Aquatic biomes 2.05
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This document summarizes two main types of aquatic biomes: freshwater biomes, which include wetlands, rivers, lakes and ponds containing no salt in the water, and a variety of animal and plant life; and marine biomes, also known as the ocean, containing salt water and animal life like sharks, fish and whales, as well as plant life like plankton, algae, kelp and seaweed. Key features of each biome like climate and location are also outlined.
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Aquatic Biomes
Freshwater biomes include ponds and lakes which can be divided into littoral, limnetic, and profundal zones based on depth, streams and rivers which flow in one direction and change characteristics from source to mouth, and wetlands which support aquatic life and have high diversity but may dry out seasonally. Marine biomes contain oceans which are the largest ecosystem with many depth zones, coral reefs which are found in warm shallow water and are made of coral, and estuaries where ocean and fresh water mix creating a unique brackish environment.
Aquatic biomes
This document summarizes the major water biomes on Earth. It notes that 75% of the Earth's surface is covered by water and that most of the biosphere consists of aquatic ecosystems. It then describes the main zones of both freshwater and saltwater environments, including photic and aphotic zones, benthic zones, categories of freshwater (rivers, lakes, wetlands), coastal wetlands, estuaries, and marine zones. It provides examples of characteristic organisms found in each biome.
Aquatic biome
The aquatic biome includes freshwater and marine ecosystems. Freshwater ecosystems include lakes, ponds, rivers, and streams, which can be divided into lentic (calm water) and lotic (running water) systems. Marine ecosystems cover the vast oceans and include pelagic, benthic, abyssal, and intertidal zones. Key aquatic habitats include coral reefs, which support high biodiversity, estuaries where freshwater mixes with saltwater, and wetlands that provide habitat for many species. Aquatic ecosystems contain diverse communities of plankton, nekton that actively swim, and benthos attached to surfaces.
Aquatic communities
The document discusses various aquatic biomes. It describes the three zones of freshwater ponds and lakes: the littoral, limnetic, and profundal zones. The littoral zone near shore is home to aquatic plants, insects, amphibians, and small fish. The limnetic zone farther from shore but near the surface contains algae, zooplankton, and fish. The deep profundal zone below light penetration contains bacteria and organisms eating lake bottom debris. Wetlands are diverse ecosystems exceeded in productivity only by coral reefs. They provide flood control by storing water during heavy rain. Many wetlands are threatened by development, but protection laws aim to conserve them. Shallow ocean areas including
Marine biomeorig
The marine biome covers 70% of the Earth and includes five main oceans. It has three vertical zones - the euphotic zone where light penetrates, the disphotic zone with twilight light levels, and the deep aphotic zone. The ocean contains a diversity of life including clams, dolphins, sharks, octopuses, sea snakes, sea anemones, mangroves, phytoplankton, and seaweeds.
Aquatic biomes
Aquatic biomes occupy most of the biosphere and are divided into marine and freshwater biomes. The marine biome contains the world's oceans, which cover 70% of the Earth and are divided into layers. They provide many natural resources and support ecosystems like coral reefs and estuaries. Freshwater biomes include ponds, lakes, rivers, and wetlands and have a lower salt concentration than marine biomes. They are important sources of water, food, transportation, recreation and more.
Aquatic biomes
There are two main types of aquatic biomes: freshwater and marine. Freshwater biomes include lakes, ponds, rivers, streams, and wetlands. Marine biomes include oceans, coral reefs, and estuaries. Both freshwater and marine biomes can be physically stratified based on variables like light, temperature, and nutrients. Primary productivity in aquatic ecosystems is limited by available light, nutrients, and temperature, with nutrients often being the limiting factor for growth.
Marine biome
The marine biome covers 70% of the Earth and includes all salty bodies of water like the seven major oceans divided into three layers - the euphotic zone where light reaches, the disphotic twilight zone, and the deep apotic zone without light. It contains a diversity of marine flora like seaweeds, phytoplankton, mangroves and cabbage as well as fauna such as clams, dolphins, octopus, sharks and sea snakes.
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Aquatic Biomes
Freshwater biomes include ponds and lakes which can be divided into littoral, limnetic, and profundal zones based on depth, streams and rivers which flow in one direction and change characteristics from source to mouth, and wetlands which support aquatic life and have high diversity but may dry out seasonally. Marine biomes contain oceans which are the largest ecosystem with many depth zones, coral reefs which are found in warm shallow water and are made of coral, and estuaries where ocean and fresh water mix creating a unique brackish environment.
