This document discusses applications of fluid mechanics in various engineering fields. It provides examples of how fluid mechanics principles are applied in civil engineering through wind tunnels, syphons, and hydraulics. In mechanical engineering, examples include creating drafts, pumps, and turbo machines. Fluid mechanics is also applied in chemical engineering through computational fluid dynamics modeling of oil and gas processes and flows, and in biomedical applications through modeling of blood flow and development of medical devices. The document concludes that fluid mechanics principles are involved in many areas of engineering either directly or indirectly through applications that manipulate fluid flows.
presentation is made with a view to simplify the understanding of fluid mechanics ( fluid kinematics is given more credit ) in civil engineering - mechanical engineering - body science
SAIF ALDIN ALI MADIN
سيف الدين علي ماضي
S96aif@gmail.com
After insulating limited distance between jet hole and main
channel and find:
1. The static pressure distribution the along channel.
2. The velocity distribution on the section different dimensions.
3. The secondary flow rate discharge
4. The friction force F
Design & analysis of laminar flow meterAbhijit Roy
In this PDF discuss about analysis of laminar flow meter design & analysis. Here main thing is how we can measure very small volume of flow rate or flow speed.
presentation is made with a view to simplify the understanding of fluid mechanics ( fluid kinematics is given more credit ) in civil engineering - mechanical engineering - body science
SAIF ALDIN ALI MADIN
سيف الدين علي ماضي
S96aif@gmail.com
After insulating limited distance between jet hole and main
channel and find:
1. The static pressure distribution the along channel.
2. The velocity distribution on the section different dimensions.
3. The secondary flow rate discharge
4. The friction force F
Design & analysis of laminar flow meterAbhijit Roy
In this PDF discuss about analysis of laminar flow meter design & analysis. Here main thing is how we can measure very small volume of flow rate or flow speed.
PPT on Bernoulli's Theorem ,with Application,Derivation, Bernoulli's Equation,Definition,About The Scientist ,Solved Example,Video Lecture,Solved Problem(Video),Dimensions.
If you liked it don't forget to follow me-
Instagram-yadavgaurav251
Facebook-www.facebook.com/yadavgaurav251
This publication is intended for engineers seeking an introduction to the problem of water hammer in pumped pressure mains. This is a subject of increasing interest because of the development of larger and more integrated sewer systems. Consideration of water hammer is essential for structural design of pipelines.
Manipulation of Water Hammer Problem by Modification of NRV ValveIDES Editor
Water hammer in piping systems produces large
dynamic forces which can damage the pipes and supports.
Therefore it is important to minimize the water hammer
effects on the piping system. In this work, a new method for
the reduction of water hammer by active measures is
described- that means the reduction of water hammer by
influencing the fluid dynamic conditions of the system. We
are concerned with the effects of the rapid valve closures in
pipes connected to wave reflection points. The energy is of
two kind’s Kinetic energy and Elastic energy. Both forms are
converted into pressure energy and the rapidity of the
conversion is of the utmost importance in terms of ensuring
damage that may result. Such energy dissipation in a
controlled non damaging way is discussed in this paper. The
latest outcomes of the research in this area are also discussed
with their failures in the implementation of these concepts in
industries, and the feasibility of our new method
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology
Experimental Investigations and Computational Analysis on Subsonic Wind Tunnelijtsrd
This paper disclose the entire approach to design an open circuit subsonic wind tunnel which will be used to consider the wind impact on the airfoil. The current rules and discoveries of the past research works were sought after for plan figuring of different segments of the wind tunnel. Wind speed of 26 m s have been practiced at the test territory. The wind qualities over a symmetrical airfoil are viewed as probably in a low speed wind tunnel. Tests were finished by moving the approach, from 0 to 5 degree. The stream attributes over a symmetrical airfoil are examined tentatively. The pressure distribution on the airfoil area was estimated, lift and drag force were estimated and velocity profiles were acquired. Rishabh Kumar Sahu | Saurabh Sharma | Vivek Swaroop | Vishal Kumar ""Experimental Investigations and Computational Analysis on Subsonic Wind Tunnel"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23511.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23511/experimental-investigations-and-computational-analysis-on-subsonic-wind-tunnel/rishabh-kumar-sahu
Lab 2 Fluid Flow Rate.pdf
MEE 491 Lab #2: Fluid Flow Rate
The goal of the fluid flow lab is to become familiar with measuring fluid pressure and flow rate
with orifice obstruction meters.
