This document provides an overview of industrial applications of composites. It discusses different types of composites including polymer composites, natural composites, and industrial composites used in engineering. Examples are given such as fiberglass, wood, bone, and concrete. Industrial applications include uses in aircraft, ships, automotive components, pipes, and bridges. Composites provide advantages like higher strength to weight ratio, design flexibility, and corrosion resistance. Major industries in Pakistan that could utilize composites are also mentioned.

1. Oan Muhammad
Topic:
Industrial applications of
composites
Oan.sahito@gmail.com
Presented By:

2. •COMPOSITE POLYMERS
•NATURAL COMPOSITES
•INDUSTRIAL COMPOSITES
•TYPES OF COMPOSITES
•COMPOSITES IN ENGINEERING
•ADVANTAGES
•INDUSTRY IN PAKISTAN
•CONCLUSION
OBJECTIVES
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3. COMPOSITE POLYMERS
ASPHALT CEMENT
PLYWOOD FIBER GLASS
Two or more chemically or physically distinct
materials which when combined have improved
properties over the individual materials. Composites
could be natural or synthetic.
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6. TRADITIONAL/NATURAL COMPOSITES
Composite materials that occur in nature or have been produced
by civilizations for many years.
Examples: Wood, Concrete, Asphalt
SYNTHETIC COMPOSITES
Modern material systems normally associated with the
manufacturing industries, In which the components are first
produced separately and then combined in a controlled way to
achieve the desired structure, properties, and part geometry.
Possible Classification of
Composite Materials
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7. 1. BONE
2. WOOD
3. ASPHALT
4. BRICKS
5. CONCRETE
Traditional/Natural
composites
1. Aircraft
2. Boats and Ships
3. Sport equipment
(Golf shafts, tennis rackets,
surfboards, hokey sticks, etc.)
4. Automotive components
5. Body armor
6. Building materials
7. Water pipes
8. Bridges
9. Tool handles
10. Ladder rails
Industrial
Composites
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8. Bone as a Composite
COLLAGEN
The Bone in our body is a composite. It is
made from a hard and brittle material
called Hydroxyapatite (which is mainly
calcium phosphate) and a soft and flexible
material called collagen (which is a
protein).
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9. Wood as a Composite
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10. •Wood consists of cellulose,
hemicellulose & lignin
•Cellulose-the strongest
component, 65%
unidirectional alignment
•Lignin behave as adhesive,
tighten the wood
components
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11. Bricks as a Composite
The combination of
mud and straw forms a
composite that is
stronger than either the
mud or the straw by
itself.
MUD/CLAY
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12. Concrete as a Composite
Concrete is a mixture of aggregate
(small stones or gravel), cement
and sand. It has good compressive
strength.
In more recent times it has been found
that adding metal rods or wires to the
concrete can increase its tensile
(bending) strength. Concrete
containing such rods or wires is called
reinforced concrete
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13. Industrial Applications
A wide variety of composite products are used in industrial
applications, where corrosion resistance and performance
in adverse environments is critical. Generally, premium
resins such as isophthalic and vinyl ester
formulations are required to meet corrosion resistance
specifications, and fiberglass is almost always used as the
reinforcing fiber.
Industrial composite products include underground storage
tanks, scrubbers, piping, fume hoods, water treatment
components, pressure vessels, and a host of other products.
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14. Isophthalic Vinyl Ester
Isophthalic & Vinyl Ester
Isophthalic acid is a non-toxic, colorless
crystalline solid that is used to make
simple esters widely used as plasticizers
Vinylester, is a resin produced by the
esterification of an epoxy resin with an
unsaturated mono-carboxylic acid.
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15. Modern composites are fiberglass, introduced in
1940s, which is widely used to form large
lightweight reinforced structures such as body of
corvette or hull of cabin cruiser or as alternative
in heavy porcelain in manufacture of bathtubs
and shower stalls.
FIBERGLASS
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17. Metal Matrix Composites
The metal matrix composites offer higher modulus of elasticity,
ductility and resistance to elevated temperature than polymer matrix
composites. But they are heavier and more difficult to process.
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18. Composites In Civil Engineering
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19. Composites have long been used in the construction
industry. Applications range from non-structural gratings
and claddings to full structural systems for industrial
supports, buildings, long span roof structures, tanks, bridge
components and complete bridge systems.
FRP (Fiber Reinforced) is used in structural shapes, repair
materials or as reinforcement for concrete.
Polyseters : Used for FRP components(inexpensive &easy)
Vinylesters: Alkali resistance, reduced moisture &
shrinkage
Epoxies : For adhesion and bonding
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20. Composites in Automotive
Engineering
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21. Application Material Processing Method
Load-Bearing
- bumper beams
Glass-fiber reinforced
polyester resins
Pressing of resin
compounds
Moldings/covers
- front apron
- spoiler
- wheel-well liners
- radiator grill
- hood
- fenders
- trunk
Polyurathane
Polypropylene
Polyethlene
Acrylonitrile-butadiene-
styrene (ABS)
Polycarbonate
Injection Molding
Protective
Moldings
Polyvinyl chloride
Ethylene-Propylene
Terpolymers
Injection Molding/
Extrusion
Energy
Absorbing Foam
Polyurethane Liquid Reaction
Foaming
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22. COMPOSITES IN AEROSPACE
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24. MAJOR INDUSTRIAL
COMPOSITES IN
PAKISTAN
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25. Other major industries include cement, fertilizer, automobile,
sugar, tobacco, chemicals, light engineering, defense
production, food processing, ship manufacturing and ship
breaking industry.
Cotton, textile production and apparel manufacturing are
Pakistan's largest industries, accounting for about 66% of
the merchandise exports and almost 40% of the employed
labour force.
Pakistan ranks 55th worldwide in factory output.
Pakistan's industrial sector accounts for about 24% of GDP.
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26. There are 4 heavy Engineering Industries in public sector
(1) Heavy Mechanical Complex, Taxila
(2) Pakistan Machine Tools Factory, Landhi
(3) Pakistan Ordinance Factory Wah
(Defense Production)
(4) Karachi Shipyard & Engineering Works Karachi
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27. Advantages
•Higher Specific Strength (strength-to-weight ratio)
•Design flexibility
•Corrosion Resistance
•Durability
•Low Relative Investment
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28. Conclusion
The primary driver and advantage in the adoption of composites is the lightweight
properties. In transportation, less weight equates to more fuel savings and
improved acceleration.
In sporting equipment, lightweight composites allow for longer drives in golf,
faster swings in tennis, and straighter shots in archery.
While in wind energy, the less a blade weighs, the more power the turbine can
produce.
Besides weight savings, the most important benefits of composites include:
Non-corrosive, Non-conductive, Flexible, will not Dent, Low Maintenance, Long
Life, Design flexibility.
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29. SPECIAL THANKS TO ALMIGHTY ALLAH,
MY PARENTS AND MY FAMILY.
I ACKNOWLEDGE THIS WORK TO
PROF. DR. SHAHABUDDIN MEMON FOR KIND
SUPERVISION & GUIDE IN LIFE ASPECTS .
I AM VERY THANKFUL TO ALL MY FRIENDS AND
CLASSMATES WHO ALWAYS GIVE ME RESPECT
AND SUPPORT
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Acknowledgements

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THANK YOU