Aquatic biomes occupy most of the biosphere and are divided into marine and freshwater biomes. The marine biome contains the world's oceans, which cover 70% of the Earth and are divided into layers. They provide many natural resources and support ecosystems like coral reefs and estuaries. Freshwater biomes include ponds, lakes, rivers, and wetlands and have a lower salt concentration than marine biomes. They are important sources of water, food, transportation, recreation and more.

2.  Occupy largest part of biosphere
 Two major categories of aquatic biomes
1. Marine biome
2. Freshwater biome

4.  Contains all the salty water of seas
70% of earth is covered with marine biome
It is divided between
oceans
coral reefs
estuaries

5. OCEAN:
 largest water body and divided into three layers

6. ATLANTIC OCEAN:
temperature: 2.5°C to 5°C in winter
and in summer 15-20°C
Natural resources: oil and gas
fields, fish, marine mammals (seals
and whales), sand, precious stones.
PCIFIC OCEAN:
SIZE: biggest ocean
covers 30% of earth
depth: average 3800m
temperature: 30 degree C to -2
degree C
Natural resources: oil and gas
fields, , sand, fish

7. ARCTIC OCEAN:
temperature: vary from -30
to -70°C
Natural resources: sand, oil
and gas fields, fish, marine
mammals (seals and
whales)
INDIAN OCEAN:
Temperature: -1°C to 28
°C
Natural Resources : oil and
gas fields, marine fish,
shrimp, sand.
SOUTHERN OCEAN:
temperature: vary from about
10 degrees Celsius to -2
degrees Celsius
natural resources: large and
possible giant oil and gas
fields, , sand, fresh water as
icebergs; whales, and seals
,fish

8. Are marine ridges or mounds
Formed as a result of the deposition of calcium
carbonate by living organisms
Coral reefs are solid, long-lasting structures.
Their solidity is due to the fact that they are
formed by the hard parts of the animal skeletons.
They protect the coastal shores from the impact
of the sea swell and the waves
Found where sunlight is easy reachable.

9. FISHERIES: Reefs provide habitat for important recreational
and subsistence fisheries
SHORELINE PROTECTION: Reefs prevent loss of life
and property by protecting shorelines
PHARMACEUTICALS: Reefs are considered "medicine
cabinets" of the future!
TOURISM: Reefs attract ecotourism and much needed
currency for local economies
EDUCATION: Reefs are "living
laboratories" for scientists and students.
Temperature range: 20-29°C

11. A partially enclosed body of water along the coast where
freshwater from rivers and streams meets and mixes with salt
water from the ocean.
Estuarine environments are among the most productive on
earth, creating more organic matter each year.
Many different habitat types are found in and around estuaries,
including salt marshes, swamps, mangrove forests, .
Thousands of species of birds, mammals, fish, and other
wildlife depend on estuarine habitats as places to live, feed, and
reproduce.
Estuaries also perform other valuable services. Water draining
from uplands carries sediments, nutrients, and other pollutants to
estuaries.
Salt water is denser, thus heavier, than fresh water so it sinks.

12. MANGROVES FORESTS:
Trees with roots which are above
the ground.
Protect from floods, winds, waves, water currents.
SALT MARSHES: An area of flat wet ground which
is sometimes covered by salt water.
SWAMPS : An area of very
wet land with wild plants
growing in it

14.  Have a low salt concentration — usually less
than 1%.
Freshwater regions are further categorized as:
1. Ponds and lakes
2. Streams and rivers
3.Wetlands

15. A few square meters in size.
 Many ponds are seasonal, lasting just a couple of
months while Lakes may exist for hundreds of years
or more.
 Temperature:
Summer 4° C near the bottom to 22° C at the top.
Winter bottom can be 4° C while the top is 0° C (ice).
Spring & Fall mixing of water results in 4° C.

16. Saiful Muluk Lake
Rawal Lake is artificial lake
Hanna Lake is an attraction of city
Aansoo Lake is tears like shaped
Keenjhar Lake is second largest freshwater lake
 LARGEST LAKE: Lake Superior (North
America)
 LONGEST RIVER: Webster Lake (United
States)

17.  Bodies of flowing water moving in one direction
 The temperature is cooler at the source than it is at
the mouth
 Freshwater fish is found
 Denser species diversity at middle, at lower part less
light and less oxygen.

18. LONGEST RIVER : River Nile
BIGGEST RIVER (according to amount of
water): the Amazon
RIVER OF PAKISTAN:
River Indus: longest river of Pakistan
River Ravi: smallest of all tributaries of Indus
River Sutlej: major, longest also known as Red
River
River Chenab: two words “Chen” means moon
and “ab” means water. Healthiest river

19.  Areas of standing water that support aquatic
plants. E.g. marshes and swamps.
Wetlands have the highest species diversity of all
ecosystems.
 Not considered freshwater ecosystems as some salt
marshes exists, having high salt concentrations

20.  Mainly used for drinking purpose.
 Used for irrigation & industry, producing
timbers, supplying food.
 Means of transportation
 also used to generate electricity.