This document summarizes the anatomy and function of the heart. It notes that the heart is located in the chest cavity between the 2nd and 5th ribs and is about the size of a fist. It has four chambers - two upper atria that receive blood and two lower ventricles that pump blood out. The heart pumps blood through two circuits: pulmonary circulation carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs, and systemic circulation carries oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. Key valves like the tricuspid and bicuspid valves control blood flow between the chambers. On average, the heart beats 100,000 times per day, pumping 7,500 liters of blood total to deliver oxygen and nutrients to all cells

1. Heart Anatomy
Prepared by
Midya Sherzad

2. Heart: Size & Location
• Located between 2nd rib & 5th intercostal space
• The heart is about the same size as your fist.
• Apex, It is formed by the left ventricle and is directed
downward, forward and the left
• Base, (posterior surface) It is formed mainly by the left and
right atrium, faces thoracic vertebra.
• Anterior, lies to sternum and ribs, formed mainly by the right
atrium and right ventricle.
• Inferior, rest on diaphragm, formed mainly by the right and
left ventricles

5. continued…
• Blood is cleaned in the kidneys.
• The heart beats on average 70 times per minute; 4,200
beats per hour; 100,000 beats per day; 365 million beats
per year; 30 billion beats in an average life time of 80
years.
• An adult heart pumps 7,500 liters of blood daily.
• It takes about 20 seconds to pump blood to every cell in
your body.

6. Cardiovascular Function
• Cardiovascular = Heart, Arteries, Veins, Blood
• Function:Function:
– Transportation
– Blood = transport vehicle
– Carries oxygen, nutrients, wastes, and hormones
– Movement provided by pumping of heart

7. Cardiac membranes
• Outermost = Pericardium & Epicardium
– Fibrous pericardium
– Serous pericardium(parietal and visceral) is a
membrane anchoring heart to diaphragm and
sternum
– Pericardium secretes lubricant (pericardial fluid)
– Epicardium(visceral layer)
• Middle = Myocardium (Heart muscle)
– Contains contractile muscle fibers
• Innermost, Endocardium = Lines Cardiac
Chambers

10. Cardiac Chambers
• Human heart has 4 chambers
– 2 Atria
• Superior = primary receiving chambers, do not actually
pump
• Blood flows into atria
– 2 Ventricles
• Pump blood
• Contraction = blood sent out of heart + circulated
• Chambers are separated by septum…
• septum separates (the right and left atria) of the heart is termed
the atrial (or interatrial)
• septum separates (the right and left ventricles) called the
ventricular (or interventricular) septum.

12. Deoxygenated
Blood
…To the
lungs
Oxygenated
Blood
…To the rest
of the body

13. Pulmonary Circulation
• Pulmonary = Deoxygenated Blood
• Involves Right Side of Heart
• Pathway:Pathway:
1. Superior / Inferior Vena Cava
2. Right Atrium  Tricuspid Valve
3. Right Ventricle  Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
4. Left Pulmonary Artery
5. Lungs

15. Systemic Circulation
• Systemic = Oxygenated Blood
• Involves Left Side of Heart
• Pathway:Pathway:
1. Left Pulmonary Vein
2. Left Atrium  Bicuspid Valve
3. Left Ventricle  Aortic Semilunar Valve
4. Aorta
5. All Other Tissues

17. Cardiac Valves
[4 main valves]
• When the heart is relaxed…
– The right atrium receives oxygen-poor blood from the body
– pumps it to the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve.
– The left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs
– pumps it to the left ventricle through the mitral valve.
– Semilunar (pulmonary) Valves remain shut
• When the heart contracts…
– Tricuspid / Bicuspid valves shut
– Blood ejected out of ventricle

19. How to protect our heart?
• Try to be active every day for at least 30
minutes; an hour would be even better for your
heart.
• Try to eat a least 5 servings of fruits and
vegetables each day.
• Avoid sugary soft drinks fruits drinks. Don´t
smoke it can be damage the heart and the
blood vessels.

20. Thanks for putting your heart into
learning!