This document provides information about images from NASA's Wall Calendar 2017 featuring the Astronomy Picture of the Day. The first image discussed is of Jupiter taken by the New Horizons spacecraft in 2007 showing the planet's diverse cloud patterns. The second image is an enhanced color composite of Pluto taken by New Horizons in 2015 highlighting different surface compositions. The third image shows spiral galaxy M96 captured by the Hubble Space Telescope.
1) Australian photographer Martin Pugh won first place for his image of the Whirlpool Galaxy, which showed incredible detail of its spiral arms and the companion galaxy being torn apart by gravity.
2) The annual Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition recognizes the best astrophotography, including images of nebulae, galaxies, stars, and planets.
3) Categories include Deep Space, Earth and Space, People and Space, Young Astronomy Photographer, and Our Solar System. Winners and highly commended images show phenomena like supernova remnants, aurorae, meteor showers, and transits of Venus.
This document provides summaries of 15 photos taken from space, including:
1) A smiling face seen in a galaxy cluster photographed by Hubble.
2) Photos of Earth, the Gulf of Aden, and the International Space Station taken from the ISS.
3) A massive ring system discovered around an exoplanet 200 times larger than Saturn's rings.
4) Cloud formations over the Bering Sea captured by NASA's Aqua satellite.
5) Curiosity rover and Earth at night photographed from the ISS.
A solar system refers to a star and all the objects that travel in orbit around it. Our solar system consists of the sun - our star - eight planets and their natural satellites (such as our moon); dwarf planets; asteroids and comets. Our solar system is located in an outward spiral of the Milky Way galaxy.
The document provides information about the planets and dwarf planets in our solar system. It describes the 8 major planets and 5 dwarf planets, and discusses their key characteristics such as composition, atmosphere, rotation, and moons. Examples include Mercury having no atmosphere and many impact craters, Venus rotating backwards and having extreme temperatures, and Pluto being the first and largest dwarf planet discovered.
Astronaut Reid Wiseman tweeted a photo from the International Space Station showing a toy from his childhood floating in space. The document then provides a summary of the most impressive space photos from 2014, including photos taken by Wiseman from the ISS of Earth's landscapes, cities, natural disasters and the moon. It concludes with several close up photos of astronomical objects and phenomena taken by NASA satellites and space telescopes.
The document provides information about celestial objects in our solar system, including:
- The moon's phases are caused by its position relative to the Earth and Sun, not by changes in its shape.
- Stars are massive burning balls of gas that appear small due to their immense distance from Earth.
- Constellations are patterns of stars in the night sky, named after figures they resemble. Examples include Ursa Major, Orion, and Cassiopeia.
- The solar system contains 8 planets that orbit the Sun, as well as dwarf planets, asteroids, comets, and meteors.
The Solar System an volume of Space defined by the influence of the Sun gravity. It is extra-ordinary complex considered the type and the number of objects that circulate around the Sun. Our knowledge about the Solar System exploded as we started sending spacecrafts at the second half of the twentieth century. This is just a slideshow describing the major objects within the Solar System. 25 Sept 2021
1) Australian photographer Martin Pugh won first place for his image of the Whirlpool Galaxy, which showed incredible detail of its spiral arms and the companion galaxy being torn apart by gravity.
2) The annual Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition recognizes the best astrophotography, including images of nebulae, galaxies, stars, and planets.
3) Categories include Deep Space, Earth and Space, People and Space, Young Astronomy Photographer, and Our Solar System. Winners and highly commended images show phenomena like supernova remnants, aurorae, meteor showers, and transits of Venus.
This document provides summaries of 15 photos taken from space, including:
1) A smiling face seen in a galaxy cluster photographed by Hubble.
2) Photos of Earth, the Gulf of Aden, and the International Space Station taken from the ISS.
3) A massive ring system discovered around an exoplanet 200 times larger than Saturn's rings.
4) Cloud formations over the Bering Sea captured by NASA's Aqua satellite.
5) Curiosity rover and Earth at night photographed from the ISS.
A solar system refers to a star and all the objects that travel in orbit around it. Our solar system consists of the sun - our star - eight planets and their natural satellites (such as our moon); dwarf planets; asteroids and comets. Our solar system is located in an outward spiral of the Milky Way galaxy.
The document provides information about the planets and dwarf planets in our solar system. It describes the 8 major planets and 5 dwarf planets, and discusses their key characteristics such as composition, atmosphere, rotation, and moons. Examples include Mercury having no atmosphere and many impact craters, Venus rotating backwards and having extreme temperatures, and Pluto being the first and largest dwarf planet discovered.
Astronaut Reid Wiseman tweeted a photo from the International Space Station showing a toy from his childhood floating in space. The document then provides a summary of the most impressive space photos from 2014, including photos taken by Wiseman from the ISS of Earth's landscapes, cities, natural disasters and the moon. It concludes with several close up photos of astronomical objects and phenomena taken by NASA satellites and space telescopes.
The document provides information about celestial objects in our solar system, including:
- The moon's phases are caused by its position relative to the Earth and Sun, not by changes in its shape.
- Stars are massive burning balls of gas that appear small due to their immense distance from Earth.
- Constellations are patterns of stars in the night sky, named after figures they resemble. Examples include Ursa Major, Orion, and Cassiopeia.
- The solar system contains 8 planets that orbit the Sun, as well as dwarf planets, asteroids, comets, and meteors.
The Solar System an volume of Space defined by the influence of the Sun gravity. It is extra-ordinary complex considered the type and the number of objects that circulate around the Sun. Our knowledge about the Solar System exploded as we started sending spacecrafts at the second half of the twentieth century. This is just a slideshow describing the major objects within the Solar System. 25 Sept 2021
Solar System Powerpoint Webquest Michelle Marin 8B Sciencemichellewmarin
The document provides an overview of the solar system, including information about the 8 planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune) and 3 dwarf planets (Pluto, Ceres, Eris). It describes key facts about each celestial body such as their composition, moons, rotation, and orbits. The document aims to inform readers about the general structure and characteristics of objects found in our solar system.
