The document describes a circulatory system lesson plan for 6th grade students. The lesson plan aims to teach students about the major parts of the circulatory system, including the heart, blood, and blood vessels. It includes guide cards, activity cards, and assessment cards to engage students in learning about the circulatory system through different activities like word finds, bingo, simulations, and fitness tests. The lesson plan also provides reference materials for teachers.
lesson for grade 9 science
the topics includes: (a)respiratory system, (b) circulatory system, (c) other organs working together with the respiratory and circulatory system
lesson for grade 9 science
the topics includes: (a)respiratory system, (b) circulatory system, (c) other organs working together with the respiratory and circulatory system
This power point presentation will describe heart and circulatory system. In visual and interactive way. It is great for high schools and getting people engaged.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
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Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowmanâs Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
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NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
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This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
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As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Departmentâs official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
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These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganongâs Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
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Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2â3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4â5 criteria; severe AUD: 6â11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
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Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
2. STRATEGIC
INTERVENTION
MATERIALCIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Learning Area Elementary Science
Level Grade 6, Intermediate
Learning Objectives Identify the major parts of the circulatory system
Expected Outcomes * Describe the function of each part
* Label the parts of the heart
Science ProcessSkills observing, communicating, inferring, identifying,
discussing, evaluating
Keywords heart, chambers, atrium, ventricles, carciovascular
Author Kristine Joan DA. Barredo, Teacher II,
Tunasan Elementary School
Date June, 2011
Project Summary
Guide Card
Activity Card
Assessment Card
Enrichment Card
Reference Card
TRIVIA & Popquiz
3. Put your hands on
your chest.
How do you feel?
Why is your chest
beating faster?
GUIDE CARD
4. The human heart is a specialized, four-
chambered muscle that maintains the
blood flow in the circulatory system. It
lies immediately behind the sternum, or
the breastbone, and between the
lungs. The apex, or bottom of the
heart, is tilted to the left side. At
rest, the heart pumps about 59 cc (2
oz) of blood per beat and 5 l (5 qt) per
minute. During exercise it pumps 120-
220 cc (4-7.3 oz) of blood per beat and
20-30 l (21-32 qt) per minute. The adult
human heart is about the size of a fist
and weighs about 250-350 gm (9 oz).
GUIDE CARD
5. GUIDE CARD
The human heart has four
chambers, two superior atria and
two inferior ventricles. The atria are the
receiving chambers and the ventricles are
the discharging chambers. During
each cardiac cycle, the atria contract
first, forcing blood that has entered them into
their respective ventricles, then the
ventricles contract, forcing blood out of the
heart. The pathway of the blood consists of
a pulmonary circuit and a systemic
circuit[10] which function simultaneously.
Deoxygenated blood from the body flows via
the vena cava into the right atrium, which
pumps it through the tricuspid valve into
the right ventricle, whose subsequent
contraction forces it out through
the pulmonary valve into thepulmonary
arteries leading to the lungs.
Meanwhile, oxygenated blood returns from
the lungs through the pulmonary veins into
the left atrium, which pumps it through
the mitral valve into the left ventricle, whose
subsequent strong contraction forces it out
through the aortic valve to the aorta leading
to the systemic circulation.[
7. Major Parts of
the Circulatory
System
What is it like How it works
1. heart It is a heart-shaped
organ.
It is made-up of
muscles.
The heart pumps
blood.
2. Blood Red fluid inside the
body.
The blood brings
materials to the
different parts of the
body.
3.blood vessels They are tubes where
blood passes.
(They are the tubes
that serve as the
passageway of the
blood.)
GUIDE CARD
8. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM WORD FIND
ACTIVITY CARD #1
In this activity:
You need to find as
many words in the
puzzle.
9. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM BINGO
ACTIVITY CARD #2
In this activity:
You need to make a pattern ,it can
be a line, either
vertical, horizontal or diagonal.
The winner is determined when
the player completed the
winning bingo pattern which
states a brief description of
each word.
10. A Walk Through the Circulatory System
ACTIVITY CARD #2
In this activity:
You need to simulate the flow of blood
inside our body through a relay.