Aquatic biomes
This document summarizes the major water biomes on Earth. It notes that 75% of the Earth's surface is covered by water and that most of the biosphere consists of aquatic ecosystems. It then describes the main zones of both freshwater and saltwater environments, including photic and aphotic zones, benthic zones, categories of freshwater (rivers, lakes, wetlands), coastal wetlands, estuaries, and marine zones. It provides examples of characteristic organisms found in each biome.
Aquatic biome
The aquatic biome includes freshwater and marine ecosystems. Freshwater ecosystems include lakes, ponds, rivers, and streams, which can be divided into lentic (calm water) and lotic (running water) systems. Marine ecosystems cover the vast oceans and include pelagic, benthic, abyssal, and intertidal zones. Key aquatic habitats include coral reefs, which support high biodiversity, estuaries where freshwater mixes with saltwater, and wetlands that provide habitat for many species. Aquatic ecosystems contain diverse communities of plankton, nekton that actively swim, and benthos attached to surfaces.
Aquatic communities
The document discusses various aquatic biomes. It describes the three zones of freshwater ponds and lakes: the littoral, limnetic, and profundal zones. The littoral zone near shore is home to aquatic plants, insects, amphibians, and small fish. The limnetic zone farther from shore but near the surface contains algae, zooplankton, and fish. The deep profundal zone below light penetration contains bacteria and organisms eating lake bottom debris. Wetlands are diverse ecosystems exceeded in productivity only by coral reefs. They provide flood control by storing water during heavy rain. Many wetlands are threatened by development, but protection laws aim to conserve them. Shallow ocean areas including
Marine biomeorig
The marine biome covers 70% of the Earth and includes five main oceans. It has three vertical zones - the euphotic zone where light penetrates, the disphotic zone with twilight light levels, and the deep aphotic zone. The ocean contains a diversity of life including clams, dolphins, sharks, octopuses, sea snakes, sea anemones, mangroves, phytoplankton, and seaweeds.
Aquatic biomes
Aquatic biomes occupy most of the biosphere and are divided into marine and freshwater biomes. The marine biome contains the world's oceans, which cover 70% of the Earth and are divided into layers. They provide many natural resources and support ecosystems like coral reefs and estuaries. Freshwater biomes include ponds, lakes, rivers, and wetlands and have a lower salt concentration than marine biomes. They are important sources of water, food, transportation, recreation and more.
Aquatic biomes
There are two main types of aquatic biomes: freshwater and marine. Freshwater biomes include lakes, ponds, rivers, streams, and wetlands. Marine biomes include oceans, coral reefs, and estuaries. Both freshwater and marine biomes can be physically stratified based on variables like light, temperature, and nutrients. Primary productivity in aquatic ecosystems is limited by available light, nutrients, and temperature, with nutrients often being the limiting factor for growth.
Marine biome
The marine biome covers 70% of the Earth and includes all salty bodies of water like the seven major oceans divided into three layers - the euphotic zone where light reaches, the disphotic twilight zone, and the deep apotic zone without light. It contains a diversity of marine flora like seaweeds, phytoplankton, mangroves and cabbage as well as fauna such as clams, dolphins, octopus, sharks and sea snakes.
Biomes freshwater
This document provides information about various freshwater biomes including wetlands, rivers, lakes, and how humans interact with these environments. Wetlands are found globally and have waterlogged soils that support over 5,000 plant species. Rivers flow from headwaters to mouths, changing in characteristics along their path. Lakes range widely in size and depth, supporting diverse shoreline and open water ecosystems. Freshwater biomes are crucial for human water supply but are threatened by pollution and activities like dam construction that can harm native species.
Marine Biomes
Marine biomes make up the largest percentage of aquatic biomes on Earth and involve a medium to high percentage of salt in the water. They include oceans, coral reefs, and estuaries. Coral reefs are usually found in shallow, warm waters and are important for controlling carbon dioxide levels and protecting coasts from strong currents. Estuaries involve both freshwater and salt water, protecting water quality while serving as centers of coastal communities. Marine biomes contribute substantially to global oxygen production and carbon dioxide absorption.
1st Period Marine Wildlife
The document discusses various aspects of marine life found in ocean biomes. It describes coral reefs as structures produced by living organisms that cover large areas of tropical oceans. It provides examples of common marine plants like coral and seaweed. Typical animal marine life discussed include otters, clownfish, and jellyfish. It also notes that coral reefs are animals, not plants, and that sharks are no longer endangered. The document concludes that the ocean contains many diverse plant and animal types and that some marine life, like clownfish, demonstrate intelligence.
zonations of sea and ecological classification of marine biota
The document discusses the different zones of the marine environment and the organisms found within them. It describes two main zones: the pelagic zone, which includes the water column, and is further divided based on light penetration and depth; and the benthic zone, which includes the ocean floor and seabed. It also classifies marine organisms as plankton in the pelagic zone, nekton as active swimmers, or benthos living in or on the seabed.
