An artificial island is constructed rather than formed naturally. There are several methods to create artificial islands including expanding existing islets, constructing on reefs or amalgamating natural islets. Artificial islands are constructed for urban development, industry, infrastructure like ports and airports, recreation, and resource extraction like oil drilling. They are designed considering factors like water depth, waves, climate, foundations, and environmental impacts. The construction process involves preparing the seabed, placing precast piles, compacting soil, adding surrounding rock barriers, and allowing construction to begin.
This document is prepared on the study of construction of artificial islands by using land reclamation technique.
It also includes a serious case study of "The Palm Islands" in Dubai
An artificial island is an application of various engineering concepts that has brought a drastic change in construction technology. The artificial island is built in the sea, and the rig, oil and gas production equipment, public facilities, storage tank, and unloading terminal can be set on the island. Artificial island construction technology, which is based on civil engineering technology, is also closely related to marine engineering technology.
An artificial island is an island constructed by man rather than created by natural means. They are constructed by expanding the existing islets and by construction on existing reefs or merging some natural islets into a bigger island. They are usually constructed by land reclamation, but some are formed by the incidental isolation of an existing piece of land during canal construction. Land reclamation is a process where new land is created from oceans, river beds and lake beds. The land which is reclaimed is called reclamation ground. These types of structures help in the development of a nation and also become a source of income as a place of tourism. In countries like Japan the land space is usually less and artificial islands are thus helpful to such countries for avoiding crowd settlement of houses. The artificial islands are part of urbanization but they also create disorder to the balanced marine ecosystem.
This document is prepared on the study of construction of artificial islands by using land reclamation technique.
It also includes a serious case study of "The Palm Islands" in Dubai
An artificial island is an application of various engineering concepts that has brought a drastic change in construction technology. The artificial island is built in the sea, and the rig, oil and gas production equipment, public facilities, storage tank, and unloading terminal can be set on the island. Artificial island construction technology, which is based on civil engineering technology, is also closely related to marine engineering technology.
An artificial island is an island constructed by man rather than created by natural means. They are constructed by expanding the existing islets and by construction on existing reefs or merging some natural islets into a bigger island. They are usually constructed by land reclamation, but some are formed by the incidental isolation of an existing piece of land during canal construction. Land reclamation is a process where new land is created from oceans, river beds and lake beds. The land which is reclaimed is called reclamation ground. These types of structures help in the development of a nation and also become a source of income as a place of tourism. In countries like Japan the land space is usually less and artificial islands are thus helpful to such countries for avoiding crowd settlement of houses. The artificial islands are part of urbanization but they also create disorder to the balanced marine ecosystem.
PROTECTION, REPAIR & MAINTENANCE OF RCC STRUCTURES SUBMITTED IN THE PARTIA...Rising Sher
Repair and strengthening of damaged or vulnerable reinforced concrete Structures is important in order to guarantee the safety of residents or Users. Beams are important structural elements for withstanding loads, so finding the efficient repair and strengthening methods are necessary. In terms of maintaining the safety of the structures. This research study investigated various repair, retrofit, and Strengthening techniques for reinforced concrete beams. The Comparison and summary of each repair and strengthening method are provided in this thesis. The thesis involves the literature review of current experimental test of Repair and strengthening techniques for reinforced concrete beams. The Experimental studies were summarized by describing the specimen and loading details, all the methods in the research were categorized into five chapters: section enlargement and concrete jacketing, external Reinforcement, steel plates, unbounded-type strengthening, and concrete Repairs.
Construction Challenges For Bridges In Hilly AreasShantanu Patil
Hilly region pose unique problem for bridge construction. In a restricted hilly area itself climatic condition, Geographical features and hydrological parameters affect considerably. Keeping in view the bridge site and various constraints, type of bridges and method of construction are to be selected carefully for safe, economical and successful completion of bridges construction.
Tunnelling is a serious engineering project.
In addition to large investment cost, the challenges related to long and deep tunnels are considerable.
Important aspects which needs to be considered are related to the construction works, geology, environment and operation. his module highlights all these aspects.
