Anth103 Gender
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The document discusses several topics related to gender across cultures, including: 1) Recurrent patterns show females dominating domestic activities while males dominate extra-domestic activities, with women typically being primary caregivers. 2) Gender roles and the division of labor vary between societies, though foraging societies generally assign hunting to males due to size/strength while some females assist, and horticultural societies range from male-dominated to more equal. 3) Industrialization led to the idea of separate gender roles with women in the home, contributing to the feminization of poverty in some societies.
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That biological anomalies alone account for variation.
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Gender Studies is an interdisciplinary field that focuses on the complex interaction of gender with other identity markers such as race, ethnicity, sexuality, nation, and religion. Gender— femininity and masculinity—is such a basic form of social organization that its operation often passes unnoticed.
201.12 Gender.ppt
The document discusses the social construction of gender and gender inequality. It makes three key points:
1) Biological sex differences are used to justify unequal social roles, but gender is largely a social and cultural construct rather than determined by biology alone.
2) Societies assign gender roles and identities, distributing power, wealth and privilege unequally between men and women traditionally. Gender stratification refers to this unequal distribution.
3) Major sociological perspectives like functionalism and conflict theory offer explanations for the origins and persistence of gender inequality in societies. Functionalists see traditional gender roles as beneficial to family and social functioning, while conflict theorists see them as a means for men to maintain power over women.
gender
The document discusses the social construction of gender and gender inequality. It defines sex as biological differences between males and females, while gender refers to the social and cultural roles assigned to each sex. Traditionally, men have had more access to privilege and power than women. The document examines how gender roles are socially constructed and reinforced through socialization and institutions. It also explores feminist perspectives on gender stratification and the theoretical analysis of the social sources of gender differences.
The african family
The document discusses the history and challenges facing African American families in the United States. It describes how slavery made it difficult for African American slaves to form family units and the high mortality rates further complicated family formation. Over time, African American families developed their own system of kinship that emphasized extended family and community. However, policies in the 20th century disproportionately impacted African American families and removed children from their homes at higher rates due to biases in the system. Research shows African American children are overrepresented in the child welfare system today.
Sociology Of The Family, Sexuality, And Race
An overview of some new development in the field of sociology of the family at the intersections of race and sexuality.
Chapter 10 inequalities of gender and age
The document discusses the roles of biology and culture in defining gender identities. While biological differences exist between males and females, gender identity is largely formed through social and cultural influences. Margaret Mead's studies of different tribes found that gender roles varied significantly between cultures and were not fixed by biology. The document concludes that gender identity can be modified by social and cultural factors even if biological characteristics exist.
Status of women
- The document discusses the differences between biological sex and socially constructed gender roles. While sex is determined biologically, gender refers to the roles, behaviors, activities, and attributes that a society considers appropriate for males and females.
- Gender is learned through socialization and differs across cultures, as societies impose different expectations on boys and girls. Gender roles and stereotypes are passed down over time through various socializing agents like family, schools, peers, and media.
- The document examines how gender inequality manifests itself in various areas of Indian society such as education, employment, and literacy rates, with women often facing disadvantages and discrimination.
Cultural anthropology ch10 to ch14
- Sex and gender are influenced by both biological and social/cultural factors. While biology determines one's sex, gender roles and behaviors are largely learned and can vary significantly across cultures.
- Cultural practices around the world exhibit a wide range in expressions of sexuality, gender roles and relations. Most cultures are dominated by patriarchal systems where men center power. However, alternative genders also exist.
- Political organization ranges from simple band societies to more complex states. Leadership and social control methods vary depending on the type of society, from consensus-based bands to hierarchical states with formalized legal institutions.
Violent traditional gender practices and implications for nation building pro...
This document summarizes a research paper about violent traditional gender practices in Nigeria and their implications for nation building. Some key practices discussed include purdah (locking women in the home), almajiri (street begging by boys), poor girls' education, early/forced marriage, and pushing boys into business at a young age. The paper argues that these practices promote gender-based violence and negatively impact national development. It calls for increased education for both genders and government policies to promote gender re-orientation through community programs, laws, and discussions to achieve sustainable development.
Gender issues
gender issues and Gender based violence and Vioence against women are included in this.
recent data of NDHS 2011 and prevention of VAW.