Reading: Beckwith pgs 489-576
Moran, Shapiro, Munson, and Dewitt (i.e. your thermofluids book): Ch 11, 12 & 14
Introduction
This experiment introduces you to orifice obstruction meters, which are a common tool used
to measure fluid flow rate. The experimental system includes two types of orifice obstruction
meters: flow nozzles and orifice plates. The differential pressure across the orifice obstruction
meter is needed to calculate flow rate, and so pressure measuring devices are included to
measure a) the differential pressure across the flow nozzle and b) the differential pressure across
the orifice plate. Figure 1 illustrates the experimental system and its relevant components.
Air from the room enters the plenum chamber through the nozzle. The air then flows through
flexible black tubing and into a transparent circular duct that is instrumented with the orifice
plate. Lastly the air flow enters the vacuum pump via more flexible black tubing and is returned
to the room via the vacuum pumps outlet. Variable air flow through the system can be achieved
by a rheostat knob that controls the vacuum pump. We will assume that any leaks in the system
are negligible. Since the obstruction meters are connected in series, both obstruction meters
measure the same mass flow rate (i.e. conservation of mass).
In the case of the flow nozzles, two different sizes are provided. Both nozzles are
standardized ASME long-radius flow nozzles with diameters of 1.265 cm and 2.530 cm for the
small and medium nozzles, respectively. The orifice plate has a diameter of 0.795 in and is
located in a pipe with a diameter of 2 in.
Figure 1. Photograph of the experimental system and relevant components for
part A of this lab
The discharge coefficient, CD, is a very important performance parameter for an orifice
obstruction meter. The discharge coefficient tells you the ratio of the actual orifice flow rate,
Qactual, to the ideal orifice flow rate, Qideal:
𝐶! =
!!"#$!%
!!"#$%
[1]
The ideal flow rate corresponds to the flow rate as derived from Bernoulli’s equation. Two of
the assumptions that Bernoulli’s equation makes are isentropic and incompressible flow. While
these are good approximations in many engineering situations, no real system is every truly
isentropic and incompressible. Hence the discharge coefficient is always less than 1. In this lab
you will determine the discharge coefficient for the nozzles as well as the orifice plate.
Procedure
• With the small nozzle measure at five different steady-state (i.e. make sure pressures are
not changing with time) flow rates measure:
o The differential pressure across the flow nozzle.
o The differential pressure across the orifice plate wi ..
To what extent is Shylock the villain of the play? - GCSE English .... Shylock - Victim or Villain? - GCSE English - Marked by Teachers.com. Shylock- Villain or Victim? - GCSE English - Marked by Teachers.com.
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Similar to Applications Of Fluid Mechanics In Different Engineering Fields
PPT on Bernoulli's Theorem ,with Application,Derivation, Bernoulli's Equation,Definition,About The Scientist ,Solved Example,Video Lecture,Solved Problem(Video),Dimensions.
If you liked it don't forget to follow me-
Instagram-yadavgaurav251
Facebook-www.facebook.com/yadavgaurav251
This publication is intended for engineers seeking an introduction to the problem of water hammer in pumped pressure mains. This is a subject of increasing interest because of the development of larger and more integrated sewer systems. Consideration of water hammer is essential for structural design of pipelines.
Manipulation of Water Hammer Problem by Modification of NRV ValveIDES Editor
Water hammer in piping systems produces large
dynamic forces which can damage the pipes and supports.