Freshwater biomes
Freshwater biomes can be characterized by their salt concentration, links to surrounding terrestrial environments, and water flow patterns. Lakes and ponds are bodies of standing freshwater that can be classified as oligotrophic, mesotrophic, or eutrophic depending on their nutrient levels. Rivers and streams transport water from headwaters to mouths, with zones that change from clear and rocky to wider and silty based on elevation and sediment load. Wetlands are rich freshwater habitats that support hydrophytic plants like marshes, swamps, and bogs.
Water ecosystem
This document groups bodies of water into flowing water like streams and rivers, and still water like lakes and ponds. It also discusses different aquatic ecosystems like estuaries where freshwater and ocean ecosystems meet, and marshes and swamps that are wet during some or all of the year. Algae lives near the ocean's surface to photosynthesize using sunlight.
Aquatic life ppt
This document discusses aquatic life in Oregon from the smallest organisms to fish. It begins by describing phytoplankton as microscopic algae that photosynthesize and provide a food source. Macrophytes are larger aquatic plants including algae, ferns, and flowering plants that grow in shallow lakes. Zooplankton and benthos inhabit the water and sediment, with zooplankton including rotifers and crustaceans and benthos containing worms, clams, and insect larvae. The document concludes by covering Oregon's native and introduced fish species, noting over 90 species including salmon, trout, suckers and introducing threats from invasive species.
Libunao, christine jamille
The aquatic biome covers nearly 75% of the Earth's surface and can be divided into fresh water and marine water regions. Fresh water regions have low salt concentrations, while marine water regions make up the largest biome. Aquatic biomes include ponds, lakes, streams, rivers, wetlands, oceans, coral reefs, and estuaries. These contain zones like littoral, limnetic, profundal, and benthic that each support different types of plants and animals.
Aquatic Ecosystems
The document discusses different types of aquatic ecosystems including freshwater and marine environments. Freshwater ecosystems include flowing water, standing water, wetlands like bogs and marshes, and the unique Everglades region of Florida. Marine ecosystems are divided into photic and aphotic zones based on light levels, and include intertidal zones, coastal oceans, open oceans, and benthic zones on the ocean floor, such as kelp forests and coral reefs.
stratification of water environments -
The document stratifies different aquatic biomes as follows:
1. Freshwater biomes include ponds, lakes, streams and rivers. Ponds and lakes are divided into littoral, limnetic and profundal zones. Streams and rivers have headwaters, middle sections and mouths.
2. Transitional waters between freshwater and saltwater include estuaries and wetlands. Wetlands are divided into mineral soil and organic soil types. Estuaries have four formation types.
3. Marine biomes include the intertidal zone, neritic zone, oceanic zone and benthic zone. The intertidal zone is the area between high and low tide lines with changing conditions
Marine ecosystems
This document describes several types of marine ecosystems: estuaries, salt marshes, mangrove swamps, rocky shores, sandy shores, barrier islands, and coral reefs. Estuaries are transition areas where fresh water from rivers mixes with salt water from the ocean, creating very nutrient-rich environments that support a high diversity of plants like eelgrass and cordgrass, and animals including blue crabs, fish, birds, and mammals. Coral reefs are structures built by corals in warm, sunlit, shallow ocean waters that provide habitat for numerous species.
Freshwater Ecosystems
Freshwater ecosystems include rivers, streams, lakes, ponds, and wetlands. They make up a small fraction of the Earth's total water but support a diversity of habitats and species. Rivers and streams flow with cold, oxygen-rich water and can broaden and slow downstream. Lakes and ponds differ in size, with ponds being smaller and sometimes seasonal. Wetlands, including marshes and swamps, act as filters to clean water and protect shorelines from erosion. Freshwater ecosystems face threats from pollution and development.
Lake ecosystem report enoch bareng taclan
Lakes and ponds vary greatly in size and can form through geological, glacial, volcanic, or other natural processes. They support a diversity of plant and animal life adapted to different zones defined by water depth, temperature, and light availability. Larger lakes are often classified as oligotrophic or eutrophic based on nutrient levels, which influence productivity. Species inhabiting lakes and ponds perform important ecological functions like providing fresh water and supporting food webs, but these ecosystems also face threats from pollution and eutrophication.
