This document discusses artificial intelligence and its components. It begins with definitions of artificial intelligence as making computers behave like humans and as the intelligence exhibited by machines. The field was founded in 1956 at a conference where leaders like John McCarthy established AI research. The components discussed include playing games like chess, developing expert systems, natural language processing, and robotics. It provides examples of computers defeating humans at chess and the use of robots in manufacturing.

1. COMPUTER
APPLICATION:
ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE
Made By:-
Dhrumil Shah
FYBBA Div 1
Roll No. 47

2. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
 It is the branch of computer science concerned with
making computers behave like humans.
 Wikipedia defines Artificial Intelligence as the
intelligence exhibited by machines or software, and
the branch of computer science that develops
machines and software with intelligence.
 Looking to the history of Artificial Intelligence, John
McCarthy in 1955 defines this as “the science and
engineering of making intelligent machines”.
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Computer Application

3. HISTORY
 The field of AI research was founded at a
conference on the campus of Dartmouth College in
the summer of 1956.
 The attendees, including John McCarthy, Marvin
Minsky, Allen Newell and Herbert Simon, became
the leaders of AI research for many decades. They
and their students wrote programs that were, to
most people, simply astonishing.
 Computers were solving word problems in algebra,
proving logical theorems and speaking English.
 By the mid of 1960s, research in the U.S. was
heavily funded by the Department of Defense and
laboratories had been established around the
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Computer Application

4. COMPONENTS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
There are different components of artificial
intelligence as mentioned below:
 Playing games: computers are made capable of
playing games like chess and checkers, etc.
 Expert systems: computers are programmed to
make decisions in real life situations.
 Natural language: computers are made to
understand human language by programming them
accordingly.
 Robotics: computers see and hear and also react to
other stimuli after being programmed.
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Computer Application

5. PLAYING GAMES
 The results of artificial intelligence has be the most
significant in playing games, computers have been
programmed to play games like chess and
checkers, etc.
 In the game chess and checkers, computers have
even defeated humans.
 In the year 1997, the world chess champion Gary
Kasparov was defeated by an IBM super
computer(Deep Blue) in a chess game.
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Computer Application

6. EXPERT SYSTEMS
 The computers are programmed to deal with real
life situations
 In the early 1980s, these were believed to be the
future of artificial intelligence and even of
computers.
 Many of the experts systems help the humans in
fields like medicine and engineering.
 But a major drawback in this is the cost behind
developing them. Even the use of these is possible
in some special situations.
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Computer Application

7. NATURAL LANGUAGE
 People can interact with computers without needing
any specialized knowledge through natural
processing.
 In natural language, you can simply walk up to a
computer and talk to it.
 Voice recognition system also falls under this
category. But a major setback of this is that the
computer does not understand what they are
writing. They treat it as a dictation.
 For voice recognition to be effective, one must
speak distinctly, clearly and slowly.
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Computer Application

8. ROBOTICS
 Robotics is the most widely use technology
compared to the others discussed before.
 Though used widely, they are capable of doing
limited tasks which they specialise in.
 Robots are used in assembly lines for
manufacturing complex products.
 Examples:
 Artificial Intelligence (2001)
 I, Robot (2004)
 Wall-E (2008)
 Robot (2010)
 The Terminator Series
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