The document describes several types of freshwater and marine ecosystems. It discusses streams and rivers, ponds and lakes, wetlands including marshes, swamps, and bogs. It also covers estuaries, coral reefs, kelp forests, hydrothermal vents, and the zonation of marine ecosystems from the intertidal zone to the open ocean and benthic zones. Key details are provided on the defining characteristics, locations, and common organisms found in each ecosystem.

1. Aquatic Ecosystems

2. What type of Freshwater
ecosystem are these?

3. Flowing Water

4. Streams and Rivers
• Rivers change from source point to end point (where they empty
out, usually ocean)
– Source: usually cold (water is from springs), low in nutrients and clear
• shallow and narrow
• few phytoplankton
• major producers are algae on rocks in river bed
• Arthropods in benthic zone that feed on algae and leaves
• Common fish is trout
– Downstream from source
• Wider and deeper
• Marshes and other wetlands
• Warmer and murkier water
• Phytoplankton
• Frogs, catfish, insect larvae

5. Organisms adapt

6. What type of fresh water
ecosystem is this?

7. Standing Water Ecosystem

8. Ponds and Lakes
• Water bodies with very little dissolved salt
• Standing water
• Photic zone: surface of water
– Phytoplankton and water plants that use
photosynthesis
• Aphotic zone: no light/little light
– Light levels too low to support photosynthesis
– Benthic zone
• Rock, sand, sediment
• Floor

9. Plankton
• Phytoplankton
– Unicellular
algae
– cyanobacteria
• Zooplankton
– Planktonic
animals that
feed on
phytoplankton

10. Name this marine ecosystem…

11. Fresh water Wetlands

12. Wetlands
• Aquatic ecosystem where water covers
the soil or is present near the surface
of soil for at least part of the year
• Water may be flowing or
standing, salty, or brackish
• Very productive ecosystem
• Four types

13. Small depressions where water collects
Lots of mosses
Bogs

14. Marsh

15. Marsh
Shallow wetlands along
rivers
Grass-like plants in water
Looks like river of grass

16. Swamp

17. Swamp
Water is slowly
flowing through these
wetlands
Looks like a flooded
forest

18. Name this ecosystem
(hint: unique to Florida)

20. •Covers much of south
florida
•Unique
•Water from Lake Everglades
Okeechobee flows to the
Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic
•Wet season (May to
October)
•Dry season (November to
April)
•Unique Wildlife
•Endangered species

21. Estuary
•Wetlands where rivers meet ocean
•Mix of fresh and salt water (brackish)
•Affected by rise and fall of ocean tides
•Many are shallow
•Photosynthesis plays a major role even
in benthic zone
•Primary producers are plants and
bacteria, who use both photosynthesis
and chemosynthesis
•Estuary food webs differ from other
ecosystems because primary production
is not consumed by herbivores
•Most organic material enters food web
as detritus
•Detritus: made of tiny pieces of
organic material that provide food
for organisms at the base of the
estuary food web
•Clams, worms, and sponges feed
on this
•Support large biomass
•Fewer species than fresh water
ecosystems
•2 types

22. Salt Marsh
Salt tolerant plants above low tide line
Sea grasses underwater
Found along eastern North America
(Maine to Georgia)
Chesapeake Bay in Maryland

23. Coastal estuaries found in
tropical regions
Hawaii and Florida
Salt tolerant trees
(mangroves)
Sea grasses
Prevalent in Everglades
Mangrove Swamp

24. Marine Ecosystems

25. Zones of Marine ecosystems
• 2 Main Divisions Based on Light
– Photic
• 200 m
• photosynthesis
– Aphotic
• Permanent darkness
• chemosynthesis
• Depth/Distance Divisions
– Intertidal Zone
• Rocky
• zonation
– Coastal Ocean (neritic zone)
• Low tide mark to outer edge of
continental shelf
– Open Ocean (pelagic zone)
• Edge of continental shelf and outward
• 500m to 11000m
• Largest division
– Benthic Zone
• Ocean floor
• Attached organisms…

28. Name this Marine Ecosystem

29. Intertidal Zone

30. ZONATION
prominent horizontal banding of organisms in particular
habitat

32. Coastal ocean (Neritic)

33. Kelp Forests
• Pacific Ocean
• Cold, nutrient rich water
• Support many organisms
• Grow up to 50 feet tall!

34. Open Ocean Ecosystem (largest)
(Oceanic/Pelagic)
• Phytoplankton drifting in photic layer
• Zooplankton-feed off phytoplankton
• Whales, squid, dolphins

36. Benthic Zone

38. Hydrothermal Vents
• Depth of 2,500 meters
• Spots on the ocean floor where hot
gases and minerals spew out of
Earth’s crust from its interior
• No sunlight (aphotic)
• Producers are prokaryotes that use
chemosynthesis to make hydrogen
and sulfur containing compounds
into carbohydrates they can use
• Tube worms (up to 3m long!) and
clams feed on these prokaryotes

42. Coral Reefs

43. Coral Reefs
• Biologically diverse
• Equivalent to the tropical rainforest but the watery version
• All invertebrates are found here
– Sponges, sea anemones, worms, star fish, mollusks, sea urchins
• Vertebrates also roam the reefs
– Sea turtles and tropical fish
• Reefs are formed from colonies of coral polyps
– Animals in the Phylum Cnidarian (Jellyfish phylum)
• These organisms secrete hard exoskeletons
made of calcium bicarbonate that make up the
hard, stone like base of the reef
• This is the home to many coral polyps, sponges
and algae
• Coral polyps use photosynthesis During the day
to make their own food
• Coral polyps also have stinging tentacles to help
them capture zooplankton

46. Zones of Marine ecosystems
• 2 Main Divisions Based on Light
– Photic
• 200 m
• photosynthesis
– Aphotic
• Permanent darkness
• chemosynthesis
• Depth/Distance Divisions
– Intertidal Zone
• Rocky
• zonation
– Coastal Ocean/neritic
• Low tide mark to outer edge of
continental shelf
– Open Ocean/pelagic
• Edge of continental shelf and outward
• 500m to 11000m
• Largest division
– Benthic Zone
• Ocean floor
• Attached organisms…