Marine ecology ppt
This document provides an overview of marine ecology and ocean zones. It begins by outlining the objectives and essential question regarding marine ecology and ocean zonation. It then defines marine ecology as the study of biotic and abiotic interactions in marine ecosystems. The document proceeds to describe the five oceans on Earth and the key features of marine ecology, including the vastness and salinity of the ocean. It also outlines the horizontal zones of the ocean including the intertidal, neretic and oceanic zones. Finally, it details the vertical zonation of ocean life based on depth and light availability.
STRATIFICATION OF MARINE ECOSYSTEM
This document summarizes the stratification and zonation of marine ecosystems. It defines stratification as different water masses acting as barriers based on properties like temperature and salinity. The oceans are divided into horizontal zones based on factors like sunlight, depth, and distance from shore and vertical zones based on light penetration. The major horizontal zones discussed are the coastal, intertidal, euphotic, bathyal, abyssal, and deep sea zones. The major vertical zones are the photic and aphotic zones. Coral reefs are also summarized as highly biodiverse ecosystems in the coastal zone that rely on a symbiotic relationship between corals and algae.
Great Lakes Basin Ecosystem
The document provides information on the Great Lakes ecosystem, including its fish, bird, plant, and mammal species. It describes the lake trout, brook trout, lake sturgeon, yellow perch, pumpkinseed sunfish, smallmouth bass, largemouth bass, walleye, Chinook salmon, and coho salmon. It also lists bird species like the American bittern, northern goshawk, and bald eagle. Key plant species discussed are the blue violet, white oak, white lady-slipper, snow trillium, and white pine. Mammal species mentioned are the timber wolf, white-tailed deer, coyote, black squirrel, otter, and raccoon.
Marine ecosystem
This document provides an overview of various marine ecosystems. It describes ecosystems found in sandy beaches, rocky shores, salt marshes, coral reefs, mangroves, the deep sea, and hydrothermal vents. For each ecosystem, it lists some of the key marine species that inhabit that environment, such as algae, invertebrates like crabs and worms, fish, birds, and marine mammals. The document emphasizes that marine ecosystems cover most of the Earth and contain tremendous biodiversity.
Marine ecosystem
The document summarizes several marine ecosystems. It describes how oceans cover 70% of the Earth's surface and include shorelines like tidal flats and mangrove forests. Specific ecosystems are found around the world, depending on climate and geography. These include coral reefs, estuaries, salt marshes, mangrove forests, and the deep sea. Salt marshes are coastal wetlands flooded by tides that are dominated by salt-tolerant grasses. The intertidal zone is the shore area above and below the water line during tides, containing habitats for starfish and coral. Mangroves are salt-tolerant trees adapted to harsh coastal conditions.
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Estuaries Ecosystem : Where River Meets Ocean
Everything about estuary ecosystem has been elaborated including Introduction, Types, Physical and Chemical Characteristics , Biota, Marsh Lands, Mangrove Forests, Food Web, Threats, Conservation, Restoration etc....
Plant responses to the environment
Plant responses to environmental stimuli are called tropisms. Tropisms describe the growth or turning movement of a plant in response to external factors and can be positive, towards the stimulus, or negative, away from the stimulus. The main tropisms include phototropism, where plants grow towards light; geotropism, where plants grow towards or against gravity; thigmotropism, where plants respond to physical touch; and hydrotropism, where plants sense and grow towards sources of water.
Protista Kingdom
Protists are eukaryotic organisms that are mostly single-celled and can reproduce both sexually and asexually. They are decomposers and consumers. There are three main groups of protists: fungus-like protists, plant-like protists called algae, and animal-like protists called protozoa. Protozoa move using flagella, cilia, pseudopods, or they cannot move if they are parasitic. Some disease-causing protists are Giardia, which causes diarrhea, and Plasmodium, which is carried by mosquitoes and causes malaria.
Seed plants characteristics
Seed plants have three main characteristics: 1) they have vascular tissue that transports nutrients and water throughout the plant, 2) they reproduce using seeds, and 3) they have a complex life cycle involving sporophytes and gametophytes. Seeds contain an embryo, stored food, and a protective seed coat. The embryo develops into a new plant, the stored food nourishes the embryo's growth, and the seed coat protects these parts. Leaves capture sunlight for photosynthesis, stems transport nutrients and provide structure/support, and roots anchor the plant and absorb water and nutrients.