Therefore it is important to minimize the water hammer
effects on the piping system. In this work, a new method for
the reduction of water hammer by active measures is
described- that means the reduction of water hammer by
influencing the fluid dynamic conditions of the system. We
are concerned with the effects of the rapid valve closures in
pipes connected to wave reflection points. The energy is of
two kind’s Kinetic energy and Elastic energy. Both forms are
converted into pressure energy and the rapidity of the
conversion is of the utmost importance in terms of ensuring
damage that may result. Such energy dissipation in a
controlled non damaging way is discussed in this paper. The
latest outcomes of the research in this area are also discussed
with their failures in the implementation of these concepts in
industries, and the feasibility of our new method
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology
Experimental Investigations and Computational Analysis on Subsonic Wind Tunnelijtsrd
This paper disclose the entire approach to design an open circuit subsonic wind tunnel which will be used to consider the wind impact on the airfoil. The current rules and discoveries of the past research works were sought after for plan figuring of different segments of the wind tunnel. Wind speed of 26 m s have been practiced at the test territory. The wind qualities over a symmetrical airfoil are viewed as probably in a low speed wind tunnel. Tests were finished by moving the approach, from 0 to 5 degree. The stream attributes over a symmetrical airfoil are examined tentatively. The pressure distribution on the airfoil area was estimated, lift and drag force were estimated and velocity profiles were acquired. Rishabh Kumar Sahu | Saurabh Sharma | Vivek Swaroop | Vishal Kumar ""Experimental Investigations and Computational Analysis on Subsonic Wind Tunnel"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23511.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23511/experimental-investigations-and-computational-analysis-on-subsonic-wind-tunnel/rishabh-kumar-sahu
Lab 2 Fluid Flow Rate.pdf
MEE 491 Lab #2: Fluid Flow Rate
The goal of the fluid flow lab is to become familiar with measuring fluid pressure and flow rate
with orifice obstruction meters.
Reading: Beckwith pgs 489-576
Moran, Shapiro, Munson, and Dewitt (i.e. your thermofluids book): Ch 11, 12 & 14
Introduction
This experiment introduces you to orifice obstruction meters, which are a common tool used
to measure fluid flow rate. The experimental system includes two types of orifice obstruction
meters: flow nozzles and orifice plates. The differential pressure across the orifice obstruction
meter is needed to calculate flow rate, and so pressure measuring devices are included to
measure a) the differential pressure across the flow nozzle and b) the differential pressure across
the orifice plate. Figure 1 illustrates the experimental system and its relevant components.
Air from the room enters the plenum chamber through the nozzle. The air then flows through
flexible black tubing and into a transparent circular duct that is instrumented with the orifice
plate. Lastly the air flow enters the vacuum pump via more flexible black tubing and is returned
to the room via the vacuum pumps outlet. Variable air flow through the system can be achieved
by a rheostat knob that controls the vacuum pump. We will assume that any leaks in the system
are negligible. Since the obstruction meters are connected in series, both obstruction meters
measure the same mass flow rate (i.e. conservation of mass).
In the case of the flow nozzles, two different sizes are provided. Both nozzles are
standardized ASME long-radius flow nozzles with diameters of 1.265 cm and 2.530 cm for the
small and medium nozzles, respectively. The orifice plate has a diameter of 0.795 in and is
located in a pipe with a diameter of 2 in.
Figure 1. Photograph of the experimental system and relevant components for
part A of this lab
The discharge coefficient, CD, is a very important performance parameter for an orifice
obstruction meter. The discharge coefficient tells you the ratio of the actual orifice flow rate,
Qactual, to the ideal orifice flow rate, Qideal:
𝐶! =
!!"#$!%
!!"#$%
[1]
The ideal flow rate corresponds to the flow rate as derived from Bernoulli’s equation. Two of
the assumptions that Bernoulli’s equation makes are isentropic and incompressible flow. While
these are good approximations in many engineering situations, no real system is every truly
isentropic and incompressible. Hence the discharge coefficient is always less than 1. In this lab
you will determine the discharge coefficient for the nozzles as well as the orifice plate.
Procedure
• With the small nozzle measure at five different steady-state (i.e. make sure pressures are
not changing with time) flow rates measure:
o The differential pressure across the flow nozzle.
o The differential pressure across the orifice plate wi ..
