.
 Embryo Splitting: It can be used for twinning
to increase the number of available embryos.

32.  Assisted Reproductive Technology involves in
vitro fertilization , GIFT, ZIFT, artificial
insemination and frozen embryo transfer..
 These techniques can also apply to oocyte
donation and gestational carriers.
 IVF has helped many couples to conceive
successfully
 Surrogacy is when another woman carries and
gives birth to a baby for the couple who want
to have a child.