Planning and design of facilities for ships to discharge or receive cargo and passengers.
REQUIREMENTS OF A GOOD HARBOR
Classification of Harbor
Littoral drift
coastal current
Break water
Classification of breakwaters:
The vacuum dewatering process basically improves strength, durability, and other properties of concrete by reducing the water-cement ratio immediately after the mix is placed, usually in floors and other flatwork. A Bridgeport, Connecticut vacuum dewatering demonstration, although it involved no new ...
vacuum dewatering system
vacuum dewatering pump
vacuum dewatering box
wellpoint pump systems
dewatering pump system
dewatering pump
dewatering wellpoint
small wellpoint dewatering systems
interesting civil engineering topics
civil engineering topics for presentation
civil seminar topics ppt
civil engineering seminar topics 2018
best seminar topics for civil engineering
seminar topics pdf
seminar topics for mechanical engineers
seminar topic for civil engineering pdf
PROTECTION, REPAIR & MAINTENANCE OF RCC STRUCTURES SUBMITTED IN THE PARTIA...Rising Sher
Repair and strengthening of damaged or vulnerable reinforced concrete Structures is important in order to guarantee the safety of residents or Users. Beams are important structural elements for withstanding loads, so finding the efficient repair and strengthening methods are necessary. In terms of maintaining the safety of the structures. This research study investigated various repair, retrofit, and Strengthening techniques for reinforced concrete beams. The Comparison and summary of each repair and strengthening method are provided in this thesis. The thesis involves the literature review of current experimental test of Repair and strengthening techniques for reinforced concrete beams. The Experimental studies were summarized by describing the specimen and loading details, all the methods in the research were categorized into five chapters: section enlargement and concrete jacketing, external Reinforcement, steel plates, unbounded-type strengthening, and concrete Repairs.
Construction Challenges For Bridges In Hilly AreasShantanu Patil
Hilly region pose unique problem for bridge construction. In a restricted hilly area itself climatic condition, Geographical features and hydrological parameters affect considerably. Keeping in view the bridge site and various constraints, type of bridges and method of construction are to be selected carefully for safe, economical and successful completion of bridges construction.
Tunnelling is a serious engineering project.
In addition to large investment cost, the challenges related to long and deep tunnels are considerable.
Important aspects which needs to be considered are related to the construction works, geology, environment and operation. his module highlights all these aspects.
Planning and design of facilities for ships to discharge or receive cargo and passengers.
REQUIREMENTS OF A GOOD HARBOR
Classification of Harbor
Littoral drift
coastal current
Break water
Classification of breakwaters:
The vacuum dewatering process basically improves strength, durability, and other properties of concrete by reducing the water-cement ratio immediately after the mix is placed, usually in floors and other flatwork. A Bridgeport, Connecticut vacuum dewatering demonstration, although it involved no new ...
vacuum dewatering system
vacuum dewatering pump
vacuum dewatering box
wellpoint pump systems
dewatering pump system
dewatering pump
dewatering wellpoint
small wellpoint dewatering systems
interesting civil engineering topics
civil engineering topics for presentation
civil seminar topics ppt
civil engineering seminar topics 2018
best seminar topics for civil engineering
seminar topics pdf
seminar topics for mechanical engineers
seminar topic for civil engineering pdf
Coastal erosion
Types of erosion
What is breakwater ?
Types of breakwaters
Consideration
FLOATING BREAKWATERS
The efficiency of a floating breakwater
To be effective as a breakwater …
C Sachpazis: Soil liquefaction potential assessment for a ccgt power plant in...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Clayey silty up to silty sandy and sandy soils are generally recognized to have a significant liquefaction potential when extended submerged below water table. This phenomenon raises a major concern to the foundation and structural engineer. Low plasticity silts, silty clays and silty sands occur extensively as recent alluvial deposits in the southern coastal region of Elefsina Municipality in Attica Prefecture, Greece.
In this area, a Combined Cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT) Power Plant is planned to be constructed and its foundation stability and durability reassurance is of utmost importance to structural engineers. In the study of the geotechnical ground investigation for the foundation design of the CCGT project, a number of field and laboratory tests were carried out.