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Biomes freshwater
This document provides information about various freshwater biomes including wetlands, rivers, lakes, and how humans interact with these environments. Wetlands are found globally and have waterlogged soils that support over 5,000 plant species. Rivers flow from headwaters to mouths, changing in characteristics along their path. Lakes range widely in size and depth, supporting diverse shoreline and open water ecosystems. Freshwater biomes are crucial for human water supply but are threatened by pollution and activities like dam construction that can harm native species.
Marine Biomes
Marine biomes make up the largest percentage of aquatic biomes on Earth and involve a medium to high percentage of salt in the water. They include oceans, coral reefs, and estuaries. Coral reefs are usually found in shallow, warm waters and are important for controlling carbon dioxide levels and protecting coasts from strong currents. Estuaries involve both freshwater and salt water, protecting water quality while serving as centers of coastal communities. Marine biomes contribute substantially to global oxygen production and carbon dioxide absorption.
1st Period Marine Wildlife
The document discusses various aspects of marine life found in ocean biomes. It describes coral reefs as structures produced by living organisms that cover large areas of tropical oceans. It provides examples of common marine plants like coral and seaweed. Typical animal marine life discussed include otters, clownfish, and jellyfish. It also notes that coral reefs are animals, not plants, and that sharks are no longer endangered. The document concludes that the ocean contains many diverse plant and animal types and that some marine life, like clownfish, demonstrate intelligence.
zonations of sea and ecological classification of marine biota
The document discusses the different zones of the marine environment and the organisms found within them. It describes two main zones: the pelagic zone, which includes the water column, and is further divided based on light penetration and depth; and the benthic zone, which includes the ocean floor and seabed. It also classifies marine organisms as plankton in the pelagic zone, nekton as active swimmers, or benthos living in or on the seabed.
Freshwater biomes
Freshwater biomes can be characterized by their salt concentration, links to surrounding terrestrial environments, and water flow patterns. Lakes and ponds are bodies of standing freshwater that can be classified as oligotrophic, mesotrophic, or eutrophic depending on their nutrient levels. Rivers and streams transport water from headwaters to mouths, with zones that change from clear and rocky to wider and silty based on elevation and sediment load. Wetlands are rich freshwater habitats that support hydrophytic plants like marshes, swamps, and bogs.
Water ecosystem
This document groups bodies of water into flowing water like streams and rivers, and still water like lakes and ponds. It also discusses different aquatic ecosystems like estuaries where freshwater and ocean ecosystems meet, and marshes and swamps that are wet during some or all of the year. Algae lives near the ocean's surface to photosynthesize using sunlight.
Aquatic life ppt
This document discusses aquatic life in Oregon from the smallest organisms to fish. It begins by describing phytoplankton as microscopic algae that photosynthesize and provide a food source. Macrophytes are larger aquatic plants including algae, ferns, and flowering plants that grow in shallow lakes. Zooplankton and benthos inhabit the water and sediment, with zooplankton including rotifers and crustaceans and benthos containing worms, clams, and insect larvae. The document concludes by covering Oregon's native and introduced fish species, noting over 90 species including salmon, trout, suckers and introducing threats from invasive species.
Libunao, christine jamille
The aquatic biome covers nearly 75% of the Earth's surface and can be divided into fresh water and marine water regions. Fresh water regions have low salt concentrations, while marine water regions make up the largest biome. Aquatic biomes include ponds, lakes, streams, rivers, wetlands, oceans, coral reefs, and estuaries. These contain zones like littoral, limnetic, profundal, and benthic that each support different types of plants and animals.
Aquatic Ecosystems
The document discusses different types of aquatic ecosystems including freshwater and marine environments. Freshwater ecosystems include flowing water, standing water, wetlands like bogs and marshes, and the unique Everglades region of Florida. Marine ecosystems are divided into photic and aphotic zones based on light levels, and include intertidal zones, coastal oceans, open oceans, and benthic zones on the ocean floor, such as kelp forests and coral reefs.
stratification of water environments -
The document stratifies different aquatic biomes as follows:
1. Freshwater biomes include ponds, lakes, streams and rivers. Ponds and lakes are divided into littoral, limnetic and profundal zones. Streams and rivers have headwaters, middle sections and mouths.
2. Transitional waters between freshwater and saltwater include estuaries and wetlands. Wetlands are divided into mineral soil and organic soil types. Estuaries have four formation types.
