Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing industry all over the world and is the most promising industry for food security and give animal nutrition. the role of genetics in aquaculture is very significant. lets try to know some genetics role in aquaculture.

1. ROLE OF
GENETICS IN
AQUACULTURE
AKSHAY MANDAL
M.Sc. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF MARINE LIVING RESOURCES
ANDHRA UNIVERSITY,VISAKHAPATNAM
Email- akshaymandal2023@gmail.com

2. WHAT IS GENETICS?
GENETICS IS A BRANCH OF BIOLOGY CONCERNED WITH THE STUDY OF GENES,
GENETICS VARIATION, AND HEREDITY IN THE ORGANISMS.
GREGOR MENDEL, SCIENTIST AND AUGUSTINIAN FRIAR, DISCOVERED GENETICS IN
LATE 19th CENTURY.

3. WHAT IS FISH GENETICS ?
 Application of genetic principles and methods for
increasing aquaculture productivity by genetically
modifying living aquatic organisms or part of
these organisms and for management of wild fish
populations to obtain maximum sustainable yield
without affecting genetic diversity

4. APPLICATION OF GENETICS IN
AQUACULTURE
INTRODUCTION:-
1)The wild harvest of fish, invertebrate (mainly mollusk and crustaceans) and aquatic
plant mainly sea weed, are the important source of nutrition.
2)It is not only believe and consume by from today (modern day) but from ancient
time.
3)today aquaculture and capture fisheries directly employ over 180 million people ,
supporting the livelihood of 8% of the worlds population and each sector provide 50%
of the worlds aquatic food supply
4)Data/stat:- There are more than 31,000 species of fin fish, 85,000 species of
mollusk, 47,000 species of the crustaceans and 13,000 species of seaweed, with more
than 5000 species accessed in the wild fisheries and about 400 species used in
aquaculture.
5)The application of genetics principle to aquatic species used In the aquaculture is
the recent phenomenon and sector has not yet made full use of available technologies
to increase the production as the other food producing sector have done.

5. SELECTIVE BREEDING
 GROWTH RATE IS THE CHARACTERSTICS MOST OFTEN IMPROVED IN THE
SELECTION BREEDING PROGRAMMES AND INCREASE UPTO 20% GENERATION
HAVE BEEN REPORTED.
 TRAIT SUCH AS DISEASE AND STRESS RESISTANCE, TIMMING OF THE MATURITY
AND FLESH QUALITY ARE NOW INCREASING.
 THE DISEASE RESSISTANCE THE ADOPTION OF DOMESTICATED AND GENERALLY
IMPROVED IN WHITELEG SHRIMP (PENAEUS VANNAMEI).
 ANOTHER POTENTIAL APPLICATION OF GENECTICS SELMINE TEECTION
TECNIQUES IS THE AREA OF ENHANCING FEED UTILIZATION,i.e. TO DETERMINE
WETHER CARNIVOROUS FISH WITH CAPACITY FOR PROTIEN UTILIZATION AS THE
MAIN ENEREGY SOURCE CAN BE GENETICALLY SELECTED.

6. GENETIC ENGINEERING
 GENETICS ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY IS NOW BEGINNING TO FIND
APPLICATION IN THE PRODUCTION OF AQUACULTURE FEED TO ASSIST IN
REDUCING THE DEPENDENCY ON THE FISHMEAL AND FISH OIL AND TO IMPROVE
THE TERRESTRIAL ANIMAL AND PLANT BASED FEED INGREDIENT.

 • EX-GENETICALLY ENGINEERED YEAST FOR THE PRODUCTION OF IMPORTANT
FEED INGREDIENT SUCH AS FISH GROWTH HARMONE AND CAROTENOID
PIGMENT.

7. HYBRIDIZATION AND CROSS BREEDING
 CROSS BREEDING AND HYBRIDIZATION CAN BE UTILIZED TO
COMBINE FAVOURABLE QUALITIES FROM TWO GENETICALLY
DIFFERENT GROUP S AND TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF HYBRID
(HETEROSIS). INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDAZATION HAS
RESULTED IN FISH WITH IMPROVED GROWTH RATES,
MANIPULATION SEX RATIO, STERILE ANIMAL, IMPROVED
FLESH QUALITY INCREASED DISEASE RESISTANCE,
IMPROVED TOLERANCE TO ENVIROMENTAL EXTREMES AND
OTHER ALTERED TRAIT.

8. CHROMOSOME SET MANIPULATION
 MANIPULATION OF CHROMOSOME SET ( POLYPLODIZATION) HAS
BEEN ACCOMPLISHED FOR MANY AQUATIC SPECIES THROUGH
THERMAL AND CHEMICAL SHOCK TO DEVELOPING EMBRYOS.
TRIPLOID ORGANISMS ARE USEFUL BECAUSE THEY ARE STERLIE
AND THEREFORE ABLE TO PUT MORE ENERGY INTO THE GROWTH
PROCESS RATHER THAN INTO MATURATION AND REPRODUCTION
 WHILIST CHROMOSOME SET MANIPULATION HAVE SET
MANIPULATION HAVE SET MANIPULATION HAVE NOT RESULTED IN
MANY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION FOR FIN FISH AND OYSTER AS
WELL.
 FOR EX:- TRIPLOID PACIFIC OYSTER14-159% GROWTH OVER
DIPLOID CONTROL

9. SEX MANIPULATION
 MANIPULATION OF SEX CAN BE OF ADVANTAGES IN SPECIES WITH
SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IN IMPORTANT TRAITS OR WHEN REDUCED
CHANCE OF REPRODUCTION IS DESIRED MONOSEX MALE STOCK HAVE
COSIDERABLE COMMERECIAL BENEFIT IN A NUMBER OF SPECIES, MOST
NOTABLY IN TILAPIA DUE VTO [PROBLEM OF BOTH PRECOCIOUS
MATURATION AND UNWANTED REPRODUCTIONJ WITHIN THE
PRODUCTION WITHIN THE PRDUCTION SYSTEM EXHIBITED BY THIS
SPECIES. ALSO FEMALE TROUT AND SALMON GROW BETTER AND
FEMALE STURGEON PRODUCED CAVIAR.THE SEX CAN EASILY
MANIPULATED USING HORMONAL TREATMENTS

10. EMERGING TECNOLOGIES :-
 • A NUMBER OF NEW GENETICS TECHNOLOGIES ARE NOW BEGNING TO BE
APPLIED IN CULTURE AQUATIC SPECIES GENOME TECNOLOGIES INCLUDE DNA
MARKER NOVEL SEQUENCING GENE DISCOVERY, GENOME MAPPING AND
GENOME EXPRESSION TECHNOLOGIES THAT EXAMINE HOW GENE ACTUALLY
FUNCTION IN THE ORGANISM.
 THESE TECHNOLOGY ARE WILL BE USEFUL TO FIND IMP GENE TRAIT SUCH AS
 • DISEASE RESISTANCE
 • GROWTH RATE
 SEX DETERMINATION ALLOWING MORE PRECISELY TARGETED SELECTION TO
IMPROVE AQUACULTURE PERFORMANCE

11. THANK YOU