For evaluating its foundation soil liquefaction potential and risk during an earthquake, some internationally accepted guidelines are available based on soil density, void ratio, plasticity index, standard penetration test values, and other simple soil properties.
The liquefaction behavior and potential of this kind of foundation soils stratified in the alluvial deposits has been studied thoroughly based on both Seed’s and Idriss’s procedure / relationships as well as Prakash’s limit state methodology, using S.P.T. results and an algorithm program / software code, that was developed and published by the author. The S.P.T. tests were executed inside the twenty investigation - sampling boreholes of a depth range from 10 up to 50 meters each one, in an 100.000 s.m. plot, where a Combined Cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT) Power Plant is planned to be constructed.
According to the results of these analyses and assessments the well documented and argued necessity is deduced either for transferring the project foundation loads to underlying deeper and more competent bearing strata and layers, or for strengthening, geotechnically upgrading (ground improvement), stabilizing and cement grouting the foundation ground of the CCGT Power Plant using jet grouting piles techniques.
Finally, the exact depth range under the CCGT Power Plant foundation site that is prone and dangerous to be liquefied in the event of a strong seismic shock and vibration was determined and diagrammatically presented and the remedial measures to be taken were suggested. Hence, in this way the liquefaction risk can be mitigated or even deterred from the incompetent upper natural soil layers of the project foundation ground.
Retaining walls are an integral part of any sea facing structure or structures which contain single or multiple basements. The PPT gives a general idea about retaining walls and also focuses on a case study of the retaining wall along the Worli Seaface in Mumbai, India.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
2. Methods of Creation 1)Expanding existing islets 2)Construction on existing reefs 3)Amalgamating several natural islets into a bigger island. 4)Construction on sea bed. 5)Land Reclamation 6)Oil Platforms Introduction An artificial or man-made island is an island or archipelago(group of islands) that has been constructed by people rather than formed by natural means.
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6. Under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea treaty (UNCLOS), artificial islands are not considered harbour works and are under the jurisdiction of the nearest coastal state if within 200 nautical miles (370 km) .Artificial islands are not considered islands for purposes of having their own territorial waters or exclusive economic zones, and only the coastal state may authorize their construction. However, on the high seas beyond national jurisdiction, any "state" may construct artificial islands . Political Status