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Applications Of Fluid Mechanics In Different Engineering Fields
1. Online Journal of BioSciences and Informatics, Vol: 1, Issue 1, 2015
Informatics
www.JournalOnline.in
Page
1
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Review Article ISSN 2320-2912
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Applications of Fluid Mechanics in Different Engineering Fields
Ved Kumar Mishra1
, Satyam Kumar Singh2
, Satya Prakash Patel3
, Sachin Pandey4
, Naveen
Dwivedi5
, Shubha Dwivedi6
1,5&6
Department of Biotechnology, S. D. College of Engineering & Technology, Muzaffarnagar,
U.P., 2&3
Department of Civil Engineering, S. D. College of Engineering & Technology,
Muzaffarnagar, U.P., 4
Department of Mechanical Engineering, S. D. College of Engineering &
Technology, Muzaffarnagar, U.P.
Abstract: Fluid mechanics is an ancient science that alive incredibly today. The modern
technology requires a deeper understanding of the behavior of real fluid on other hand
mathematical problems solved by new discovery. Fluid mechanics played a special role in this
work by incompressible viscous flow. The aim of this logical statement is to furnish some result
in different areas (i.e. civil, mechanical, biotech &chemical engineering), that are linked by the
some general scope in that areas of giving new in site in field mechanics.
Keywords: Fluid mechanics, siphon, turbine, wind tunnel, pumps and draft.
Correspondence: vedmishra.bioinformatics@gmail.com
2. Online Journal of BioSciences and Informatics, Vol: 1, Issue 1, 2015
Informatics
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Page
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Introduction: A pragmatic if not scientific
knowledge of fluid flow was exhibited in
design of arrows, spares, boat and hydraulic
project for fluid protection and water supply
[1]. The fundamental principle of
hydrostatics was given by Archimedes work
on floating bodies. Archimedes develop the
law of bouncy that states when a body
immersed in a fluid experience a force that is
equal to the weight of fluid ,it displaces
when in equilibrium is equally pressed in all
direction[2]. the effect of friction and
viscosity is diminishing the velocity of
running water, the hypothesis in this course
should investigate that the velocity at any
stratum of the vertex is an arithmetical mean
between the velocity of the strata enclosed it,
that the velocity of a filament of water
moving in a pipe is an arithmetical mean
between the velocity of filament which
surrounded it[3]. In 1738 denial Bernoulli
published his hydrodynamic a text book,
communicated to the academy of st.
Petersburg 1726 was founded on to
comfortable supposition, which appeared to
him comfortable to experience he suppose
that the in a vessel the surface of the fluid
which is emptying itself by an orifice remain
always horizontal and if the fluid mass is
concaved too be divided to an infinite
number of horizontal strata of the same bulk
the velocity inversely proportional to their
width or too the horizontal section
reservoir[4].
V=1/B
Where,
V=velocity of fluid and B=width of orifice.
The continuity equation of fluid mechanics
before discussing it with respect to
cardiovascular system the mass of moving
fluid does not change it flows that leads to an
important quantitative relationship called the
continuity equation[5]. Consider a portion of
flow between two stationary cross section
with area A1 &A2 at that section velocity V1
& V2 respectively[6].
The mass flowing in to the tube across A1
and time dt is
3. Online Journal of BioSciences and Informatics, Vol: 1, Issue 1, 2015
Informatics
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dm 1 = ρ A1 V1 dt
Similarly the mass flow the across A2 in the
same time
dm 2 = ρ A2 V2 dt
in steady flow the total mass in tube is
constant
dm 1=dm
ρ A1 V1 dt = ρ A2 V2 dt
Continuity equation for incompressible flow
A1 V1 = A2 V2
The product of AV is volume flow rate dv/dt
dv/dt =AV
Molecular behavior of fluids: At the
molecular level, particles of fluids tend to be
defining in their arrangement is random and
molecules are close in proximity, the fluid
take place the shape in which it takes. Liquid
molecules move at moderate speeds and
exert a moderate attraction on each other. A
liquid will disperse in response to impact its
force determining the area over which the
total volume of liquid is distributed. The
response of fluid to pressure is one of most
significant aspect of fluid behavior and plays
an important role with in both statics and
dynamics sub disciplines of fluid mechanics
[7].
