The document discusses the US FDA's process for approving new drug applications (NDAs). The FDA is responsible for ensuring drugs are safe, effective and quality-controlled. Developers must submit clinical data to FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research which reviews the data. If benefits outweigh risks, the drug receives approval. For serious conditions, accelerated approval is possible where post-market studies confirm initial findings. Designations like Fast Track can expedite review of innovative drugs that address unmet needs. A complete NDA includes manufacturing and clinical information. Advisory committees provide recommendations to FDA on approval.

1. Application for New
Drug Discovery (NDD)
according to USFDA
guidelines
Hema T
MSc Biochemistry
Bharathiar University

2. USFDA
The U.S Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) is responsible for
protecting the public health by ensuring the safety, efficacy, and security
of
• human and veterinary drugs,
• biological products, and
• medical devices; and
• nation's food supply,
• cosmetics, and
• products that emit radiation.

3. Developing New Drugs
• American consumers benefit from having access to the safest and
most advanced pharmaceutical system in the world.
• The main consumer watchdog in this system is FDA's Center for Drug
Evaluation and Research (CDER).
• The center's best-known job is to evaluate new drugs before they can
be sold.
• A team of CDER physicians, statisticians, chemists, pharmacologists,
and other scientists reviews the company's data and proposed
labeling.

4. FDA Approval: What it means?
• FDA approval of a drug means that data on the drug’s effects have
been reviewed by CDER, and the drug is determined to provide
benefits that outweigh its known and potential risks for the intended
population.
• Analysis of the target condition and available treatments
• Assessment of benefits and risks from clinical data
• Strategies for managing risks

5. Accelerated Approval
• Accelerated Approval can be applied to promising therapies that treat a
serious or life-threatening condition and provide therapeutic benefit over
available therapies.
• This approval pathway is especially useful when the drug is meant to treat a
disease whose course is long, and an extended period of time is needed to
measure its effect.
• After the drug enters the market, the drug maker is required to conduct
post-marketing clinical trials to verify and describe the drug’s benefit. If
further trials fail to verify the predicted clinical benefit, FDA may withdraw
approval.
• For example, many antiretroviral drugs used to treat HIV/AIDS entered the
market via accelerated approval, and subsequently altered the treatment
paradigm. A number of targeted cancer-fighting drugs also have come
onto the market through this pathway.

6. Drug Development Designations
• The agency also employs several approaches to encourage the
development of certain drugs, especially drugs that may represent
the first available treatment for an illness, or ones that have a
significant benefit over existing drugs.
• Fast Track
• Breakthrough Therapy
• Priority Review

7. New Drug Application (NDA)
• For decades, the regulation and control of new drugs in the United
States has been based on the New Drug Application (NDA).
• Since 1938, every new drug has been the subject of an approved
NDA before U.S. commercialization.
• The NDA application is the vehicle through which drug sponsors
formally propose that the FDA approve a new pharmaceutical for sale
and marketing in the U.S.
• The data gathered during the animal studies and human clinical trials
of an Investigational New Drug (IND) become part of the NDA.

8. The goals of the NDA
• The goals of the NDA are to provide enough information to permit
FDA reviewer to reach the following key decisions:
• Whether the drug is safe and effective in its proposed use(s), and
whether the benefits of the drug outweigh the risks.
• Whether the drug's proposed labeling (package insert) is appropriate,
and what it should contain.
• Whether the methods used in manufacturing the drug and the
controls used to maintain the drug's quality are adequate to preserve
the drug's identity, strength, quality, and purity.

9. • The documentation required in an NDA is supposed to tell the drug's
whole story, including
• what happened during the clinical tests,
• what the ingredients of the drug are,
• the results of the animal studies,
• how the drug behaves in the body, and
• how it is manufactured, processed and packaged.

10. Resources for NDA Submissions
The following resources provide summaries on NDA content, format,
and classification, plus the NDA review process:
Guidance documents to help prepare NDAs:.
• Bioavailability and Bioequivalence Studies Submitted in NDAs or INDs
and General Considerations
• Format and Content of the Clinical and Statistical Sections of an
Application
• Summary for New Drug and Antibiotic Applications--Format and
Content of the Summary for New Drug and Antibiotic Applications
• Formatting, Assembling and Submitting New Drug and Antibiotic
Applications,

11. •NDAs: Impurities in Drug Substances
•Format and Content of the Human Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability
Section of an Application
•Format and Content of the Nonclinical Pharmacology/Toxicology
Section of an Application
•Providing Clinical Evidence of Effectiveness for Human Drug and
Biological Products
•Drug Master Files: Guidelines

12. Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA)
• On November 21, 1997, The President signed the Food and Drug
Administration Modernization Act of 1997. This legislation includes
authorization for FDA to continue to collect three types of user fees
from applicants who submit certain new drug and biological product
applications.
• FDA was first authorized to collect user fees under the Prescription
Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA) of 1992.

13. Advisory Committees
• Advisory committees provide independent advice and
recommendations to the FDA on scientific and technical matters
related to the development and evaluation of products regulated by
the Agency. CDER requests advice from advisory committees on a
variety of matters, including various aspects of clinical investigations
and applications for marketing approval of drug products.
• Committee members are scientific experts such as physician-
researchers and statisticians, as well as representatives of the public,
including patients. Although the committees provide
recommendations to the Agency, final decisions are made by FDA.

14. NDA Forms and Electronic Submissions
• C:UsersWINRICHDownloadsFDA-356h_func_R13_Secured_final.pdf

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