ART is done when normal means of reproduction is not possible.

1. Assisted Reproductive
Technology
By
M.Vharshini
B.sc. BioMedical sciences

2. Assisted Reproductive Technologies:
• Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is
the technology used to achieve pregnancy in
procedures such as fertility medication, artificial
insemination, in vitro fertilization and surrogacy.
• Fertility therapies where eggs and sperm are
manipulated
• Involve surgically removing eggs from women and
combining them with sperm in the laboratory

4. Why ART?

5. Infertility: Extremely Prevalent
• Definition: Infertility refers to the biological
inability of an individual to contribute to
conception, or to a female who cannot carry
a pregnancy to full term.
• 7-26% of couples worldwide (90 million
women).

6. Causes of Infertility
• Delayed marriage and child-bearing
• Sexually transmitted diseases
• Hormonal contraception
• Abortion
• Obesity
• Environmental Pollution

7. In vitro fertilization

8. Definition:
IVF (in vitro fertilization) is a method in
which egg cells are fertilized by sperm
cells outside the mother’s womb (in
vitro).
The resulting embryos are then
transferred back into the uterus.

10. STEPS IN IVF
• Follicle suppression
• Controlled ovarian hyper stimulation
• Aspiration of eggs from follicles
• Fertilization, incubation and selection of
embryos
• Embryo transfer
• Pregnancy test

11. IVF LAB: FOLLICULAR FLUID

12. HIGH QUALITY EGG

13. LOW QUALITY EGG

14. EMBRYOLOGIST MANIPULATING OVA AND SPERM

15. HIGH QUALITY THREE DAY OLD EMBRYO

16. INTRA-CYTOPLASMIC
SPERM INJECTION

17. Intracytoplasmic
sperm injection
(ICSI) involves the
direct injection of
sperm into eggs
obtained
from invitro
fertilization (IVF).

18. How Is ICSI Performed?
• The mature egg is held with a specialized
pipette.
• A very delicate, sharp, and hollow needle is
used to immobilize and pick up a single
sperm.
• The needle is then carefully inserted through
the shell of the egg and into the cytoplasm of
the egg.
• The sperm is injected into the cytoplasm, and
the needle is carefully removed.
• The eggs are checked the following day for
evidence of normal fertilization.

19. INTRAUTERINE
INSEMINATION: IUI

20. • Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is a fertility
treatment that involves placing sperm inside a
woman’s uterus to facilitate fertilization.
• The goal of IUI is to increase the number of
sperm that reach the fallopian tubes and
subsequently increase the chance of
fertilization.
• It is a less invasive and less expensive option
compared to in vitro fertilization.

21. Intrauterine insemination (IUI)

22. • Before IUI, ovulation stimulating medications may be used.
• The IUI procedure will then be performed around the time of
ovulation, typically about 24-36 hours after the surge in LH
hormone that indicates ovulation will occur soon.
• A semen sample will be washed by the lab to separate the
semen from the seminal fluid.
• A catheter will then be used to insert the sperm directly into the
uterus.
• This process maximizes the number of sperm cells that
are placed in the uterus, thus increasing the possibility of
conception.
Process of IUI

24. GAMETE INTRAFALLOPIAN
TUBE TRANSFER (GIFT)

25. • GIFT is an assisted reproductive procedure
which involves removing a woman’s eggs,
mixing them with sperm, and immediately
placing them into a fallopian tube.
• One of the main differences between this
procedure and IVF and ZIFT procedures is
that in GIFT the fertilization process takes
place inside the fallopian tube rather than in a
laboratory.

26. How is GIFT performed?
• Patients must first have an x-ray to determine the presence of at
least one healthy fallopian tube. The doctor will also use a
laparoscope to ensure that there is not any scar tissue on the
outside of the fallopian tube.
• Using a laparoscope, eggs are then retrieved from the ovaries.
• The male provides a sperm sample the same day that the eggs
are retrieved.
• The eggs are then mixed with the sperm in a catheter.
• The egg and sperm mixture is inserted into the fallopian tubes with
a catheter.
• The woman is then provided with medication to build up the
uterine lining to support implantation of a fertilized egg.

28. ZYGOTE INTRAFALLOPIAN
TRANSFER: ZIFT

29. • ZIFT is an assisted reproductive procedure similar
to in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, the
difference being that the fertilized embryo
is transferred into the fallopian tube instead of the
uterus.
• Because the fertilized egg is transferred directly into
the tubes, the procedure is also referred to as tubal
embryo transfer (TET).

31. How Is ZIFT Performed?
• A woman’s ovaries are stimulated with medications to
increase the probability of producing multiple eggs.
• Eggs are then collected through an aspiration procedure.
• Those eggs are fertilized in a laboratory in a procedure
identical to IVF, with the exception of the time frame.
During the ZIFT procedure, fertilized eggs are transferred
within 24 hours, versus 3-5 days as used in a regular IVF
cycle.
• The fertilized eggs are then transferred through a
laparoscopic procedure where a catheter is placed deep in
the fallopian tube and the fertilized eggs injected.
• The final step is to watch for early pregnancy symptoms.

32. SURROGACY

33. • Surrogacy is the practice by which a woman (called a
surrogate mother) becomes pregnant and gives birth to a baby
in order to give it to someone who cannot have children.
• In gestational surrogacy, an egg is removed from the
intended mother or an anonymous donor and fertilized with the
sperm of the intended father or anonymous donor. The
fertilized egg, or embryo, is then transferred to a surrogate who
carries the baby to term.
• In traditional surrogacy, the surrogate is impregnated
naturally or artificially, but the resulting child is genetically
related to the surrogate.
• Intended parents may seek a surrogacy arrangement when
either pregnancy is medically impossible, pregnancy
risks present an unacceptable danger to the mother's health.

34. Reference
• http://www.babycenter.com/0_fertility-treatment-
• http://americanpregnancy.org/infertility/gamete-i
• https://www.surrogacyuk.org/about_surrogacy

35. THANK YOU