Artificial islands are human-made land masses constructed in bodies of water rather than formed naturally. They are created through methods like expanding existing islets, constructing on reefs or sea beds, or land reclamation. Major reasons for artificial island construction include urban development, industry, infrastructure, and resource extraction. Some famous examples include the Palm Islands and artificial islands in Dubai. Challenges include high costs, slow construction, and environmental impacts. Proper design considerations and protections like breakwaters are needed to address risks from winds, currents, and settlement.

1. ARTIFICIAL ISLANDSARTIFICIAL ISLANDS
PRESENTED BY:
SHARANG AGARWAL (11NA30019)
AJIT KUMAR (11NA30024)

2. THE EARTH PLANET
Percentage of crustal, About
70% water
30% land
From 30% land also there are
some barren spaces. Like
mires.
People motivate to get
benefits from the water areas.

3. Introduction
An artificial or man-made island is
an island or group of islands that has been
constructed by people rather than formed by natural
means.
Methods of Creation
1.Expanding existing islets
2.Construction on existing reefs
3.Amalgamating several natural islets into a bigger
island.
4.Construction on sea bed.
5.Land Reclamation
6.Oil Platforms

4. ReasonsReasons for Constructionfor Construction
The following are the major reasons to justify the
creation of Artificial Islands:
- urban development (special structures)
- industry
- waste handling
- infrastructure (ports and airports)
- extended runways
- recreation
- mining of natural resources
- oil drills and exploration platforms.
- tidal or wind energy generation.
- recreational structures like hotels or water parks.

5. Previous UsagePrevious Usage
1) Artificial islands have been used since the seventeenth
century for coastal defence and as extensions of the land
base.
2) Artificial islands are being used as oil exploration and
production platforms.
3) Japan has several artificial islands.
4) Artificial islands are being used to provide a platform for
coal mine ventilation shaft access, positively contributes to
the safety, effective ventilation and reserves of a coal mine.
5) Technology of artificial island construction is available to
construct islands in water depths of 70 m.
6) Artificial islands become a focus for sea life, enhancing
the marine environment.

6. Under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the
Sea treaty (UNCLOS), artificial islands are not Sea treaty (UNCLOS), artificial islands are not
considered harbour works and are under the jurisdiction considered harbour works and are under the jurisdiction
of the nearest coastal state if within 200 nautical miles of the nearest coastal state if within 200 nautical miles
(370 km) .Artificial islands are not considered islands for (370 km) .Artificial islands are not considered islands for
purposes of having their own territorial waters or purposes of having their own territorial waters or
exclusive economic zones, and only the coastal state may exclusive economic zones, and only the coastal state may
authorize their construction. However, on the high seas authorize their construction. However, on the high seas
beyond national jurisdiction, any "state" may construct beyond national jurisdiction, any "state" may construct
artificial islands .artificial islands .
Political Status

7. DesignDesign ConsiderationsConsiderations
 water depth
 wave height range climate
 ice conditions
 tidal range
 currents
 foundation conditions
 earthquake risk
 source of materials
 shipping lanes
 existing pipelines and cables
 legal aspects
 environmental considerations
 fisheries considerations

8. LOADS IMPOSED IN DESIGN
Permanent loads
Variable loads
Environmental loads
Permanent loads
1.The weight in air of the structure and superstructures
calculated from nominal values of dimensions and mean
values of densities.
2.Equipment which cannot be removed
3.Hydrostatic external pressure and buoyancy in calm sea
conditions calculated for mean sea level.
4.Ballast including ballast water pressure
5.Permanent earth pressure

9. Variable Loads
1.Weight of equipments, materials and stores which may
be removed after the phase considered.
2.Variations in internal and external pressure from
water,oil,gas,etc. caused by normal operating of the
structure.
3.Loads due to fendering and mooring of vessels,
helicopter landing, cranes or drilling operations.
Environmental Loads
1.Wind
2.Weather loads due to heating and cooling.
3.Sea loads like wave loads, tidal loads, currents etc.
4.Earthquake and tsunami loads.

10. This islands constructed are
technically, artificial peninsulas
of sand dredged from the
bottom of the sea.
The sand is sprayed by the
dredging ships, which are
guided by GPS, onto the
required area in a process
known as rain bowing.
CONSTRUCTION OF THE ISLAND

11. Sand surcharge
Clay lumps
Inter-lump voids
Filled water
Mean sea level
Seabed
UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION
& SEA BED DREDGING

12. Place the material in the
form of lumps, directly at
the reclamation site
Sand is siphoned up from
the ocean floor, being
deposited in one of the
hoppers of the Dredge
Island

13. CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE
Temporary tube piles driven into sea bed
Temporary sheet piles and tie rods driven into sea bed
to support boundary rocks (see figure 1)

14. Permanent boundary rock is constructed like bunds & it
deposited either side of sheet piles
Hydraulic fill layers deposited between bunds to
displace sea water and form island (see figure 2)

15. Permanent concrete units are placed around island to
protect it from the waves
2m diameter 43m deep piles driven through island into
the below of the sea bed to stabilize structure (see figure
3)

16. Island interior excavated and temporary sheet piles or
coffer dam inserted
2m thick concrete plug slab laid at base of island
Reinforced concrete retaining wall built
Basement floors created (see figure 4)

17. FINALIZED RECLAMATION
ISLAND
This island include
Homes
Hotels
Offices
Agricultural lands

18. Protection of
Artificial Islands

19. BREAKWATER CONSTRUCTION
Breakwater : A structure which breaks the force of the
waves, it is constructed close to the island and acts as a
protection against strong currents and winds.
The breakwater is constructed using multiple layers of sand, a
water permeable sheet, small rocks, and layers of armour rocks
The breakwater should be constructed of rock rather than
concrete to encourage the creation of an artificial reef.
Two openings in the breakwater were created in order to
prevent the water inside from stagnating.

20. BREAKWATE
R
IMAGE : PALM JUMERIAH , DUBAI

21. FAMOUS ARTIFICIAL ISLANDS
THE WORLD- DUBAI
PALM ISLANDS - DUBAI
KANSAI AIRPORT, JAPAN

22. BURJ KHALIFA HOTEL, DUBAI

23. PROBLEMS AND CHALLANGES
1. Excessive cost involved in construction
2. Slow construction process due to limited availability
of dredgers.
3. Environmental impact due to removal and placement
of sand. Though it can be prevented through shallow
cuts.
4. Settlement of the island in deep waters, as in the case
of kansai airport, Japan
5. Excessive exposure to winds, tidal forces, earthquake
and tsunami loads. Thus special provisions are
required.
ADVANTAGE : ANY SHAPE, ANY SIZE,
ANYWHERE.

24. REFERENCES
1.Construction of offshore structures – Ben C. Gerwick –
John Wiley and sons
2.ARTIFICIAL SAND FILLS IN WATER – Centre for
civil engineering research and codes -
A.A.BALKEMA/ROTTERDAM/BROOKEFIELD.
3.Case Study : Burj Al Arab, Dubai
4.Man Made Land Features : The Palm Jumeriah and
Dubai’s Artificial Islands : Terry Austin.