22. PREPERATION OF ISLAND BED S.NO. PROCESS METHODS 1 SURVEY, INVESTIGATION AND CONTROLS ELECTRONIC SATELLITE NAVIGATION, SPAR BUOYS, ACOUSTIC TRANSPONDERS, CORING AND SAMPLING, GRAB SAMPLES, SPARKER SURVEY, SIDE-SCAN SONAR, ACOUSTIC IMAGING, FOUNDATION PENETROMETERS, VIDEO, SUBMERSIBLE AND DIVER INSPECTION 2 PLATFORM DERRIK BARGE, DRILL SHIP, SEMISUBMERSIBLE JACK-UP, GUYED TOWER, HEAVE COMPENSATORS 3 SEAFLOOR OBSTRUCTION REMOVAL DRAG-OFF WITH TRAWLERS, SHAPED CHARGES, ROV'S WITH MANIPULATORS, UNDERWATER BURNING, THERMIC LANCERS 4 DREDGING, REMOVAL OF SEDIMENTS TRAILER SUCTION HOPPER DREDGE, CUTTERHEAD HYDRAULIC DREDGE, GRAB DREDGE OR CLAMSHELL, CONTINOUS BUCKET LADDER DREDGE, SLACK LINE BUCKET DREDGE, PLOW, JETTING, PIPELINE BURIAL SLED, DEEP-SEA MINING DRAG EXCAVATOR, AIRLIFT, EDUCTORS, REMOTE-CONTROLLED SEAFLOOR DREDGE 5 DREDGING, REMOVAL OF HARD SEDIMENTS AND ROCKS HYDRAULIC BACKHOES, DIPPER DREDGES, POWER ACTIVATED CLAMSHELL BUCKETS, PLOWS, SHAPED CHARGES, BLASTING IN DRILLED HOLES, CHISELS, HYDRAULIC AND PNEUMATIC ROCK BREAKERS, DRIVEN SPUDS, CUTTERHEAD DREDGES, HIGH PRESSURE JETS 6 PLACEMENT OF UNDERWATER FILLS DIKES OF ROCKS OR CLAY BUNDS TO CONTAIN SAND, CONTROLLED UNDERWATER DEPOSITION, DUMP ENMASSE FROM HOPPER BARGES, TREMIE, BUCKET, SKIP, CHUTE OR LADDER 7 DENSIFICATION, CONSOLIDATION AND STRENGTHENING OF FILLS DEEP VIBRATION, SURFACE VIBRATION, DYNAMIC COMPACTION WITH DROPPED WEIGHTS, EXPLOSIVES OR AIRGUN, DEPOSITION IN MASS, PRESATURATION, SELECTION OF OPTIMUM GRADING
23. 8 CONSOLIDATION AND STRENGTHENING OF WEAK SOILS SAND PILES, VIBRATION, FREEZING, PRESURCHARGING, SURCHARGING WITH MEMBRANE AND DRAINAGE, SURCHARGING WITH STRUCTURE AND BALLAST, WICK AND SAND DRAINS, DRAINAGE WELLS, PERIPHERAL SURCHARGING, CEMENT INJECTION, CHEMICAL GROUTING, LIME INJECTION, DEEP CEMENT MIXING, ELECTRO-OSMOSIS 9 PREVENTION OF LIQUEFACTION DENSIFICATION, DRAINAGE WELLS, PERIPHERAL APRON OF GRADED ROCK 10 LEVELING OF SEAFLOOR OR EMBANKMENT HYDRAULIC DUSTPAN DREDGE WITH HEAVE COMPENSATOR SUSPENSION OF DREDGE HEAD, DRAGS, BOTTOM-SUPPORTED SCREED FRAME, SCREED FRAME FROM TLP OR HEAVE COMPENSATED PLATFORM, HORIZONTAL SCREW AUGUR 11 PROVISION OF UNIFORM SUPPORT UNDER BASE OF STRUCTURE UNDERBASE GROUTING, UNDERBASE SAND INJECTION OR SAND FLOW, TREMIE CONCRETE, GROUT INTRUDED AGGREGATE, MUD JACKING 12 EXCAVATION BENEATH STRUCTURE ARTICULATED DREDGE ARMS, AIRLIFT, JETS, EDUCTORS, DRILLS 13 SCOUR AND EROSION PROTECTION SACRIFICIAL FILL, ROCK, FILTER ROCK, FILTER FABRIC, ARTICULATED MATTRESSES, SANDBAGS, GROUT FILLED POROUS BAGS, SKIRTS ON STRUCTURES, APRONS AND FLOW CONTROLLED DEVICES AT BASE OF STRUCTURES, ARTIFICIAL SEAWEED, SAND ASPHALT AND ROCK ASPHALT BLANKETS, UNDERWATER CONCRETE SLABS 14 TURBIDITY SUPPRESSION BENTONITE-CEMENT SLURRIES, DISCHARGE OF FINE SAND BLANKET
25. Dredging Basics Dredging is the maritime transportation of natural materials from one part of the water environment to another by specialised dredging vessels. In a usual dredging cycle, self-propelled ,trailing suction ,hopper dredgers, barges and other ships spend the majority of their time sailing back and forth between excavation sites and placement sites, transporting materials between the port and the borrow site; sailing between borrow sites; and sailing from sites where material has been extracted to unloading or placement sites.
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27. EXTERNAL CONDITIONS DURING CONSTRUCTION GROUP A : THOSE WHICH DETERMINE THE USE AND EFFICIENCY OF EQUIPMENT, BREIFLY SUMMARIZED UNDER THE HEADING OF WORKABILITY GROUP B: THOSE ARISING FROM A CHANGE IN THE HYDRAULICS AND MORPHOLOGY OF THE AREA, OCCURING AS A RESULT OF THE WORKS, THIS INFLUENCE CAN BE OF A TEMPORARY OR PERMANENT NATURE. GROUP C: THOSE ARISING FROM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS, ALSO THIS EFFECT CAN BE OF A TEMPORARY OR PERMANENT NATURE.