The document provides an overview of the eight planets in our solar system - Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. It includes 3 key facts about each planet, such as their orbital period, composition, moons, and temperatures. The document concludes with an assignment asking students to explore NASA's interactive solar system tool, draw their favorite planet, and teach classmates about it.
Our universe (stars & solar system) class 8Ravi Prakash
This document provides information about the solar system and universe from the perspective of an 8th grade physics student named Ravi Prakash Singh. It discusses key topics like the universe, celestial objects, our solar system, galaxies, light years, and various astronomical units of measurement. Specific details are given about planets like Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, and characteristics that differentiate inner and outer planets.
The document provides an overview of the solar system and constellations. It describes the nine planets in our solar system, including their sizes, compositions, orbits, and other details. It also explains some of the major constellations that can be seen in the night skies during different seasons, including their shapes and prominent stars.
The document summarizes key facts about celestial objects in our solar system. It describes the moon's phases and composition. It then discusses constellations and the inner and outer planets, providing details about Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. It also mentions asteroids, comets, meteors, meteorites and artificial satellites. The sun is identified as the center of our solar system and ultimate source of energy.
The document provides an overview of various night sky wonders including stars, planets, meteors, comets, auroras, airglow, the Milky Way galaxy, and light pollution. Key points include that stars twinkle due to atmospheric distortion, meteor showers occur when Earth passes through debris trails left by comets, and the aurora borealis results from interactions between the solar wind and Earth's atmosphere. Major celestial objects visible to the naked eye like the Beehive Cluster, Pleiades, Double Cluster, Andromeda Galaxy, and Orion Nebula are also highlighted.
Astronomy Photographer of the Year 2013 Winning Picturesguimera
This document contains summaries of winning and highly commended photographs from several astronomy photography competitions. The winning photo in the "Earth and Space" category shows the central region of the Milky Way galaxy and the Magellanic Clouds as seen from the southern hemisphere. The winning photo in the "Deep Space" category depicts the nebula Sh2-239 and notes that structures like this appear timeless but change dramatically over astronomical timescales. The winning photo for "Our Solar System" captures the corona during the 2012 Australian total solar eclipse.
The document discusses various units of time including days, months, years and their astronomical origins. It describes solar and sidereal time and how precession causes the constellations to change position relative to the seasons. Standard time zones were established in the late 19th century to accommodate railroad schedules. Sundials are among the earliest timekeeping devices and use shadows to indicate local apparent time. The modern Gregorian calendar improved on the Julian calendar by more accurately accounting for the tropical year.
There are two types of eclipses: solar eclipses which occur when the moon passes between the earth and sun, and lunar eclipses which occur when the earth passes between the sun and moon. During a solar eclipse, the moon can block all, some, or none of the sun, resulting in total, partial, or annular eclipses. A total solar eclipse occurs when the moon completely covers the sun, briefly turning day to night, while partial eclipses only block part of the sun. Lunar eclipses occur during a full moon when the earth blocks the sun's light from reaching the moon, causing it to take on a red color from the sunlight bending through the earth's atmosphere.
The document summarizes key facts about Earth and its moon:
1) Earth is unique in our solar system for having liquid water and a stable atmosphere that supports life. The moon is Earth's only natural satellite.
2) It is believed that the moon formed over 4 billion years ago when a Mars-sized planet collided with Earth, ejecting material that coalesced to form the moon.
3) The moon has different terrain types including dark volcanic lowlands called maria and bright, heavily cratered highlands. Humans first visited the moon in 1969 through the Apollo missions, with the last mission in 1972.
The document summarizes key components of the solar system, including:
1) The planets and stars, with brief descriptions of Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranes, Neptune, and Pluto.
2) The sun, made up mostly of hydrogen and helium, with sunspots caused by interactions with its magnetic field.
3) Some of the largest stars like Antares, Pollux, and Arcturus that are bigger than the sun.
4) Facts about the moon, such as it taking 27 days to orbit Earth and a lunar month being 29.5 days.
The document describes the inner and outer planets of the solar system, as well as their natural and artificial satellites. It provides details about the moons of each planet, including Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. It also discusses different types of artificial satellites such as communication, resource, navigation, military, scientific, and weather satellites and how they are used.
The document provides an overview of what is known about the universe based on observations from the Hubble Space Telescope. It discusses how ancient models placed Earth at the center, whereas it is now known that Earth revolves around the sun, which is one of billions of stars. Distances to stars are enormous, measured in light years. Stars appear to move due to Earth's rotation. Stars are giant balls of plasma undergoing nuclear fusion, and their life cycles depend on their mass. Galaxies contain billions of stars and come in different shapes. The universe began in a massive explosion known as the Big Bang around 13.8 billion years ago.
This is a presentation that I completed for EDU 290 in the Fall 2009. The intent of the assignment was to create a lesson that could be used by a student that missed the classroom instruction due to illness.
Formations of the solar system final- Sophiewhitmers
Stars form from clouds of dust and gas that collapse under their own gravity. As the cloud collapses, a hot protostar forms at the center. Nearby clouds may break into blobs, explaining why most stars exist in pairs or groups. Planets form from disks of dust and gas that surround young stars. As the disk spins, dust clumps stick together, growing into planetesimals that eventually collide and merge into planets. Moons can form alongside planets from leftover material, be captured asteroids, or form from debris after a large impact. Eventually the sun will run out of hydrogen fuel and expand into a red giant, likely consuming the inner planets before collapsing into a white dwarf.
The document summarizes key concepts about the solar system, including:
- The solar system is made up of the sun and eight planets that orbit around it, along with moons, asteroids, and comets.
- The earth spins on its axis, causing day and night, and its tilt and orbit around the sun cause the seasons in the northern and southern hemispheres.
- Nuclear fusion in the sun's core converts hydrogen to helium, releasing enormous amounts of energy that allow it to shine.
