The document discusses different types of animal behaviors, categorizing them into innate behaviors, which are pre-programmed and require no learning, and learned behaviors, which require experience and learning. It highlights specific examples such as suckling, migration, hibernation, imprinting, habituation, operant conditioning, and communication, emphasizing their significance to survival and adaptation. Additionally, it explores the adaptive value of learned behaviors over innate behaviors.

1. Animals Exhibit Behavior
• innate behavior - a behavior that is pre-
programmed into an organisms genes, no
learning is required
• learned behavior - a behavior that is not
pre-programmed into an organisms genes,
learning this behavior is required.
However, the ability to learn requires
genes.
• social behavior - a behavior that includes
the interaction between organisms. Can
be learned or innate.

2. Suckling
• Innate Behavior
• an innate
behavior where
mammals
receive milk
from their
mothers

3. Migration
• Innate Behavior.
• an innate
behavior where
organisms move
long distances
seasonally to
find food or
bread
• Immigration /
Emigration

4. Hibernation
• Innate Behavior
• an innate behavior where organisms sleep
through the winter to conserve energy
• This requires
storing food in
the den or
storing energy
as fat.
• Slow metabolism

5. Estivation
• Innate Behavior
• an innate behavior
where organisms
sleep through long
hot dry times to
conserve water and
energy

6. Circadian Rhythms
• Innate Behavior
• an innate
behavior where
organisms
remain fixed to
an internal clock.
• Some animals
are nocturnal.

7. Taxis
• Innate Behavior
• Moving towards something it needs to
survive.
• Phototaxis –
organisms
moving toward
the light.

8. Imprinting
• Learned Behavior or Innate Behavior?
• The first thing a newborn sees will be imprinted
as its “mother”.
• The chicks will follow the “mother” everywhere.
• Scientists can get
chicks to imprint
them as the
“mother”. The
chicks will follow
the scientist around.

9. Habituation
• Learned Behavior.
• The organism stops responding to a stimuli in
the environment.
• The bear will be naturally afraid of humans, but
when it gets food
near humans and
comes into
contact frequently
it is no longer
afraid.

10. Habituation
• Learned Behavior.
• The organism stops responding to a stimuli in
the environment.
• The chick sees a
shadow and dives
into the nest thinking
it is a raptor.
• Over time it learns
to ignore some
shadows because
they are harmless.

11. Operant Conditioning
• Learned Behavior.
• Associate an abnormal behavior with a reward
or consequence.
• Rat rings a bell and gets food when the green
light is lit.
• Rat gets
shocked when
the red light
is lit.

12. Classical Conditioning
• Learned
Behavior
• Pavlov’s
Dog
• Associate
an abnormal
stimulus
with a
normal
behavior.

13. Trial and Error
• Learned Behavior.
• The organism keeps
trying and failing until it
learns to do it right.

14. Courtship
• Social Behaviors
• Behaviors that animals do to impress a
mate.
• Male “Birds of Paradise” have many
feathers and dances to court a mate.

15. Territorial Defense
• Social Behavior.
• Animals will fight to keep other animals out of its
territory.
• This maintains the
food and mate
supply.
Male Siamese
fighting fish will
fight to the death.

16. Communication
• Social Behavior.
• Pheromones – chemical signals that can be
detected and used for communication.
• Ants leave a pheromone trail for other ants to
follow.
• Dancing – bees dance to tell other bees where
the good flowers are.
• Sounds – Animals will use sounds to warn of
danger, cry for a mother, or talk to each other.

17. • How do innate behavior patterns function
as adaptations for animals? Give some
examples in your answers.

18. • How are learned behaviors of greater
adaptive value than innate behaviors?
What is the value of learning?