3. Marine biomes include the intertidal zone, neritic zone, oceanic zone and benthic zone. The intertidal zone is the area between high and low tide lines with changing conditions
Marine ecosystems
This document describes several types of marine ecosystems: estuaries, salt marshes, mangrove swamps, rocky shores, sandy shores, barrier islands, and coral reefs. Estuaries are transition areas where fresh water from rivers mixes with salt water from the ocean, creating very nutrient-rich environments that support a high diversity of plants like eelgrass and cordgrass, and animals including blue crabs, fish, birds, and mammals. Coral reefs are structures built by corals in warm, sunlit, shallow ocean waters that provide habitat for numerous species.
Freshwater Ecosystems
Freshwater ecosystems include rivers, streams, lakes, ponds, and wetlands. They make up a small fraction of the Earth's total water but support a diversity of habitats and species. Rivers and streams flow with cold, oxygen-rich water and can broaden and slow downstream. Lakes and ponds differ in size, with ponds being smaller and sometimes seasonal. Wetlands, including marshes and swamps, act as filters to clean water and protect shorelines from erosion. Freshwater ecosystems face threats from pollution and development.
Lake ecosystem report enoch bareng taclan
Lakes and ponds vary greatly in size and can form through geological, glacial, volcanic, or other natural processes. They support a diversity of plant and animal life adapted to different zones defined by water depth, temperature, and light availability. Larger lakes are often classified as oligotrophic or eutrophic based on nutrient levels, which influence productivity. Species inhabiting lakes and ponds perform important ecological functions like providing fresh water and supporting food webs, but these ecosystems also face threats from pollution and eutrophication.
Marine ecology ppt
This document provides an overview of marine ecology and ocean zones. It begins by outlining the objectives and essential question regarding marine ecology and ocean zonation. It then defines marine ecology as the study of biotic and abiotic interactions in marine ecosystems. The document proceeds to describe the five oceans on Earth and the key features of marine ecology, including the vastness and salinity of the ocean. It also outlines the horizontal zones of the ocean including the intertidal, neretic and oceanic zones. Finally, it details the vertical zonation of ocean life based on depth and light availability.
STRATIFICATION OF MARINE ECOSYSTEM
This document summarizes the stratification and zonation of marine ecosystems. It defines stratification as different water masses acting as barriers based on properties like temperature and salinity. The oceans are divided into horizontal zones based on factors like sunlight, depth, and distance from shore and vertical zones based on light penetration. The major horizontal zones discussed are the coastal, intertidal, euphotic, bathyal, abyssal, and deep sea zones. The major vertical zones are the photic and aphotic zones. Coral reefs are also summarized as highly biodiverse ecosystems in the coastal zone that rely on a symbiotic relationship between corals and algae.
Great Lakes Basin Ecosystem
The document provides information on the Great Lakes ecosystem, including its fish, bird, plant, and mammal species. It describes the lake trout, brook trout, lake sturgeon, yellow perch, pumpkinseed sunfish, smallmouth bass, largemouth bass, walleye, Chinook salmon, and coho salmon. It also lists bird species like the American bittern, northern goshawk, and bald eagle. Key plant species discussed are the blue violet, white oak, white lady-slipper, snow trillium, and white pine. Mammal species mentioned are the timber wolf, white-tailed deer, coyote, black squirrel, otter, and raccoon.
Marine ecosystem
This document provides an overview of various marine ecosystems. It describes ecosystems found in sandy beaches, rocky shores, salt marshes, coral reefs, mangroves, the deep sea, and hydrothermal vents. For each ecosystem, it lists some of the key marine species that inhabit that environment, such as algae, invertebrates like crabs and worms, fish, birds, and marine mammals. The document emphasizes that marine ecosystems cover most of the Earth and contain tremendous biodiversity.
Marine ecosystem
The document summarizes several marine ecosystems. It describes how oceans cover 70% of the Earth's surface and include shorelines like tidal flats and mangrove forests. Specific ecosystems are found around the world, depending on climate and geography. These include coral reefs, estuaries, salt marshes, mangrove forests, and the deep sea. Salt marshes are coastal wetlands flooded by tides that are dominated by salt-tolerant grasses. The intertidal zone is the shore area above and below the water line during tides, containing habitats for starfish and coral. Mangroves are salt-tolerant trees adapted to harsh coastal conditions.
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zonations of sea and ecological classification of marine biota
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Plant responses to the environment
Plant responses to environmental stimuli are called tropisms. Tropisms describe the growth or turning movement of a plant in response to external factors and can be positive, towards the stimulus, or negative, away from the stimulus. The main tropisms include phototropism, where plants grow towards light; geotropism, where plants grow towards or against gravity; thigmotropism, where plants respond to physical touch; and hydrotropism, where plants sense and grow towards sources of water.