Pluto was originally classified as the ninth planet from the Sun after its discovery in 1930. However, in 2006 the International Astronomical Union reclassified Pluto as a dwarf planet due to discoveries of other large bodies in the Kuiper belt and a new definition of a planet requiring it to dominate its orbital neighborhood. While some scientists accepted this change, others sought to overturn it, and some members of the public rejected Pluto's demotion from planet status despite the IAU decision.
This document provides information about the moon through a series of true/false statements for students to respond to by clapping or stomping. It then provides additional details about the moon, including that it is Earth's only natural satellite, orbits Earth over 29 days, and has lower gravity than Earth. The moon's surface has dark maria regions and bright highland regions, and the first man to step foot on the moon was Neil Armstrong during the Apollo 11 mission in 1969.
Solar System Powerpoint Webquest Michelle Marin 8B Sciencemichellewmarin
The document provides an overview of the solar system, including information about the 8 planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune) and 3 dwarf planets (Pluto, Ceres, Eris). It describes key facts about each celestial body such as their composition, moons, rotation, and orbits. The document aims to inform readers about the general structure and characteristics of objects found in our solar system.
The document provides an overview of the eight planets in our solar system - Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. It includes 3 key facts about each planet, such as their orbital period, composition, moons, and temperatures. The document concludes with an assignment asking students to explore NASA's interactive solar system tool, draw their favorite planet, and teach classmates about it.
Our universe (stars & solar system) class 8Ravi Prakash
This document provides information about the solar system and universe from the perspective of an 8th grade physics student named Ravi Prakash Singh. It discusses key topics like the universe, celestial objects, our solar system, galaxies, light years, and various astronomical units of measurement. Specific details are given about planets like Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, and characteristics that differentiate inner and outer planets.
The document provides an overview of the solar system and constellations. It describes the nine planets in our solar system, including their sizes, compositions, orbits, and other details. It also explains some of the major constellations that can be seen in the night skies during different seasons, including their shapes and prominent stars.
The document summarizes key facts about celestial objects in our solar system. It describes the moon's phases and composition. It then discusses constellations and the inner and outer planets, providing details about Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. It also mentions asteroids, comets, meteors, meteorites and artificial satellites. The sun is identified as the center of our solar system and ultimate source of energy.
The document provides an overview of various night sky wonders including stars, planets, meteors, comets, auroras, airglow, the Milky Way galaxy, and light pollution. Key points include that stars twinkle due to atmospheric distortion, meteor showers occur when Earth passes through debris trails left by comets, and the aurora borealis results from interactions between the solar wind and Earth's atmosphere. Major celestial objects visible to the naked eye like the Beehive Cluster, Pleiades, Double Cluster, Andromeda Galaxy, and Orion Nebula are also highlighted.
Astronomy Photographer of the Year 2013 Winning Picturesguimera
This document contains summaries of winning and highly commended photographs from several astronomy photography competitions. The winning photo in the "Earth and Space" category shows the central region of the Milky Way galaxy and the Magellanic Clouds as seen from the southern hemisphere. The winning photo in the "Deep Space" category depicts the nebula Sh2-239 and notes that structures like this appear timeless but change dramatically over astronomical timescales. The winning photo for "Our Solar System" captures the corona during the 2012 Australian total solar eclipse.
The document discusses various units of time including days, months, years and their astronomical origins. It describes solar and sidereal time and how precession causes the constellations to change position relative to the seasons. Standard time zones were established in the late 19th century to accommodate railroad schedules. Sundials are among the earliest timekeeping devices and use shadows to indicate local apparent time. The modern Gregorian calendar improved on the Julian calendar by more accurately accounting for the tropical year.
There are two types of eclipses: solar eclipses which occur when the moon passes between the earth and sun, and lunar eclipses which occur when the earth passes between the sun and moon. During a solar eclipse, the moon can block all, some, or none of the sun, resulting in total, partial, or annular eclipses. A total solar eclipse occurs when the moon completely covers the sun, briefly turning day to night, while partial eclipses only block part of the sun. Lunar eclipses occur during a full moon when the earth blocks the sun's light from reaching the moon, causing it to take on a red color from the sunlight bending through the earth's atmosphere.
The document summarizes key facts about Earth and its moon:
1) Earth is unique in our solar system for having liquid water and a stable atmosphere that supports life. The moon is Earth's only natural satellite.
2) It is believed that the moon formed over 4 billion years ago when a Mars-sized planet collided with Earth, ejecting material that coalesced to form the moon.
3) The moon has different terrain types including dark volcanic lowlands called maria and bright, heavily cratered highlands. Humans first visited the moon in 1969 through the Apollo missions, with the last mission in 1972.
The document summarizes key components of the solar system, including:
1) The planets and stars, with brief descriptions of Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranes, Neptune, and Pluto.
2) The sun, made up mostly of hydrogen and helium, with sunspots caused by interactions with its magnetic field.
3) Some of the largest stars like Antares, Pollux, and Arcturus that are bigger than the sun.
4) Facts about the moon, such as it taking 27 days to orbit Earth and a lunar month being 29.5 days.
The document describes the inner and outer planets of the solar system, as well as their natural and artificial satellites. It provides details about the moons of each planet, including Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. It also discusses different types of artificial satellites such as communication, resource, navigation, military, scientific, and weather satellites and how they are used.
The document provides an overview of what is known about the universe based on observations from the Hubble Space Telescope. It discusses how ancient models placed Earth at the center, whereas it is now known that Earth revolves around the sun, which is one of billions of stars. Distances to stars are enormous, measured in light years. Stars appear to move due to Earth's rotation. Stars are giant balls of plasma undergoing nuclear fusion, and their life cycles depend on their mass. Galaxies contain billions of stars and come in different shapes. The universe began in a massive explosion known as the Big Bang around 13.8 billion years ago.
This is a presentation that I completed for EDU 290 in the Fall 2009. The intent of the assignment was to create a lesson that could be used by a student that missed the classroom instruction due to illness.