Midterm done
This document discusses the roles of biological and social factors in determining gender behaviors. It argues that from birth, society strongly influences gender through labeling infants by sex and associating pink with girls and blue with boys. While sex is a person's biological status, gender involves the attitudes and behaviors associated with one's sex by a given culture. Toys and jobs are also strongly divided by gender through social norms. The document suggests that socialization plays a major role in shaping gender roles and behaviors.
Gender role 2.pptx
This document discusses gender sensitization and the role of women in Pakistani society. It begins by defining the differences between sex and gender, noting that sex refers to biological characteristics while gender refers to socially constructed roles. It then provides examples of characteristics that are sex-based versus gender-based. The document goes on to discuss the status and roles of women in Pakistani society, noting that women often have less autonomy and face various forms of violence. It concludes by arguing that improving media portrayals of women and increasing women's education can help enhance women's status in Pakistan.
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The Historical Origin of Differences in Gender Norms
The Historical Origin of Differences in Gender Norms
How Culture Constructs Gender DifferenceBiological models
How Culture Constructs Gender DifferenceBiological models
Violent traditional gender practices and implications for nation building pro...
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More from Jana Fortier
Anth1 Art Pt1
The document discusses art and culture, beginning with a discussion of what constitutes art and how it varies across cultures. It notes that art includes music, theater, visual arts, storytelling, literature and takes many forms like folk art, religious art, fine art. The document then examines different types of art including verbal art, religious art, and how art can be used to bolster religious attitudes. It discusses how to compare art cross-culturally using stylistic elements. Examples of art from different societies and time periods are provided with analyses of their design elements, use of space, balance and boundaries. The document concludes with a discussion of the earliest known aesthetic creations and the evolution of art in early humans.
Anth1 Modern World
The document discusses the emergence of the modern world system from an economic and historical perspective. It describes how the system evolved from the Industrial Revolution, with core nations exploiting resources from the peripheries for profit. This created a stratified global structure of unequal economic and political relationships between nations. Decolonization in the postwar era disrupted this system but neoliberal policies have since aimed to reduce government intervention and promote free market forces on a global scale.
Anth1 Ch15 Sht Vs
The document discusses several topics related to cultural diversity and biocultural diversity in the modern world, including acculturation, cultural imperialism, indigenous identity, and the impact of globalization. It provides examples of how contact between Western and non-Western groups has influenced cultures through processes like Westernization, Sinicization, and Hinduization. The document also addresses postmodernity, indigenous rights, conservation of biodiversity, and the need for international cooperation to protect biological and cultural diversity.
Anth Ch12 Religion
1. The document discusses definitions and types of religion including animism, polytheism, monotheism, and shamanism. It also covers major world religions and trends like growing monotheism and fundamentalism.
2. Religions are influenced by and reflect aspects of the cultures and societies in which they exist. They help maintain social order and norms. Religions may also change and blend with other beliefs during periods of cultural contact and change.
3. Secular rituals in modern societies can provide similar functions to religious rituals in giving people a sense of community and meaning. Religious demographics are shifting in countries like the US and Canada.
Anth103 Kinship
This document discusses different types of families and kinship structures across societies. It covers nuclear families consisting of parents and children, extended families with multiple generations living together, matrifocal families centered around women, and patrifocal families centered around men. Descent can be traced through the father's line (patrilineal), the mother's line (matrilineal), or both parents' lines (bilateral). Kinship structures involve rules around marriage, residence after marriage, economic cooperation, and political and religious affiliation, with variations found between classes within stratified societies.
Anth1 Marriage
The document discusses different types of marriage systems around the world. It covers topics like the definition of marriage, who qualifies as a father, exceptions to traditional marriage, reasons why marriage is universal, incest taboos, restrictions on marriage, explanations for incest taboos, who one marries, how marriage occurs, how many spouses one can have, plural marriages, divorce, and family forms.
Anth1 Economics Vs2
The document discusses different economic systems and adaptive strategies used by non-industrial societies. It defines key concepts like foraging, horticulture, pastoralism, and agriculture. For each system, it describes associated societal features like land use, technology, kinship structures, religion, and division of labor. Different exchange systems like reciprocity, redistribution, and markets are also summarized.
Anth1 Ethnicity B
The document discusses diversity and perceptions of race in several cultures. It notes that in Japan, the dominant racial group sees themselves as pure-blooded Japanese and discriminates against minority groups like the Burakumin. In Brazil, race is seen as more fluid, with over 500 racial labels and the ability for one's classification to change. The document also examines ethnic groups and national identities in Nepal, the concept of diasporas and nations as imagined communities, and roots of ethnic conflict including prejudice, discrimination, and colonialism.
