Cell basic stuctural and functional unit , Prokaryotic cell , Eukaryotic cells , cytoplasm ,Nucleus , Ribosome , lysosomes , Endoplasmic Reticulum , Golgi apparatus , Mitochondria , cytosol , animal cell , plant cell , biology , Important Points , discovery , definition , meaning , Robert Hooke

1. Cell
● Basic structural and
functional unit of all living
organisms.
● Cytology - Branch of
biology which deals with
the study of Cell.

2. Important points
● Anton van Leeuwenhoek first saw and described
a living cell.
● Robert Brown discovered nucleus .
● Robert Hooke- Introduced the term 'Cell’.
● Schleiden and Schwann - Cell Theory
● Rudolf Vichrow - Modified Cell Theory
● Largest known Cell - Unfertilised Ostrich Egg
● Smallest Cell - PPLO ( mycoplasma)
● Largest Human Cell- female ovum
● Longest Cell - Neuron

3. Types of Cell
● Prokaryotic Cell- (pro=primitive , karyos=
nucleus) Cell which do not have a nuclear
membrane and other membrane bound
organelles. Ex- Bacterial Cell
● Eukaryotic cell- (Eu = true; karyos = nucleus)cell
having well organised nuclear envelope and
several membrane bound organelle. Present in
unicellular and multicellular organisms.

4. Cell
Nucleus
Nuclear Membrane
Nucleoplasm
Nucleolus
Chromatin
Cytoplasm :
1.Cytosol
● 2.Organelle -
Mitochondria,Vacuoles
, Endoplasmic
Reticulum, Golgi
complex, lysosomes,
plastids, ribosome
Outer Membrane
Cell-wall (in Plants) and
plasma membrane

5. Nucleus
● Controlling center of cell
● Discovered by Robert
Brown
● Contains the information in
the form of nucleic Acid
within chromosome.

6. Plasma membrane
● Thin, elastic , transparent ,semi permeable and regenerative
membrane.
● Composed of lipid bilayer with Protein molecules and
carbohydrates .
● Lipid molecules formed of cholesterol ,phosphoglycerides .

7. Mitochondria
● Power House of a cell
● Oxidation of food occurs
which results in release
of energy.
● Energy stored in ATP
form

8. Ribosome
● Protein Synthesis
● Tiny granules composed of RNA
● Present in outer surface of Nuclear
envelope,rough Endoplasmic Reticulum.

9. Endoplasmic Reticulum
● Series of
interconnecting
membrane canals
● Two Types - Smooth
Endoplasmic
Reticulum ,Rough
Endoplasmic
Reticulum

10. Golgi apparatus
● First observed by Camillo
Golgi.(1898)
● Consist of flat,disc shaped
sac.
● Stacked parallel to each other
● Convex cis or the forming
face and concave trans or the
maturing face.
● Important site of formation of
glycoprotein and glycolipids.

11. Lysosomes
● Suicidal Bags of the cell .
● Polymorphic
● Having hydrolytic enzyme.These enzyme
fiction at acidic pH .
● Help in carcinogenesis.

12. ● Membrane bound space in cytoplasm
● Bound by tonoplast
● In Plants tonoplast facilitates transport of ions and
other materials.
● In ameoba 'contractile vacuole’ important for
excretion .
● In protist ,food Vacuoles are formed by engulfing
the food particles.

13. Plastids
● Present only in plant cells
● Three types - chloroplast
(green), leucoplast (white)
chromoplast (of various
colours other than green)
● Chloroplast - ‘ kitchen of the
cell’

14. Plant cell and animal cell