Protista Kingdom
Protists are eukaryotic organisms that are mostly single-celled and can reproduce both sexually and asexually. They are decomposers and consumers. There are three main groups of protists: fungus-like protists, plant-like protists called algae, and animal-like protists called protozoa. Protozoa move using flagella, cilia, pseudopods, or they cannot move if they are parasitic. Some disease-causing protists are Giardia, which causes diarrhea, and Plasmodium, which is carried by mosquitoes and causes malaria.
Seed plants characteristics
Seed plants have three main characteristics: 1) they have vascular tissue that transports nutrients and water throughout the plant, 2) they reproduce using seeds, and 3) they have a complex life cycle involving sporophytes and gametophytes. Seeds contain an embryo, stored food, and a protective seed coat. The embryo develops into a new plant, the stored food nourishes the embryo's growth, and the seed coat protects these parts. Leaves capture sunlight for photosynthesis, stems transport nutrients and provide structure/support, and roots anchor the plant and absorb water and nutrients.
Plant kingdom characteristis
Plants share three key characteristics: they are eukaryotic, multicellular, and autotrophic, obtaining their energy through photosynthesis. They have five adaptations for living on land: obtaining water and minerals from soil through root systems; retaining water through a cuticle layer; transporting materials through vascular tissue and cells; supporting their bodies through leaves exposed to sunlight and vascular tissue; and most engaging in sexual reproduction through fertilization. Plants have a complex life cycle with two alternating stages - the sporophyte stage produces spores, while the gametophyte stage produces sex cells that fuse to form a zygote and restart the cycle.
Plant divisions mosses and ferns
The document summarizes the characteristics and life cycles of nonvascular and seedless vascular plants. It describes two divisions of plants - nonvascular plants like moss that lack roots, stems, and leaves, and vascular plants that have transport tissues. Moss and liverworts are examples of nonvascular plants that reproduce via alternation of generations between sporophyte and gametophyte stages. Ferns are an example of seedless vascular plants that have true stems, roots, and leaves called fronds. Their life cycle also involves alternation between sporophyte and gametophyte stages. Ferns and other seedless plants were important in forming peat bogs and peat, which was used as fuel.
Plant divisions gymnosperms and angiosperms
This document summarizes the key characteristics and divisions of vascular seed plants. It describes the two main groups, gymnosperms and angiosperms. Gymnosperms produce naked seeds on cone scales, lack flowers, and have needle-like or scale-like leaves. They are divided into four groups including conifers. Angiosperms enclose seeds in an ovary that develops into a fruit. They are characterized by flowers and are divided into monocots and dicots.
Plant characteristics
Plant characteristics include being made of cells with DNA, cell walls, and chloroplasts. They are multicellular producers that make their own food through photosynthesis. There are two main types of plants: nonvascular and vascular. Nonvascular plants like mosses and liverworts do not have roots, stems or leaves, lack vascular tissue, and reproduce through spores. Vascular plants contain vascular tissue to transport food and water, and some contain seeds while others reproduce through spores.
Parts of a flower
The document describes the main parts of a flower, including the petals that attract insects, the pistil made up of the stigma, style and ovary that receives and protects pollen and ovules, the stamens that contain pollen in anthers, and the sepals that protect the developing flower bud. It explains the functions of each part in plant reproduction, such as the style raising the stigma to reduce self-pollination and the ovary protecting the ovule to later become the fruit after fertilization.
Parts of a flower notes
This document describes the main parts of a flower, including the petals that attract insects, the pistil made up of the stigma, style and ovary that receives and protects pollen and ovules, the stamens that produce and release pollen, and the sepals that protect the developing flower bud. It provides details on the functions of each part in plant reproduction and fertilization.
Fungi Kingdom
Fungi are single or multi-cellular organisms that are eukaryotic, have cell walls, and reproduce via spores. There are several types of fungi including mushrooms, shelf fungi, molds, and yeasts. Fungi can act as decomposers to break down dead organic matter and recycle nutrients or cause harm by destroying crops, spoiling food, and causing diseases in plants and animals.
5.00 History of time
Fossils, Molds, Casts provides information about fossils and the geological time scale. It aims to describe how fossils record Earth's history and evidence of evolution. Key points include that fossils are preserved plants and animals, the law of superposition establishes layer age relationships, and absolute dating determines fossil ages in years using radioisotope methods. The geological time scale is a calendar used by scientists to outline Earth and life history, broken into eras like the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic. Mass extinctions have occurred throughout Earth's history.