Formations of the solar system final- Sophiewhitmers
Stars form from clouds of dust and gas that collapse under their own gravity. As the cloud collapses, a hot protostar forms at the center. Nearby clouds may break into blobs, explaining why most stars exist in pairs or groups. Planets form from disks of dust and gas that surround young stars. As the disk spins, dust clumps stick together, growing into planetesimals that eventually collide and merge into planets. Moons can form alongside planets from leftover material, be captured asteroids, or form from debris after a large impact. Eventually the sun will run out of hydrogen fuel and expand into a red giant, likely consuming the inner planets before collapsing into a white dwarf.
The document summarizes key concepts about the solar system, including:
- The solar system is made up of the sun and eight planets that orbit around it, along with moons, asteroids, and comets.
- The earth spins on its axis, causing day and night, and its tilt and orbit around the sun cause the seasons in the northern and southern hemispheres.
- Nuclear fusion in the sun's core converts hydrogen to helium, releasing enormous amounts of energy that allow it to shine.
Pluto was originally classified as the ninth planet from the Sun after its discovery in 1930. However, in 2006 the International Astronomical Union reclassified Pluto as a dwarf planet due to discoveries of other large bodies in the Kuiper belt and a new definition of a planet requiring it to dominate its orbital neighborhood. While some scientists accepted this change, others sought to overturn it, and some members of the public rejected Pluto's demotion from planet status despite the IAU decision.
This document provides information about the moon through a series of true/false statements for students to respond to by clapping or stomping. It then provides additional details about the moon, including that it is Earth's only natural satellite, orbits Earth over 29 days, and has lower gravity than Earth. The moon's surface has dark maria regions and bright highland regions, and the first man to step foot on the moon was Neil Armstrong during the Apollo 11 mission in 1969.
The Solar System consists of the Sun and eight planets that orbit around it, including four inner planets closest to the Sun and four outer planets further away. It also contains smaller objects like asteroids, meteoroids, and comets. The inner planets are rocky, while the outer planets are primarily made of gas. Together, along with their moons and other constituents, they make up our Solar System and the area of space directly influenced by the Sun.
The document provides details about the 45th anniversary of the Apollo 11 moon landing mission in 1969. It includes photos and descriptions of key events from the mission, such as the launch from Kennedy Space Center, the lunar landing, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin becoming the first men to walk on the moon, and their activities and experiments conducted on the lunar surface. The mission achieved the national goal of landing astronauts on the moon and returning them safely back to Earth.
The document is a summary of the planets and moons in our solar system. It provides details on each planet's orbit around the sun, distance from the sun, gravity, atmosphere and notable features. It also describes Earth's moon and its formation from asteroid impacts over time.
1) NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter captured a unique view of Earth from its position orbiting the moon in December 2015.
2) The best space photos of 2015 included images of the Milky Way galaxy, nebulae, galaxies, planets, and astronomical phenomena taken by NASA, ESA, and amateur astronomers.
3) Many of the photos showed new details of astronomical objects observed by probes like New Horizons, Hubble Space Telescope, and Mars rovers.
2023 NASA Science Calendar Print Resolution.pdfickyvip
This document provides a summary of NASA science activities and discoveries in 2022-2023. Some key points include:
- The James Webb Space Telescope revealed its first images in 2022, providing new views of the early universe.
- The Artemis program is preparing for crewed missions to return humans to the Moon and explore further.
- NASA continues Mars exploration with the Perseverance rover collecting samples for future return to Earth.
- Upcoming Earth System Observatory missions will improve understanding of climate change and natural hazards.
- NASA science fuels new technologies and workforce opportunities through robotic and crewed missions.
The document summarizes several major developments in space exploration from the past year, including Ireland's first space mission called Cumar, Scott Kelly and Mikhail Kornienko's year-long mission aboard the International Space Station, Hubble Telescope turning 25 years old, MESSENGER spacecraft's final images of Mercury before crashing into it, discoveries of potential planets beyond Pluto and water on Mars and Saturn's moon Enceladus, Earth-like exoplanet Kepler-452b found, New Horizons spacecraft's flyby of Pluto and observations of its moons, and Philae lander's touchdown on comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko as part of the Rosetta mission.
The Hubble Space Telescope is a large space-based observatory named after astronomer Edwin Hubble that has provided unprecedented views of the universe. Hubble orbits Earth every 96 minutes and has taken many famous images including pillars of creation in the Eagle Nebula and the Crab Nebula. Some of Hubble's images show planetary nebulae, star clusters, galaxies and more distant objects in the universe.
The document provides a summary of notable space and astronomy pictures from 2013, including:
1) Hubble telescope photos of the Horsehead Nebula and a map of relic radiation from the Big Bang composed from Planck satellite data.
2) Photos from Mars including the Curiosity rover drilling into a rock and findings suggesting Mars could have once supported life.
3) Photos of Saturn from Cassini including its rings, hexagonal polar vortex, and storms; and photos of the Milky Way from space and Earth.
New Horizons was the first spacecraft to visit Pluto, capturing the first high-resolution images of its surface in July 2015. It is now en route to a Kuiper Belt object called 2014 MU69, which it will reach on January 1, 2019. The spacecraft has provided valuable new insights into Pluto and its moons, such as evidence of past geological activity on Pluto and a possible subsurface ocean on Charon, but communicating with it is challenging due to its great distance from Earth.
NASA's Juno spacecraft successfully entered Jupiter's orbit on July 4, 2016 after a 35-minute engine burn that decreased its velocity. This marks a major milestone for the mission, which aims to study Jupiter's composition, gravity field, magnetic field, and polar magnetosphere. Over the coming months, Juno will perform instrument checks and early science collection before its official science collection phase begins in October. The successful orbit insertion indicates the spacecraft is performing well and ready to investigate Jupiter and help scientists better understand the formation and evolution of giant planets.