Application of fluid mechanics in field of
civil engineering
Wind tunnel: The scenario of wind flowing
through a room described a rudimentary
wind tunnel, a wind tunnel is a chamber
build for a purpose examine the
characteristics of air flow in contact with
solid objects such as aircraft and automobile.
The wind tunnel represent a safe and
judicious use of the property of fluid
mechanics it purpose to test the interaction
of airflow and solids in relative motion the
first wind tunnel was built in England is
1871 and years later aircraft pioneers Orville
construct (1871 to 1948 and Wilbur 1867 to
4. Online Journal of BioSciences and Informatics, Vol: 1, Issue 1, 2015
Informatics
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4
1912) wrights used wind tunnel to improve
their plans by the let 1913 the US national
advisory committee for aeronautics (NASA)
was building wind tunnels capable of
creating speeds equal to 300 mph (480km/h)
[8].
Syphon: A syphon is a long bent pipe is use
for carrying water from a reservoir at a
higher level to another reservoir at a lower
level when the two reservoirs are separated
by a hill or high level ground.
To take out water from one reservoir
to another reservoir sepreted by a hill
or ridge.
To drain out water from a channel
without any outlet.
To take out the water from a tank this
does not have any out let.
The syphon works on the principle of
Bernoulli’s, the flow through syphon then
remains continuous till pressure in syphon
pipe remains negative but less than
separation pressure [9].
Hydraulic: Hydraulic is a branch of
practical science with the practical
application of fluid primarily liquid in
motion it is related to fluid mechanics which
in large part provides its theoretical
foundation hydraulic deals with such matter
as the flow of liquid in pipe reverse and
channels and their confinement by dams and
tanks some of its principle apply also to
gases the scope of hydraulic extend to such
mechanical device as fans and gas turbines
and pneumatics control system liquid in
motion or under pressure did useful works
for man for many centuries before French
scientist, pressure in a liquids transmitted
equally in all direction that is when water is
made to fill a closed container ,the
application of pressure at any point will be
transmitted to all sides of the container in the
hydraulic pressure. Pascal law is used to gain
an increase a small force applied to small
piston in a small cylinder is transmitted
through a tube to a large cylinder where it
pressure equally against all sides of the
cylinder including the large piston [10].
5. Online Journal of BioSciences and Informatics, Vol: 1, Issue 1, 2015
Informatics
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Page
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Hydraulic power system have become one of
the major energy transition technology
utilize by all faces of industrial agricultural
and difference activity. Modern air craft for
example use hydraulic system to activate
their control and to operate landing gars &
brakes, virtually all missiles as well as their
ground support equipment utilize fluid
power uses hydraulic power system in their
transition brakes and steering mechanisms
[11].
Application of fluid mechanics in field of
mechanical engineering
Creating a draft: Among the most
application of Bernoulli’s principle is its
used aerodynamics
P/ρg +v^2/2g +Z =constant
and he is discussed in the context of
aerodynamics, according to Bernoulli’s
principle for instant explain why a shower
certain tends to below in word, when the
water is turned on in addition it shows why
an open window create a draft [12]. Suppose
one is in a hotel room where the heat is onto
high and there is no way to adjust the
thermostat outside however the air is cold
thus by opening a window one can
presumably cool down the room but if one
open the window without opening the front
door of the room there will be a little change
in temperature the only way to cool will be
standing next to the window with the door
closed the room constitute an area of
relatively high pressure compare to the
pressure of the air outside the window
because air is fluid.[13] ,it will tend to flow
in to the room but once pressure inside rich a
certain point it will prevent additional air
from entering the tendency of fluid is to
move from high pressure to low pressure
areas not the other way around as soon
relatively high pressure air of the room flows
in to the low pressure as a result the air
pressure in the is reduced and the air from
outside can now enter soon a wind will
began to blow through the room [14].