Anth1 Ethnicity A
This document discusses concepts related to ethnicity, race, and their social construction. It defines key terms like ethnicity, ethnic group, race, and explores how these identities are socially constructed rather than based solely on biology. It also examines how ethnicity and race intersect with social stratification and status, including discussions of minority and majority groups, and the social implications of concepts like hypodescent and hyperdescent.
Anth1 Language
The document discusses various topics related to language and communication, including:
1) It defines what language is, how it allows humans to discuss abstract concepts, and how anthropologists study language in its social and cultural contexts.
2) It examines nonhuman communication in animals like chimpanzees and gorillas and their limited capacity for language compared to humans.
3) It explores the structure of human language, including the levels of phonology, morphology, lexicon, and syntax that linguistic studies analyze.
Anth1 Wk1 Pt2
Cultural anthropology includes several subfields such as economic anthropology, psychological anthropology, religious anthropology, and ecological anthropology. Anthropologists use various research methods like archaeological studies, linguistic analysis, and ethnographic fieldwork to study human cultures and behavior. They draw on both scientific and humanistic approaches to develop explanations and understand societies in cultural and historical context.
Anth1 Culture
The document discusses several key concepts related to culture:
- Culture is learned, shared, and symbolic. It provides rules and meaning systems that are distinct from biological instincts.
- Culture is integrated and adaptive. Changes in one aspect of culture can influence other aspects as the culture aims to maintain equilibrium.
- Theories of culture include cultural materialism, which sees culture as adapting to the environment, and symbolic theories, which see culture as systems of meaning and symbols.
Anth1 Method & Theory
This document discusses various methods and techniques used in cultural anthropology fieldwork and ethnography, including participant observation, interviews, kinship charting, life histories, and problem-oriented research. It notes that ethnography employs both qualitative and quantitative methods, and can involve both long-term longitudinal studies as well as team and collaborative research projects. Contemporary ethnography also examines the scales of culture and place and how local practices are affected by global influences.
Anth1 Theory Ch03
The document provides an overview of major theoretical perspectives in cultural anthropology, including evolutionism, historical particularism, functionalism, structuralism, symbolic and interpretive anthropology, neoevolutionism, world systems theory, and political economy approaches. It summarizes key ideas, theorists, and works associated with each perspective from the 19th century to present day.
Anth1 Wk1 Pt1
This document provides an introduction to cultural anthropology by outlining its four main subfields and objectives. It discusses how anthropology takes a holistic and comparative approach to studying humanity. The four subfields are cultural anthropology, archaeology, biological anthropology, and linguistic anthropology. Cultural anthropology examines human diversity and societies of the present and recent past through ethnographic fieldwork and ethnological comparison.
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“Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” a Presentation...
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For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
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Anth103 Gender
- 1. Gender Cross-Cultural Perspectives Mr. & Mrs. Karki, Nepal Photo rendering: J. Fortier
- 5. Sex and Gender Gender stratification – unequal distribution of rewards (socially valued resources, power, prestige, and personal freedom) between men and women Maasai family in Tanzania; Barnabas Kindersley (c)
- 8. Worldwide Patterns in the Division of Labor by Gender Data: 1973, Ember & Ember’s study of HRAf database
- 9. Table 9.1: Generalities in the Division of Labor by Gender, Based on Data from 185 Societies
- 10. Table 9.2: Time and Effort Expended on Subsistence Activities by Men and Women
- 11. Table 9.3: Who Does the Domestic Work?
- 12. Table 9.4: Who Has Final Authority over the Care, Handling, and Discipline of Infant Children (Under Four Years Old)?
- 13. Table 9.5: Does the Society Allow Multiple Spouses?
- 14. Table 9.6: Is There a Double Standard with Respect to Premarital Sex?
- 15. Table 9.7: Is There a Double Standard with Respect to Extramarital Sex?
- 25. Nepal Farm Household Work, April 1990 J. Fortier, Beyond Jajmani 1993
- 30. Table 9.9: Cash Employment of American Mothers, Wives, and Husbands, 1960–2005*
- 32. Table 9.11: Median Annual Income of U.S. Households by Household Type, 2005