Astronomy Impact
Astronomy Essay
Astronomy Essay
Astronomy Essay
Astronomy Essay
Essay about Telescopes in Astronomy
Socrates On Astronomy
Ancient Greek Astronomy Essay
History of Astronomy
This is a 2024 NASA Calendar . This has information such as Rear Admiral Evelyn Fields is the first woman and first African American to lead
the NOAA Commissioned Officer Corps, which is one of the nation’s eight uniformed
services. Fields began her career at NOAA as a cartographer in 1972, only two years
after the agency formed. Less than a year later, the NOAA Corps began accepting
women into its commissioned officer ranks, and she became the first African American
woman to join. Fields became a rear admiral and director of both NOAA Corps
and the Office of Marine and Aviation Operations in 1999. She is the first woman
to become a NOAA Corps rear admiral. Fields retired in late 2003. Photo credit:
NOAA/Military Officer Association of America and Dr. Eric Cornell is a co-principal investigator on NASA’s Cold Atom Lab and
a fellow at JILA, a joint institute between the National Institute of Standards
and Technology (NIST) and the University of Colorado Boulder. His research
focuses on ultracold atoms and on precision metrology (the scientific study
of measurement) in the service of fundamental physics. Along with Dr. Carl
Wieman and Dr. Wolfgang Ketterle, he was awarded the 2001 Nobel Prize for
the first experimental realization of a Bose-Einstein condensate—a fifth state of
matter first predicted in 1917. Today, the techniques that Cornell helped develop
for cooling atoms to ultracold temperatures are used in laboratories around the
world and on the International Space Station by the Cold Atom Lab. Photo credit:
University of Colorado Boulder
NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory - 2012 Annual reportJon Nelson
Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) is a federally funded research and development center and NASA field center located in Pasadena, California, United States.
JPL is managed by the nearby California Institute of Technology (Caltech) for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The laboratory's primary function is the construction and operation of robotic planetary spacecraft, though it also conducts Earth-orbit and astronomy missions. It is also responsible for operating NASA's Deep Space Network.
Among the laboratory's current major active projects are the Mars Science Laboratory mission (which includes the Curiosity rover), the Cassini–Huygens mission orbiting Saturn, the Mars Exploration Rovers (Spirit and Opportunity), the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, the Dawn mission to the dwarf planet Ceres and asteroid Vesta, the Juno spacecraft en route to Jupiter, the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) mission to the Moon, the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) X-ray telescope, and the Spitzer Space Telescope.
This chapter discusses small solar system bodies like dwarf planets, asteroids, meteoroids, comets, and Kuiper Belt objects. It describes their properties and classifications. Key points include that dwarf planets like Pluto and Eris have been discovered in the outer solar system, along with their moons. Asteroids exist in the main belt between Mars and Jupiter and some have orbits that cross Earth's. Comets contain ice and debris and have tails when close to the Sun. Impacts from these small bodies have caused mass extinctions on Earth in the past.
Two new moons were discovered orbiting Pluto in 2005 using the Hubble Space Telescope. Follow up observations in 2006 confirmed the moons' orbits, verifying them as the first known moons of Pluto other than Charon. The new moons are estimated to be about half the size of Charon and their discovery means Pluto is the first Kuiper Belt object known to have multiple moons.
Hubble space telescope: 25 years photographing the galaxies far, far awayguimera
The document summarizes the 25-year history of discoveries and iconic images from the Hubble Space Telescope. It provides background on Hubble's launch in 1990 and highlights some of Hubble's most impressive images over the years, including views of planets in our solar system, nearby galaxies like Andromeda, and some of the deepest views of the early universe ever achieved. It also includes 25 of Hubble's "best images" showing nebulae, galaxies, and other astronomical phenomena.
Over the last decade, Southwest Research Institute has expanded its space science program to encompass five spacecraft missions ranging from studies of Earth's magnetosphere to the outer boundaries of the solar system. Some key ongoing and upcoming missions mentioned include IBEX to image the edge of the solar system, Juno to study Jupiter, MMS to examine magnetic reconnection around Earth, New Horizons to flyby Pluto, and Cassini continuing studies at Saturn. The institute is also involved in developing instruments and conducting research for various current and future NASA planetary science missions.
Target pluto fastest spaceship set for epic encounter with our remotest plan...Som-Deepak Kumar-Sawant
New Horizons has travelled over 3 billion miles over 9 years to study Pluto and its moons up close. It will pass within 6,200 miles of Pluto in July, obtaining hundreds of thousands of images and measurements to transform our understanding. Currently very little is known about Pluto, but the data from New Horizons will fill textbooks. After studying Pluto, New Horizons will continue on into the Kuiper Belt to rendezvous with another small planet years from now.
Radial velocity measurement, which detects tiny wobbles in a star's motion caused by an orbiting planet, was the first technique used to detect exoplanets in 1995. It remains a primary method and has discovered hundreds of planets by measuring changes in the star's spectrum over many observations. The Kepler space telescope has also found thousands of planet candidates using the transit method, which detects dips in a star's brightness when a planet passes in front. Other techniques like astrometry, microlensing, and direct imaging aim to directly image planets, but have had limited success so far due to the huge contrast between planet and star signals. Future space telescopes may enable direct imaging and characterization of Earth-like exoplanets.
Recent developments in space exploration and travels jcandrade2
1. The Rosetta spacecraft landed Philae on a comet in 2014, taking measurements. Philae awoke again in summer 2015 to continue communicating.
2. New Horizons launched in 2006 and reached Pluto in 2015, throughout major world events. It had a small CPU but continued its mission.
3. NASA confirmed in 2015 that liquid water runs on Mars' surface during summer, potentially indicating life.
4. Scientists discovered two potential Earth-sized planets beyond Pluto in our solar system in 2015, which could revolutionize astronomy.
Mendeley Report: New Horizons: From Research Paper to PlutoElsevier
This report, released on the eve of the New Horizons Pluto flyby, examine the role of academic publishing in deep-space exploration. Read more about the report and Mendeley's events with NASA on Elsevier Connect: http://elsevier.com/connect/follow-pluto-flyby-with-Mendeley-at-NASA
This document provides an overview of topics related to space and the solar system, including the planets and their characteristics, space exploration, the moon, space probes, astronomy, and math activities. Key information includes descriptions of the inner and outer planets, how long it takes each planet to orbit the sun, details about asteroids, comets, and the phases of the moon. Hands-on math activities are suggested to help students understand distances in our solar system.
