Cell Division: Mitosis explained

1. MitosisType of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the
same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus
Essence Perry

2. ● Occurs only in "somatic" or body cells
● Large cells have difficulty transporting enough nutrients
across their membrane
● Cells are limited in size by their SURFACE AREA and
VOLUME ratio
● Reproduce cells
● Repair damaged cells
● Growth
● Development
● Aging
● Clotting
Purpose of Mitosis

3. ● Cell is in a resting
phase
● Performing “normal”
cell functions
● DNA replicates
(copies)
● Organelles double in
number: to prepare for
division
1. Interphase

4. ● Chromatids visible
● Centrioles migrate to
the poles
● Nuclear membrane
and nucleolus
disappears
● Spindle fibers form
2. Prophase

5. ● Chromosomes line
up along the
equator
● Chromosome
pairs attach to
spindle fibers
3. Metaphase

6. ● Chromatids
separate and move
to opposite poles
(ends of cells)
● Sister chromatids
split
4. Anaphase

7. ● Chromosomes
disappear (becoming
chromatin) rods to
threads
● Nuclear membrane
reforms
● Nucleolus reappears
● Spindle disappears
● Centrioles duplicate
5. Telophase

8. ● Division of the cytoplasm
● Form 2 new daughter cells
● Organelles are divided
● Daughter cells are genetically
identical
● Cells return to interphase
● Cytokinesis takes two forms,
depending on the cell…
6. Cytokinesis

9. Plants:
● New Cell Wall forms
between the two new
cells
Animals:
● Cell pinches inward and
then splits into two
6.2 Cytokinesis

10. Vocabulary
Cancer – cells lose the ability to control growth and continue to divide.
G1 –phase of the cell cycle after cell division, growth and daily life
S Phase –Replication or synthesis of DNA and associated proteins that happens before
cells divide.
G2 –Phase of the cell cycle when cells prepare for cell division by making more
organelles and cytoplasm.
Chromosome –Thread like structure within the nucleus containing genetic information.
Made of DNA coiled around proteins.
Chromatid –half of a duplicated chromosome. One of two “sister” parts, makes half of the
“X”
Centromere –area where sister chromatids of a chromosome attach.
Centriole –tiny microtubule structure located in the cytoplasm that helps create the
spindle fibers.
Spindle –helps separate the chromosomes during mitosis. Fan shaped structure made of
microtubules.