Its a basic introduction to anatomy of human heart

1. HEART

2. Introduction
• The heart is a conical hollow muscular
organ.
• Pumps blood to various parts of the body.
• Assists in removal of metabolic waste.
• Measures 12 X 9 cm and weighs about
300 g in males & 250 g in females.

3. Location of the HEART
Human heart is located in the middle
mediastinum, at the level of thoracic
vertebrae T5-T8.

4. • Behind the body of sternum & the 2nd to
6th coastal cartilage
in the front of the 5th to 8th thoracic
vertebrae.
• A third of it lies to the right of the median
plane & 2/3rd lies to the left.
• Anterior to the vertebral column posterior
to the sternum.

5. Embryogenesis
• The heart is the first functional organ to
develop.
• It starts to beat & pump blood by 3rd week of
gestation.
• It becomes fully functional by 8th week of
gestation.

6. EXTERNAL FEATURES
• Human heart is 4 chambered.
• Has 2 atrium & 2 ventricles.

7. Blood flow in heart

8. • Atria are seprated from ventricles
by atrioventricular groove.
• The atria are seprated from each
other by interatrial groove.
• The ventricle are seprated from
each other by interventricular
groove.

9. Right atrium
• Located above the right ventricle.
• Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium
through three major veins: the Superior and
Inferior vena cava and the coronary sinus.
• Actively pumps blood into the right ventricle.
• Tricuspid valve are present to prevent any
back flow of blood.

10. Right ventricle
• Is a triangular chamber which receives blood
from right atrium & pumps it to the lungs
through the pulmonary trunk & pulmonary
arteries.
• Forms the inferior border of the heart.
• Has two valves – tricuspid valve & pulmonary
valve.

11. Left atrium
• The left atrium is a quadrangular chamber
situated posteriorly.
• Receives oxygenated blood from lungs
through pulmonary veins, & pumps it to the
left ventricle.
• AV valve / bicuspid valve / mitral valve
regulates the flow of blood to ventricle.

12. Left ventricle
• Receives oxygenated blood from the right
atrium and pumps it to whole body through
arch of aorta.
• Forms the apex of the heart.
• Has 3x thickness than left atrium.
• Aortic valve is present to maintain blood from
in aorta.

13. Valves of heart

14. What are heart valves?
• The heart consists of four chambers, two atria
(upper chambers) and two ventricles (lower
chambers). There is a valve through which
blood passes before leaving each chamber of
the heart. The valves prevent the backward
flow of blood. These valves are actual flaps
that are located on each end of the two
ventricles .They act as one-way inlets of blood
on one side of a ventricle and one-way outlets
of blood on the other side of a ventricle.

15. The four heart valves include the following:
1.Tricuspid valve: located between the right
atrium and the right ventricle.
2.Pulmonary valve: located between the
right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.
3.Mitral valve: located between the left
atrium and the left ventricle.
4.Aortic valve: located between the left
ventricle and the aorta.

16. Conducting system of heart
• The cardiac conduction system is a group of
specialized cardiac muscle cells in the walls of
the heart that send signals to the heart muscle
causing it to contract. The main components of
the cardiac conduction system are the SA node,
AV node, bundle of His, bundle branches, and
Purkinje fibers.

18. Blood supply of the heart
• The heart receives its own supply of blood
from the coronary arteries. Two major
coronary arteries branch off from the aorta
near the point where the aorta and the left
ventricle meet. These arteries and their
branches supply all parts of the heart muscle
with blood.

19. Left Coronary Artery
• The left main coronary artery branches into:
1- Circumflex artery
2- Left Anterior Descending artery (LAD)
• The left coronary arteries supply:
- Circumflex artery - supplies blood to the left
atrium, side and back of the left ventricle.
- Left Anterior Descending artery (LAD) - supplies
the front and bottom of the left ventricle and the
front of the septum.

20. Right Coronary Artery (RCA)
• The right coronary artery branches into:
1- Right marginal artery
2- Posterior descending artery
• The right coronary artery supplies:
- right atrium
- right ventricle
- bottom portion of both ventricles and back of
the septum

22. Venous drainage of heart
• Deoxygenated blood from the heart is drained
by the coronary sinus.
• The coronary sinus is a collection
of veins joined together to form a large vessel
that collects blood from the heart muscle.
• This blood is drained into right atrium with
SVC & IVC.

23. Nerve supply of heart
• The heart receives blood supply from the
vagus nerve & from nerve arising from the
sympathetic trunk.
• These nerves only influence the heart rate and
does not control the heart rate.
• Parasmypathetic nerves decreases the heart
rate.
• Sympathetic nerves increases heart rate &
force of contraction.

24. Clinical anatomy
• Blood pressure
• Coronary artery disease
• MI
• Pulmonary edema
• Cardiacmyopathy
• Cardiac arrhythmias