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths ForwardLeonel Morgado
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...Scintica Instrumentation
Targeting Hsp90 and its pathogen Orthologs with Tethered Inhibitors as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategy for cancer and infectious diseases with Dr. Timothy Haystead.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdfSelcen Ozturkcan
Ozturkcan, S., Berndt, A., & Angelakis, A. (2024). Mending clothing to support sustainable fashion. Presented at the 31st Annual Conference by the Consortium for International Marketing Research (CIMaR), 10-13 Jun 2024, University of Gävle, Sweden.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...Leonel Morgado
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
2. Jupiter's Clouds from New Horizons
Explanation: The New Horizons spacecraft took some stunning images of Jupiter on its way out to Pluto. Famous for its Great Red Spot, Jupiter is also
known for its regular, equatorial cloud bands, visible through even modest sized telescopes. The featured image, horizontally compressed, was taken in
2007 near Jupiter's terminator and shows the Jovian giant's wide diversity of cloud patterns. On the far left are clouds closest to Jupiter's South Pole.
Here turbulent whirlpools and swirls are seen in a dark region, dubbed a belt, that rings the planet. Even light colored regions, called zones, show
tremendous structure, complete with complex wave patterns. The energy that drives these waves surely comes from below. New Horizons is the fastest
space probe ever launched, has successfully complete its main flyby of Pluto in 2015, and is now heading further out and on track to flyby Kuiper belt
object 2014 MU69 in 2019. (APOD on 2016 June 26)
4. Pluto in Enhanced Color
Explanation: Pluto is more colorful than we can see. Color data and images of our Solar System's most famous dwarf planet, taken by the robotic New
Horizons spacecraft during its flyby in July, have been digitally combined to give an enhanced view of this ancient world sporting an unexpectedly young
surface. The featured enhanced color image is not only esthetically pretty but scientifically useful, making surface regions of differing chemical
composition visually distinct. For example, the light-colored heart-shaped Tombaugh Regio on the lower right is clearly shown here to be divisible into
two regions that are geologically different, with the leftmost lobe Sputnik Planum also appearing unusually smooth. New Horizons now continues on
beyond Pluto, will continue to beam back more images and data, and has been directed to change course so that it can fly past asteroid 2014 MU69 in
2019 January. (APOD on 2015 August 31)
6. Spiral Galaxy M96 from Hubble
Explanation: Dust lanes seem to swirl around the core of Messier 96 in this colorful, detailed portrait of the center of a beautiful island universe. Of
course M96 is a spiral galaxy, and counting the faint arms extending beyond the brighter central region, it spans 100 thousand light-years or so, making
it about the size of our own Milky Way. M96, also known as NGC 3368, is known to be about 35 million light-years distant and a dominant member of
the Leo I galaxy group. The featured image was taken by the Hubble Space Telescope. The reason for M96's asymmetry is unclear -- it could have arisen
from gravitational interactions with other Leo I group galaxies, but the lack of an intra-group diffuse glow seems to indicate few recent interactions.
Galaxies far in the background can be found by examining the edges of the picture. (APOD on 2015 September 21)
8. Charon: Moon of Pluto
Explanation: A darkened and mysterious north polar region informally known as Mordor Macula caps this premier high-resolution portrait of Charon,
Pluto's largest moon. Captured by New Horizons near its closest approach on July 14, the image data was transmitted to Earth on September 21. The
combined blue, red, and infrared data is processed to enhance colors, following variations in surface properties with a resolution of about 2.9
kilometers (1.8 miles). In fact, Charon is 1,214 kilometers (754 miles) across, about 1/10th the size of planet Earth but a whopping 1/2 the diameter of
Pluto itself. That makes it the largest satellite relative to its planet in the solar system. This remarkable image of Charon's Pluto-facing hemisphere
shows a clearer view of an apparently moon-girdling belt of fractures and canyons that seems to separate smooth southern plains from varied northern
terrain. (APOD on 2015 October 2)
10. Earth and Milky Way from Space
Explanation: Since November 2000, people have been living continuously on the International Space Station. To celebrate humanity's 15th anniversary
off planet Earth, consider this snapshot from space of our galaxy and our home world posing together beyond the orbital outpost. The Milky Way
stretches below the curve of Earth's limb in the scene that also records a faint red, extended airglow. The galaxy's central bulge appears with starfields
cut by dark rifts of obscuring interstellar dust. The picture was taken by Astronaut Scott Kelly on August 9, 2015, the 135th day of his one-year mission in
space. (APOD on 2015 November 7)
12. Herbig-Haro 24 from Hubble
Explanation: This might look like a double-bladed lightsaber, but these two cosmic jets actually beam outward from a newborn star in a galaxy near you.
Constructed from Hubble Space Telescope image data, the stunning scene spans about half a light-year across Herbig-Haro 24 (HH 24), some 1,300 light-
years or 400 parsecs away in the stellar nurseries of the Orion B molecular cloud complex. Hidden from direct view, HH 24's central protostar is
surrounded by cold dust and gas flattened into a rotating accretion disk. As material from the disk falls toward the young stellar object it heats up.
Opposing jets are blasted out along the system's rotation axis. Cutting through the region's interstellar matter, the narrow, energetic jets produce a
series of glowing shock fronts along their path. Acknowledgment: D. Padgett (GSFC), T. Megeath (University of Toledo), B. Reipurth (University of
Hawaii) (APOD on 2015 December 18)
14. Star Cluster R136 Bursts Out
Explanation: In the center of star-forming region 30 Doradus lies a huge cluster containing some of the largest, hottest, and most massive stars known.