Materials
âą5 inflated red balloons
âą5 inflated blue balloons
âąposter or drawing of the lungs
âąplayground chalk or masking tape
11. Fitness & Recovery Rates
ACTIVITY CARD #2
In this activity:
You will investigate how fast your
recovery rate and compare it with
your classmates
Materials
âąStopwatch
âąWooden stepping block or stairs
about 30cm high
What to do:
1. Ask your partner to count the number of times your heart
beats in 30 seconds. This will be your âresting rateâ. Record
this in your table.
2. Let your partner count the number of times you breathe in
30 seconds. Again, record this date on the table.
3. Do step-ups in 3 minutes Ask your partner to time this
activity.
4. As soon as the 3-minute exercise is over, let your partner
get your pulse rate in 30 seconds. Mentally take note of the
number of breaths you make in the same 30-second
interval.
5. Repeat step 4 every minute until your pulse returns to
normal. Do not forget to record the results each time in
minutes.
Time of pulse rate was
taken
Rate in 30 second-interval
Pulse Breathing
Resting
Right after 3-min
exercise
+ 1-min after exercise
+ 2-min after exercise
+ 3-min after exercise
+ 4-min after exercise
Guide Questions:
âąHow long did it take your breathing to
return to its resting rate?
âąHow long did it take for your pulse to
return to resting rate?
âąCompare your results with your
classmates.
âąWho had the fastest recovery
rate?
âąWho had the slowest recovery
rate?
Who among your classmates do
you think is the âfittestâ? Why do
you say so?
12. Match Column A with Column B. Write the letter of the correct
answer.
Column A Column B
_____ 1. The transport system of the body that
moves the blood throughout the body.
a. Arteries
_____ 1. Blood cells that fight germs that enter the
body.
b. Blood
_____ 1. They are tube-like structures in the body
through which blood flows.
c. Blood vessels
_____ 1. The liquid vehicle that carries oxygen,
nutrients and other substances that
sustain life.
d. Circulatory system
_____ 1. They are blood vessels that carry food
nutrients and fresh oxygenated blood.
e. Heart
f. White blood cells
ASSESSMENT CARD
13. Fill in the blanks.
ASSESSMENT CARD
Major Parts of
the Circulatory
System
What is it like How it works
1. heart It is a heart-shaped
organ.
It is made-up of
muscles.
2. Blood Red fluid inside the
body.
3.blood vessels They are the tubes
that serve as the
passageway of the
blood.
14. Label the parts of the heart. Use the words listed in the word bank.
ASSESSMENT CARD
Word Bank
Aorta
right ventricle
right pulmonary artery
Superior vena cava
left ventricle
right pulmonary vein
Inferior vena cava
tricuspid valve
left pulmonary artery
Right atrium
mitral valve
left pulmonary vein
Left atrium
apex
15. ïą Explain the anatomy of the Circulatory System
using the illustration of the heart below:
ïą Use the diagram of the heart to trace the flow of
blood inside the heart starting from the Vena Cava.
ENRICHMENT
CARD
16. REFERENCE CARD
ïą The circulatory system is a vast network of organs and
vessels that is responsible for the flow of blood, nutrients,
oxygen and other gases, and hormones to and from
cells. Without the circulatory system, the body would not
be able to fight disease or maintain a stable internal
environment â such as proper temperature and pH â
known as homeostasis.
Description of the circulatory system
ïą While many view the circulatory system as simply a
highway for blood â it is also known as the
cardiovascular system â it is made up of three
independent systems that work together: the heart
(cardiovascular), lungs (pulmonary) and arteries, veins,
coronary and portal vessels (systemic).
17. ïą Cruz, Juanita et al (2003) Into the Future:Science and
Health 6, p. 2-5
ïą Carale, Lourdes R. Our Bodyâs Transportation, p. 20
ïą Science Skillbook for Active Learners pp. 11-12
ïą http://www.brown.edu/Courses/BI0020_Miller/week/11/C
hapter_44/Present/Animations/44_A02/44_A02s.html
ïą http://sciencenetlinks.com/interactives/AllSystems.swf
ïą http://www.brown.edu/Courses/BI0020_Miller/week/11/C
hapter_44/Present/Animations/44_A02/44_A02s.html
ïą http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart
REFERENCE CARD