This document summarizes the history and materials used in bulletproof vests. It discusses how bulletproof vests help absorb impact and reduce penetration from gunfire and explosions. Kevlar is commonly used due to its strength, though it has drawbacks, so it is often blended with wool for better durability. The document outlines the process of creating Kevlar yarn and weaving layers of fabric for bulletproof vests. It also notes the limitations of textile vests and how metal or ceramic plates can augment protection.

1. ------Presented By-----
JOTISH CHANDRA ROY
ID:12132107059
8th Intake
Section:02
BUBT

2.  A ballistic vest or bullet-resistant vest, often called
a bulletproof vest
 Is an item of personal armor
 Helps to absorb the impact and reduce or prohibit
penetration to the body from firearm-
fired projectiles and save from explosions.

3.  In 1538, Francesco Maria Della
Rovere commissioned Filippo Negroli to create a
bulletproof vest. In 1561, Maximilian II, Holy
Roman Emperor is recorded as testing his armor
against gun-fire.
 One of the first commercially sold bulletproof
armor was produced by a tailor in Dublin,
Ireland in the 1840s. The Cork Examiner reported
on his line of business in December 1847.

5.  Commercially used are
Kevlar Spectra zylon
 Nomex ,carbon
 Mostly used material for bulletproof vest is Kevlar.
 Kevlar is not used in pure form because it has
some drawbacks.
 Use of Spectra for vests is also increasing now a
days.

6. Drawbacks of using pure
kevlar
Blended fabric of Wool and
Kevlar:
 It is degraded by
the UV Rays.
 Low stability under
wet conditions .
• Therefore, Kevlar is
blended with a natural
fiber which is mostly
Wool.
 Advantages:
 Better tear strength
 Better energy absorbing
capacity
 reduced number of
layers in a vest.
 Better breathability
 feels good on skin.
 Restricts the
displacement of Kevlar
yarns under the impact
of bullet.

7. To make Kevlar, the polymer poly-para-phenylene
terephthalamide is first produced in the laboratory.
This is done through a process known as
polymerization. The resultant crystalline liquid is
then extruded through a spinneret to form Kevlar yarn.
The Kevlar yarn then passes through a coagulation
bath to help it harden.

8. Vests designed for bullets which is
deformable and provide little
protection against blows from
sharp implements, such as knives,
arrows or ice picks, or from bullets
manufactured of non-deformable
materials, e.g., those containing a
steel core instead of lead.
textile vests may be augmented
with metal
(steel or titanium), ceramic or polyethylene plates
textile composits that provide extra protection to vital
areas.

9.  The cloth is then laid out
on the cutting table.
 Layers of fabric depends on
the protection needed.
 Minimum 8 layers are used
and maximum 25.
 Layers are cut with a cutting machine according to
the shape required.

10.  Panels are stitched by Standard
Industrial Sewing machines using the Kevlar thread.
 These panels are then placed in a
Garment which is of shape of a garment.
 Number of layers of fabric define
the strength of vest against bullet.

11.  Accessories are sewn on the vest such as Straps
etc.
 A size tag is also attached on the vest.
 The finished vest is then boxed to the customer.

12. When a bullet strikes body armor, it is caught
in a “web” of very strong fibers. These fibers
absorb and disperse the impact energy that is
transmitted to the bullet proof vest from the
bullet, causing the bullet to deform or
“mushroom.”

13.  Used by Army, Police, Security agencies, Famous
Personalities etc.

14. Thanks all of you for being with me