These stars, known collectively as star cluster R136, were captured in the featured image in visible light by the Wide Field Camera 3 in 2009 peering
through the Hubble Space Telescope. Gas and dust clouds in 30 Doradus, also known as the Tarantula Nebula, have been sculpted into elongated
shapes by powerful winds and ultraviolet radiation from these hot cluster stars. The 30 Doradus Nebula lies within a neighboring galaxy known as the
Large Magellanic Cloud and is located a mere 170,000 light-years away. (APOD on 2016 January 24)
16. A Supernova through Galaxy Dust
Explanation: Telescopes around the world tracked a bright supernova that occurred in a nearby dusty galaxy. The nearby galaxy is the photogenic
Centaurus A, visible with binoculars and known for impressive filaments of light-absorbing dust that cross its center. Cen A is featured here in a high-
resolution archival Hubble Space Telescope image, with an inset image featuring the supernova taken from the ground only two days after discovery.
Designated SN2016adj, the supernova is highlighted with crosshairs in the inset, appearing just to the left of a bright foreground star in our Milky Way
Galaxy. This supernova is currently thought to be of Type IIb, a stellar-core-collapse supernova, and is of high interest because it occurred so nearby and
because it is being seen through a known dust filament. Future observations of this supernova may give us new clues about the fates of massive stars
and how some elements found on our Earth were formed. (APOD on 2016 February 23)
18. NASA's Curiosity Rover at Namib Dune
Explanation: Point or tilt to see a spectacular view of Mars visible to the Curiosity rover last December. In the foreground, part of Curiosity itself is
visible, including its dusty sundial. Starting about seven meters back, the robotic rover is seen posing in front of a 5-meter tall dark sand dune named
Namib, one of many dunes that span Bagnold field. Further in the distance is the summit of Mt. Sharp, the 5.5-kilometer peak at the center of 150-km
wide Gale crater, the crater where Curiosity landed a few years ago. The featured composite spans a full 360-degrees around by combining several
images taken on the same day, while the result has been color adjusted to mimic Earth lighting. Most recently, Curiosity is crossing the rocky and
uneven Naukluft Plateau as it continues to make its way around and up Mt. Sharp. (APOD on 2016 March 29)
20. LL Orionis: When Cosmic Winds Collide
Explanation: What created this great arc in space? This arcing, graceful structure is actually a bow shock about half a light-year across, created as the
wind from young star LL Orionis collides with the Orion Nebula flow. Adrift in Orion's stellar nursery and still in its formative years, variable star LL
Orionis produces a wind more energetic than the wind from our own middle-aged sun. As the fast stellar wind runs into slow moving gas a shock front is
formed, analogous to the bow wave of a boat moving through water or a plane traveling at supersonic speed. In three dimensions, LL Ori's wrap-around
shock front is shaped like a bowl that appears brightest when viewed along the "bottom" edge. The complex stellar nursery in Orion shows a myriad of
similar fluid shapes associated with star formation, including the bow shock surrounding a faint star at the upper right. Part of a mosaic covering the
Great Nebula in Orion, this composite color image was recorded in 1995 by the Hubble Space Telescope.(APOD on 2016 May 22)
22. The International Space Station over Earth
Explanation: The International Space Station is the largest object ever constructed by humans in space. The station perimeter extends over roughly the
area of a football field, although only a small fraction of this is composed of modules habitable by humans. The station is so large that it could not be
launched all at once -- it continues to be built piecemeal. To function, the ISS needs huge trusses, some over 15 meters long and with masses over
10,000 kilograms, to keep it rigid and to route electricity and liquid coolants. Pictured above, the immense space station was photographed from the
now-retired space shuttle Atlantis after a week-long stay in 2010. Across the image top hangs part of a bright blue Earth, in stark contrast to the
darkness of interstellar space across the bottom. (APOD on 2016 April 18)
24. The Horsehead Nebula in Infrared from Hubble
Explanation: While drifting through the cosmos, a magnificent interstellar dust cloud became sculpted by stellar winds and radiation to assume a
recognizable shape. Fittingly named the Horsehead Nebula, it is embedded in the vast and complex Orion Nebula (M42). A potentially rewarding but
difficult object to view personally with a small telescope, the above gorgeously detailed image was taken in 2013 in infrared light by the orbiting Hubble
Space Telescope in honor of the 23rd anniversary of Hubble's launch. The dark molecular cloud, roughly 1,500 light years distant, is cataloged as
Barnard 33 and is seen above primarily because it is backlit by the nearby massive star Sigma Orionis. The Horsehead Nebula will slowly shift its
apparent shape over the next few million years and will eventually be destroyed by the high energy starlight. (APOD 2016 June 8)
26. Zeta Oph: Runaway Star
Explanation: Like a ship plowing through cosmic seas, runaway star Zeta Ophiuchi produces the arcing interstellar bow wave or bow shock seen in this
stunning infrared portrait. In the false-color view, bluish Zeta Oph, a star about 20 times more massive than the Sun, lies near the center of the frame,
moving toward the left at 24 kilometers per second. Its strong stellar wind precedes it, compressing and heating the dusty interstellar material and
shaping the curved shock front. Zeta Oph was likely once a member of a binary star system, its companion star was more massive and hence shorter
lived. When the companion exploded as a supernova catastrophically losing mass, Zeta Oph was flung out of the system. About 460 light-years away,
Zeta Oph is 65,000 times more luminous than the Sun and would be one of the brighter stars in the sky if it weren't surrounded by obscuring dust. The
image spans about 1.5 degrees or 12 light-years at the estimated distance of Zeta Ophiuchi. (APOD on 2015 July 5)
28. Apollo 17 at Shorty Crater
Explanation: On the Moon, it is easy to remember where you parked. In December of 1972, Apollo 17 astronauts Eugene Cernan and Harrison Schmitt
spent about 75 hours on the Moon in the Taurus-Littrow valley, while colleague Ronald Evans orbited overhead. This sharp image was taken by Cernan
as he and Schmitt roamed the valley floor. The image shows Schmitt on the left with the lunar rover at the edge of Shorty Crater, near the spot where