Pumps: Pump is a device for moving fluid
and it does so by utilizing a pressure
difference causing the fluid to move from an
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area of higher pressure to one of lower
pressure its operation is based on accepts
both of Pascal and Bernoulli’s principle
though a course human were using pumps
many of years before[15] .a syphon hose
used to draw gas form car fuel tank is a very
simple pump shucking on one end of the
hose creates an area of low pressure
compared to the relatively high pressure area
of the gas tank. The piston pump slightly
more complex consist of vertical cylinder
along which a piston rises and fall near the
bottom inlet valve through which fluid flow
into the cylinder and an outlet valve through
which fluid flows out one of the most the
fluid being pump which pushes the piston up
& down.[16]
Turbo machine: Turbo machinery device
inject life in to fluid principle of turbo
machinery from the primullary design tool in
design of them consider the turbo machine
and axial turbine a centrifugal machine are
peloton wheel you can predict performance
of all of these from same turbo machinery
fundamentals .if the channel is rotating at an
angular velocity ‘w’ power required to
maintain the fluid flow will be torque
multiplied by angular velocity [17].
Torque*w =m(R2V2-R1V1)*w
So power required for this fluid flow will
taken as,
Power =(U2V2-U1V1)
Air jet weaving machine: The air jet
weaving machine are the weaving machine
with the highest insertion performance and
are considered the manufacturing of light to
medium weight fabrics preferably main
fibers these machine for those who want to
produce built quantities of customized
fabrics styles the weaving width range
generally from 190 to 400cm[18].
Application in chemical engineering:
Process industry: Continuum mechanics
one of our most successful physical theories
is radically application to the process
industry .In continuum mechanics, the
existence of molecule is ignored and matter
is treated as a continuous medium. The
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continuum hypothesis is valid provided the
equation of continuum mechanics are
applied at sufficiently large scale that the
property molecules are noticed the mapping
of the large of mass momentum and energy
conservation the continuum result in field
equation that describe the dynamics of the
continuum these field equation variably
known as the equation of motioned
.continuum mechanics is the mechanical
analog of classical electrodynamics in which
a set of field equation describe the dynamic
relevant variable of the electrical and
magnetic field where as Maxwell equation
are linear on less the constitutive behavior is
non linear the equation of continuum
mechanics are non linear regardless of the
constitutive behavior of material of interest
[19].
Computational fluid dynamics for oil and
gas industry: Computational fluid dynamics
is a tool that can be use effectively in a
variety of onshore & offshore petroleum
industry application that geosciences and
engineering division at south west research
institute has extensive CFD experience
performing detail at simultaneous of
complex engineering and natural system and
providing clients with optimized designed
solution get integrated multi disciplinary
approach uses code costuzmation analytical
model development and application and
experimental investigation to accurately and
defectively solve complex problem in the
following area.
Unsteady turbulent flow analysis:
Acoustic analysis
Nozzle flow application
Code customization
Atmospheric gas dispersion
Hydrodynamic analysis
A logrithium development
Natural hazard analysis and
environmental fluid flow:
Simulation of land slide generates
Tsunami.
Free surface flow evaluation using
volume of fluid technique
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Mesh free smoothed particle hydrodynamics
code capable of modeling flow with large
deformation.
Fire dynamic simulation:
Leak rapture and spill related fire
analysis
Smoke propagation assessment
Use of NIST fire dynamic simulator
and commercial code [20].
Fluid dynamic for medical research and
bio medical device:
A world leader in fluid dynamic is active in
fundamental medical research on the
development of medical device technology
Service from science:
Development of bio medical
device
Proto type testing and
development
Development of electronic ,
microelectronic and micro
fluidic device
Development of new bio
medical plastic/ materials
with support from material
capabilities within CSIRO
materials science &
engineering division
Design of original devices
Out comes:
We have successfully applied our fluid
dynamics capabilities to innovative projects
such as
A new oxygen air mixing
device with a radically
different design to current
technology
New design for instant
graph used for the
treatment of aneurysm
Remote sensing technology
to develop a device to
Minotaur psychological
parameter from within the
body.