28. Common dredging methods : Suction Dredging : Sand will be dredged by putting the suction tube deep ( > 10 m) into the sand layer. Under the influence of gravity forces the sand departs from the slope and flows downward in the direction of the suction mouth. Cutter Suction Dredging : With cutter suction dredging the suction tube is provided with a rotating cutter head. The swing movement is initiated by the means of a forward-side-winch wires directly behind the cutter head. A spud pole positioned on the ships aft functions as centre of the swing movement.
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31. Trailing suction dredging : A draghead attached to a suction pipe is trailed over the bottom of the seafloor. Due to erosive forces at the narrow opening between the draghead and the bottom and the application of blades in the draghead results in the formation of a sand water mixture, this mixture in pumped in the hopper and the sand settles whereas the water overflows. Cutter Dredging : For less permeable sand the face formation will deliver a small contribution to the production. In this case the soil has to be retrieved with the cutter head. In less permeable sand, large cutting forces cause significant wear and tear to the teeth of the cutting head.
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34. CRITERIA FOR DREDGER SIZE: 1. Volume of material to be dredged. 2. Time allowed to complete the project. Days, weeks and months. 3. Hours that you will work. 1 shift, 2 shifts or 3 shifts? 4. Type of material to be dredged. Fine sand, medium sand, large sand, small gravel, large gravel, silt, clay, cobbles 3 to 10, boulders +10 inches [254mm]. 5. Dredging sediments or undisturbed material. Undisturbed material is much more difficult to dredge. 6. Horizontal pumping distance. 7. Vertical pumping distance called static head. vertical distance from the water surface to the discharge point. 9. Maximum digging depth. Distance from the water surface to the lowest point of dredging. DREDGES ARE AVAILABLE IN SIZES VARYING FROM A FEW METRE LONG BARGES TO FEW HUNDRED METRE LONG VESSLES
35. Factors in selection of Cutter Suction Dredger • Kind of soils and operation area • Dredging depth, capacities • Degree of self-sufficiency, self-propelled or stationary. • If self-propelled: which cutter ladder position (bow or stern oriented) • Seagoing dredging capability. • Type and stroke of spud carriage (flexibility required) • Spud handling and hoisting system(s). • Cutter type, diameter, speed, power. • Pump characteristics. • Requirements related to noise and vibrations (incl. construction fatigue) • Degree of automation.
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41. Dredge pump capacity -required flow rate and head -discharge pipeline length(differ for pumping ashore and barge loading) -density of the mixture -soil characteristics -suction mouth performance. Therefore a lot of scenarios have to be calculated to find an optimum design point of each pump.
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43. Spud carriage The application of a spud carriage is common practise for large CSD’s. This increases the efficiency of the dredger significantly. The larger the stroke of the carriage the more swings can be made without spud repositioning and consequently the higher the efficiency of the dredger. Automation Large cutter dredgers are complex dredgers with complex operations. Therefore process automation and monitoring instrumentation are relevant because they will increase the efficiency of the dredger. Automation can be executed to a lot of levels, which depends on the Owner’s philosophy and the cost and skills of personnel.
44. Increased main dimensions of the dredger result in significant lower movements of the vessel in waves.
54. 5) REINFORCING STEEL: Plain Bars, deformed bars, welded fabrics may be used provided details of size, mechanical properties and bond properties supplied by manufacturer. 6) SHEATHING: Rigid or semi-rigid water-tight metal sheathing should be used. Should be spliced with tightly fitting sleeves and the joints bound with waterproof tape. 7) GROUT : Usually OPC cement, aggregates if used in large ducts should consist of siliceous granules, finely ground limestone, trass, pozzolan or fine sand ; admixtures to be used after testing, sea water should not be used.