geologist Schmitt discovered orange lunar soil. The Apollo 17 crew returned with 110 kilograms of rock and soil samples, more than was returned from
any of the other lunar landing sites. Now forty three years later, Cernan and Schmitt are still the last to walk on the Moon. (APOD on 2015 August 2)
30. In the Shadow of Saturn's Rings
Explanation: Humanity's robot orbiting Saturn has recorded yet another amazing view. That robot, of course, is the spacecraft Cassini, while the new
amazing view includes a bright moon, thin rings, oddly broken clouds, and warped shadows. Titan, Saturn's largest moon, appears above as a
featureless tan as it is continually shrouded in thick clouds. The rings of Saturn are seen as a thin line because they are so flat and imaged nearly edge
on. Details of Saturn's rings are therefore best visible in the dark ring shadows seen across the giant planet's cloud tops. Since the ring particles orbit in
the same plane as Titan, they appear to skewer the foreground moon. In the upper hemisphere of Saturn, the clouds show many details, including dips
in long bright bands indicating disturbances in a high altitude jet stream. Recent precise measurements of how much Titan flexes as it orbits Saturn hint
that vast oceans of water might exist deep underground. (APOD on 2012 July 3)
32. Starburst Galaxy Messier 94
Explanation: Beautiful island universe Messier 94 lies a mere 15 million light-years distant in the northern constellation of the hunting dogs, Canes
Venatici. A popular target for earth-based astronomers, the face-on spiral galaxy is about 30,000 light-years across, with spiral arms sweeping through
the outskirts of its broad disk. But this Hubble Space Telescope field of view spans about 7,000 light-years or so across M94's central region. The sharp
close-up examines the galaxy's compact, bright nucleus and prominent inner dust lanes, surrounded by a remarkable bluish ring of young, massive
stars. The massive stars in the ring are all likely less than 10 million years old, indicating the galaxy experienced a well-defined era of rapid star
formation. As a result, while the small, bright nucleus is typical of the Seyfert class of active galaxies, M94 is also known as a starburst galaxy. Because
M94 is relatively nearby, astronomers can explore in detail reasons for the galaxy's burst of star formation. (APOD on 2015 October 23)
34. Dark Sand Cascades on Mars
Explanation: They might look like trees on Mars, but they're not. Groups of dark brown streaks have been photographed by the Mars Reconnaissance
Orbiter on melting pinkish sand dunes covered with light frost. The above image was taken in 2008 April near the North Pole of Mars. At that time, dark
sand on the interior of Martian sand dunes became more and more visible as the spring Sun melted the lighter carbon dioxide ice. When occurring near
the top of a dune, dark sand may cascade down the dune leaving dark surface streaks -- streaks that might appear at first to be trees standing in front of
the lighter regions, but cast no shadows. Objects about 25 centimeters across are resolved on this image spanning about one kilometer. Close ups of
some parts of this image show billowing plumes indicating that the sand slides were occurring even while the image was being taken. (APOD on 2015
November 29)
36. M2-9: Wings of a Butterfly Nebula
Explanation: Are stars better appreciated for their art after they die? Actually, stars usually create their most artistic displays as they die. In the case of
low-mass stars like our Sun and M2-9 pictured above, the stars transform themselves from normal stars to white dwarfs by casting off their outer
gaseous envelopes. The expended gas frequently forms an impressive display called a planetary nebula that fades gradually over thousand of years.
M2-9, a butterfly planetary nebula 2100 light-years away shown in representative colors, has wings that tell a strange but incomplete tale. In the center,
two stars orbit inside a gaseous disk 10 times the orbit of Pluto. The expelled envelope of the dying star breaks out from the disk creating the bipolar
appearance. Much remains unknown about the physical processes that cause planetary nebulae. (APOD on 2013 September 15)
38. A Solar Filament Erupts
Explanation: What's happened to our Sun? Nothing very unusual -- it just threw a filament. Toward the middle of 2012, a long standing solar filament
suddenly erupted into space producing an energetic Coronal Mass Ejection (CME). The filament had been held up for days by the Sun's ever changing
magnetic field and the timing of the eruption was unexpected. Watched closely by the Sun-orbiting Solar Dynamics Observatory, the resulting explosion
shot electrons and ions into the Solar System, some of which arrived at Earth three days later and impacted Earth's magnetosphere, causing visible
aurorae. Loops of plasma surrounding an active region can be seen above the erupting filament in the ultraviolet image. Over the past week the number
of sunspots visible on the Sun unexpectedly dropped to zero, causing speculation that the Sun has now passed a very unusual solar maximum, the time
in the Sun's 11-year cycle when it is most active. (APOD on 2014 July 20)
39. Su M Tu W Th F Sa
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14
15 16 17 18 19 20 21
22 23 24 25 26 27 28
29 30 31
Su M Tu W Th F Sa
1 2 3
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17
18 19 20 21 22 23 24
25 26 27 28 29 30
Su M Tu W Th F Sa
1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11 12 13
14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27
28 29 30 31
January
2018
Su M Tu W Th F Sa
1 2 3
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17
18 19 20 21 22 23 24
25 26 27 28
February
Su M Tu W Th F Sa
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14
15 16 17 18 19 20 21
22 23 24 25 26 27 28
29 30
March April
Su M Tu W Th F Sa
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
20 21 22 23 24 25 26
27 28 29 30 31
May
Su M Tu W Th F Sa
1 2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20 21 22 23
24 25 26 27 28 29 30
June July August
Su M Tu W Th F Sa
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20 21 22
23 24 25 26 27 28 29
30
September
Su M Tu W Th F Sa
1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11 12 13
14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27
28 29 30 31
October
Su M Tu W Th F Sa
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20 21 22
23 24 25 26 27 28 29
30 31
November December
Su M Tu W Th F Sa
1 2 3
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17
18 19 20 21 22 23 24
25 26 27 28 29 30 31
Su M Tu W Th F Sa
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9 10 11
12 13 14 15 16 17 18
19 20 21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28 29 30 31