Electronic fluid flow
detector to measure fluid
flow in a hospital setting
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Facilities:
Our facilities include highly specialized and
complex measuring equipment such as
Pulse tile flow rig simulating
the pressure and flow profile
from the heart
Micro particle image
velocimetry
Laser Doppler velocimetry
system
Phase Doppler particle
analyzer
Experimental rigs
Medical power injector
Medical ultrasound scanner
Micro fluid laborites
Other facilities include wind and water
tunnels for physical modeling visualization
and flow measurement [21].
Summary & Conclusion:
Molecules are spaced further apart they
attract each other with a small intermolecular
cohesive force, when they easily move and
change their relative position. They
continuously deform that is flow under the
action of shear force, no matter how force
are small or large. Fluid mechanics is
involved nearly all areas of civil,
mechanical, chemical, biotech engineering
either directly or indirectly some example of
direct involvement are those were we are
considered with manipulating field: Sea and
river defenses, Water distribution/sewage
network, Hydraulic design of water/ sewage
treatment work, Dams irrigation, turbine and
water retaining structure, Siphon, airfoils,
pumps, drafts.
Acknowledgement: We specially thank to
Naveen Dwivedi and Shubha Dwivedi,
Associate Professor, Department of
Biotechnology, S.D. College of Engineering
and Technology Muzaffarnagar, U.P. India
for support and guidance.
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References:
1. G. Garrett, 2003, Hydraulic & Hydrologic concept of antiquity, ASCE Publications, page no.
(80-150).
2. Carroll and Barodley W., (2014), Application of Archimedes principle, Macmillan & Co.
publication , page no.(1-5)
3. Bruce Hunt,1865,friction in fluid, Saltash Heritage publication, page no.(3.1 to 3.36)
4. Malvern, L.E.,( 1969), Application of Bernoulli principle, prentice hall publication page
no.(1-7).
5. Costanzo LS, (2007), Physiology, Williams and Wilkins Edition, page no. 81
6. Indian J. Chest Dis. (1976),Flow of fluid, Vallabh Bhai chest institute publication page
no.(243-254)
7. J Chem Phys. (2012) Molecular behavior of simulation of fluid, Aug 7; 137(5):054507. doi:
10.1063/1.4739853.
8. Yih ,C.-S.(1969) Textbook of fluid mechanics ,McGraw –hill publication ,New York, page
no.622
9. Indrajeet M. Jain(2008),Textbook of fluid mechanics, Tech-Max publications, page no.(9.1-
9.7)
10. Gary W. Brunner,1997, Hydraulic concept of fluid, B.T .Batsford publication, page no.(4.22)
11. P.N. Modi and S.M Seth, 2004, Hydraulic & fluid mechanics including hydraulic machine.
S.Chand publication page no.(43-65)
12. C.Y. james and K.Mc Kenzie and A.Mommandi,2008,Sump inlet hydraulic, Hyperink
publication, vol 135,page no.(15-27)
13. Smith, J. Mihelic, R. Gifford, 2014,How to create a draft, MSAE Int. J. Commer. Veh
publication,vol 4 page no.(14-34)
14. Alexandra Braun , 2011Alexandar publication, page no.267
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15. Rechard Cuammines/carbis,2001, Reproduced by permission given structure of pump E.A
Tthomson publication page no.476
16. Indrajeet M. Jain (2008),Application of Pascal law ,Tech-max publication, page no.(2.1-2.35)
17. Prof. Bhaskar Ray & Prof. A.M Pradeep (oct 2013) ,IIT Bombay lecture notes page no.120.
18. R Marks, A.T.C. Robinson(1976),Principle of weaving, page no.(100-170)
19. Gillian Lawson,S.H.Wearn,Peterlles-Smith-199,application of continuum mechanics, page
no.(48-65)
20. Debashis Basu (PhD), kaushik das (PhD) research engineering Geoscience &engineering
division south west research institute ,USA 2007,Application of Petroleum industry, page
no.(11-26)
21. Dr. llijo Sutalo (CSIRO),march 1998,Development of bio medical device, page no.(401-404).