introduction of antibiotics and full description of penicillin

1. A N T I B I O T I C S A R E S U B S T A N C E S P R O D U C E D
B Y M I C R O O R G A N I S M W H I C H E I T H E R K I L L
O R I N H I B I T T H E G R O W T H O F
M I C R O O R G A N I S M .
ANTIBIOTICS
Piyush kumar verma
1

2. C H E M O T H E R A P E U T I C A G E N T S A R E N A T U R A L
O R S E M I - S Y N T H E T I C O R S Y N T H E T I C
C H E M I C A L U S E D I N T R E A T I N G B A C T E R I A L
A N D O T H E R M I C R O - O R G A N I S M I N F E C T I O N .
CHEMOTERAPEUTIC
AGENTS
Piyush kumar verma
2

3. Adverse Effect
 Toxic Effects – Local Irritation & Abscess Formation At Site
Of Injection Or Organ Toxicity Like Liver Or Kidney Damage.
 Hypersensitivity Reaction – Mild Rashes To Sever
Anaphylactic Shock In Susceptible Person.
 Drug Resistance – Means Unresponsive For Some Drugs.
 Super Infection – Appearing A New Infection While Treating
Previous Infection.
 Vitamins Deficiency – These Destroy The Bacterial Flora Of
Our Body Which Synthesize The Vitamin B–complex And
Vitamin K.
 Toxic Effect Of Individual Drug –
Eg. Chloramphenicol Causes The Bone Marrow Depression.
Piyush kumar verma
3

4. According to mode of
action
According to range of
effectiveness
 Bacteriostatic – Which
inhibit the growth of
micro-organism.
eg. Sulfonamides
Tetracycline
 Bacteriocidal – Which
destroys or kills the
micro-organism.
eg. Penicillin
cephalosporin
 Broad spectrum-
Which act against wide
range of micro-organism.
eg. Tetracycline's
chloramphenicol
 Narrow spectrum –
which act against limited
range of micro-organism.
eg. Streptomycin
erythromycin
CLASSIFICATION
According to range of
effectiveness
Piyush kumar verma
4

5. According To Chemical Structure
 Sulfonamide
 Beta- Lactum Antibiotic. Eg. Penicillin , Cephalosporin
 Aminoglycoside. Eg.Streptomycin, Neomycin,
Gentamycin
 Tetracycline
 Nitrobenzene Derivative Eg. Chloramphenicol
 Macrolid Antibiotics Eg. Erythromycin
 4-quinolones Eg. Nalidixic Acid
 Nicotinic Acid Derivative Eg. Isoniazide , Pyrazinamide
 Nitromidazole Eg. Metronidazole , Tinidazole
 Polypeptide Eg. Polymyxin-b, Bacitracin
 Others…..
Piyush kumar verma
5

6. T H E P E N I C I L L I N W E R E T H E F I R S T
A N T I B I O T I C S T O B E D I S C O V E R E D A N D U S E D
C L I N I C A L L Y I N 1 9 4 1 .
I T W A S I S O L A T E D F R O M T H E F U N G U S
P E N I C I L L I U M N O T A T U M .
A L L P E N I C I L L I N C O N T A I N S A B E T A - L A C T U M
R I N G I N T H E I R S T R U C T U R E W H I C H I S
R E S P O N S I B L E F O R T H E I R A N T I B A C T E R I A L
A C T I V I T Y .
PENICILLINE
Piyush kumar verma
6

7. Mechanism Of Action
Penicillin
Inhibit the synthesis of bacterial cell wall
Bacterial cells swell and burst
Bacterial cell lysis
Bacteriocidal
Piyush kumar verma
7

8. Classification
Of Penicillin
1. On The Basis Of
Resistance
2. On The Basis Of
Extended Spectrum
Of Penicillin
• On The Basis Of Resistance
• Acid Labile
• Acid Resistance
• On The Basis Of Extended
Spectrum Penicillin
• Aminopenicillin
• Indanyl Penicillin
• Amidinopenicillin
• Ureidopenicillin
Piyush kumar verma
8

9. CLASSIFICATION OF PENICILLIN
TYPES OF
PENICILLIN
SHORT
DESSCRIPTION
USES DOSE &
ROUTE
EXCRET
ION
Benzyl penicillin
(Penicillin-G)
It is a narrow
spectrum antibiotic
and primarily act
against gram+
organism.
It is an acid labile
penicillin.
Streptococcal
Pneumococcal
Meningococcal
Gonococcal
Treponema
pallidum
Clostridial
infection
1. Sod.
Penicilline-
G - 0.5-
5MU IM
/IV (6-12
hourly)
Etc……
Rapidly
excrete by
kidney
Methicillin It is an acid labile
penicillin.
Mainly used
against
penicillinase
producing
staphylococci
1-2 gm IM/ IV
(6 hourly)
Kidney
Piyush kumar verma
9

10. CLASSIFICATION OF PENICILLIN
TYPES OF
PENICILLIN
SHORT
DESSCRIPTION
USES DOSE &
ROUTE
EXCRETI
ON
Phenoxymethyl
penicillin
It is acid resistance
penicillin
Similar to
penicillin –G
250-500
mg orally
(6 hourly)
Renal
excretion
Cloxacillin It is acid resistance
penicillin
It is more active
against
penicillinase
producing
staphylococci
250-500
mg orally
(6 hourly )
Renal
excretion
Ampicillin It is acid resistance
penicillin
UTI
RTI
Typhoid fever
Gonorrhea
Diarrhea
0.25-1 gm
orally
(6 hourly )
Renal
excretion
Piyush kumar verma
10

11. CLASSIFICATION OF PENICILLIN
TYPES OF
PENICILLIN
SHORT
DESSCRIPTION
USES DOSE &
ROUTE
EXCRETI
ON
Amoxicillin Similar to
penicillin –G
Similar to
penicillin –G
0.25-1 gm
orally
(8 hourly )
Renal
excretion
Azlocillin These are newer
penicillin
Pseudomonas
infection
1-3 gm
Injection
form
(6 hourly )
Renal
excretion
Piyush kumar verma
11

12. Adverse Reaction Of Penicillin
 Pain and abscess formation may occur at the site of
injection.
 Hypersensitivity reaction may manifest in the form
of rashes, itching, urticaria, fever, angioneurotic
edema or anaphylaxis.
 Drug induced diarrhea.
 Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction in syphilitic patient. In
this sudden release of spirochetal lytic products.
Piyush kumar verma
12