5.03 Evolution
Phones and personal music devices have changed significantly over time. The document discusses key concepts from evolution including species, adaptations, Charles Darwin, and his observations of finches in the Galapagos Islands. It notes that adaptations arise due to DNA mutations and are not chosen by organisms, helping them survive and reproduce based on their environment.
5.03 Evolution evidence
This document provides information about evidence for evolution through fossils, vestigial structures, similar skeletal structures, similar DNA, and similar embryonic structures. It defines key terms like fossils, ancestors, and vestigial structures. Examples of each type of evidence are described, such as whale leg bones as vestigial structures. Students are assigned a creative writing task or collage to explain the five types of evidence for evolution.
5.03 Evolution evidence
This document provides information about evidence for evolution through fossils, vestigial structures, similar skeletal structures, similar DNA, and similar embryonic structures. It defines key terms like fossils, ancestors, and vestigial structures. Examples of each type of evidence are described, such as whale leg bones as vestigial structures. Students are assigned a creative writing task or collage to explain the five types of evidence for evolution.
5.00 Animal adaptations
1. An adaptation is anything that helps an organism survive in its environment. Adaptations develop over many generations through evolution, not during an individual animal's lifetime.
2. There are several types of adaptations including structural adaptations like physical features, behavioral adaptations like ways animals act, camouflage to blend into surroundings, mimicry where animals resemble other dangerous species, and warning coloration where bright colors signal being poisonous.
3. Examples of adaptations include a bird's beak shape, a rabbit freezing when scared, a snake's camouflage patterns, a monarch butterfly mimicking the viceroy, and poisonous coral snakes having distinctive black-yellow-red banding.
5.00 the earth’s history
The document discusses theories about the Earth's history, including relative dating which estimates the age of fossils based on their position in layers, absolute dating which determines age based on unstable atoms, and the geologic time scale which outlines life on Earth. It also defines key terms like extinct species, Pangaea as the land once connected into one continent, and plate tectonics as the theory of crustal plates moving over time.
5.03 natural selection
This document provides notes on natural selection. It begins by stating the objective is to explain how natural selection works. It then outlines the four main steps of natural selection: 1) overproduction where each species produces more offspring than will survive, 2) genetic variation between individuals provides different traits that help or hurt survival, 3) struggle to survive and competition for limited resources means only some individuals survive to adulthood, 4) successful reproduction where the individuals best adapted to the environment are more likely to survive and pass on their genes, leading to evolution over long periods of time. Examples of adaptations like camouflage and fast swimming are provided. The document asks questions to check understanding of natural vs artificial selection and factors controlling natural selection.
5.00 Animal phylum
1. Animals are multicellular organisms that obtain energy by consuming other organisms. They are classified as vertebrates, which have backbones, or invertebrates, which do not.
2. The document describes several animal phyla - Cnidaria, which includes jellyfish and coral, have stinging cells; Annelida includes segmented worms; Mollusks have a muscular foot and shells; Echinodermata are spiny with radial symmetry and tube feet; Arthropoda are the most successful and include insects, spiders, and crustaceans; and Chordata are backboned and include fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.
3.
5.00 dichotomous keys 2010
Dichotomous keys are tools used by scientists to classify organisms. They are arranged in steps with two descriptive statements at each step, where one statement leads to the next step or the name of the organism. Dichotomous keys help scientists methodically sort and identify organisms based on observable characteristics.
5.07 classification kingdoms
This document outlines the six kingdoms of classification: Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plant, and Animal. It provides details on the key characteristics of each kingdom, including whether they are prokaryotic or eukaryotic, unicellular or multicellular, producers or consumers, and how they reproduce. Examples are given for each kingdom, such as archaebacteria living in extreme environments, eubacteria including decomposer bacteria, protista including algae and amoebas, fungi being decomposers like mushrooms and mold, plants being producers that undergo photosynthesis, and animals being able to move and being consumers.
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Aquatic biomes 2.05
- 2. Freshwater • NO SALT IN THE WATER!!
- 3. Examples • Wetlands—land that is saturated with water examples: Marshes & Swamps • Rivers • Lakes • Ponds
- 4. Climate • Can be found in mostly any climate
- 5. Animals • • • • • Fish Ducks Invertebrates—crayfish, shrimp, insects, etc. Amphibians Reptiles
- 6. Plants • Cattails • Water lilies • Moss
- 7. Marine • THE OCEAN!! • Salt Water!
- 8. Location • Oceans— Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic, Southern
- 9. Climate • Gets colder and darker the deeper it gets. • Some places never get sunlight.
- 11. Plants • Plankton, algae, kelp & seaweed (protists)