The document provides an overview of the female reproductive system, including both external and internal structures. It describes the vulva, which includes the labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, urethral opening, and vaginal opening. Internally, it outlines the vagina, cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. It provides details on the location, structure, and function of each part of the female reproductive system.

1. Topic :
REVIEW OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Stream Name:
Nursing Department
Course /Programme Name:
Bsc Nursing 3rd year
Name of content Teacher:
Ms. Liangkiuwiliu
Name of Dean:
Prof. Mala Goswami
Email address of Dean:
Dean_nursing@iimtindia.net
Name of Registrar:
Mr. Ashok Kumar
Email address of Registrar:
registrariimtuniversity@iimtindia.net

2. • The reproductive
tract in women is
contained mainly
in the pelvic cavity
and perineum.
• It is divided to:
– External genitalia
– Internal genitalia

3.  Vulva is the term given to the female external
genitalia.
 The vulva includes:
– Mons pubis
– Labia majora
– Labia minora
– Clitoris
– Urethral
opening
– Vaginal
opening
– Perineum

4. • The triangular mound of fatty tissue that
covers the pubic bone
• It protects the pubic symphysis.
• During adolescence sex hormones trigger the
growth of pubic hair on the mons pubis.
• Hair varies in coarseness curliness, amount,
color and thickness.
5

5. • The outer lip-like structure
• They have a darker pigmentation
• The Labia Majora:
– Protect the introitus and urethral openings
– Are covered with hair and sebaceous glands
– Become flaccid with age and after childbirth
6

6. • Referred to asthe “innerlips”
• Made up of erectile, connective tissue that
darkens and swells during sexual arousal.
• Located inside the labia majora.
• They are more sensitive and responsive to
touch than the labia majora.
• The labia minora tightens during intercourse.
7

7. The small penis-like structure.
Highly sensitive organ composed of nerves,
blood vessels, and erectile tissue
Located under the prepuce
It is made up of a shaft and a glans.
Becomes engorged with blood during
sexual stimulation.
Key to sexual pleasure for most women.
Urethral opening is located directly below
clitoris
8

8. • A mucous membrane
normally covers the opening
into the vagina, called the
hymen.
• Using the presence of an
intact hymen for determining
virginity is erroneous.
• Some women are born
without hymens.
• Posterior to the vaginal
opening are the two
Bartholin’s glands.
9

9. The muscle and tissue located between the
vaginal opening and anal canal.
It supports and surrounds the lower parts of
the urinary and digestive tracts.
The perinium contains an abundance of
nerve endings that make it sensitive to
touch.
10

10. The internal
genitalia
consists of the:
• Vagina
• Cervix
• Uterus
• Fallopian Tubes
• Ovaries

11. 13

13.  It is a distensible fibromuscular
tube that extends from the
perineum through the pelvic floor
and into the pelvic cavity
 It measures approximately 8–
12 cm in length.
 It extends from the vestibule to
the uterus, and is situated
behind the bladder and in front
of the rectum.
 It is directed upward and
backward.
 Its axis forming with that of
the uterus an angle of over
90°, opening forward.
15

14. The anterior wall of
the vagina is related
to the base of the
bladder and to the
urethra; in fact, the
urethra is embedded
in, or fused to, the
anterior vaginal wall.
Posteriorly, the vagina
is related principally
to the rectum.

15.  The vaginal fornix is the
recess formed between
the margin of the cervix
and the vaginal wall.
 Based on position, the
fornix is subdivided into a
posterior fornix, an
anterior fornix, and two
lateral fornices.
17

16. Blood Supply
• The blood supply to the
vagina is from the vaginal
artery (branch of the
internal iliac artery) and
the vaginal branch of the
uterine artery.
Lymphatic drainage
• Lymph from the upper
vagina drains into the
internal and external
iliac nodes.
• Lymph from the lower
vagina drains to the
superficial inguinal
nodes
18

17.  The uterus is a thick-walled
muscular organ in the midline
between the bladder and rectum.
 It is a hollow pyriform gauva
shaped muscular organ.
 It consists of a body and a
cervix.
the main function of uterus is to
accept a fertilized ovum which
becomes implanted into the
endometrium,
Derives nourishment from blood
vessels which exclusively for this
purpose.
19

18.  Uterus has the following parts,
divided by ring contriction at its
level of internal os of cervix.
 1. The body or corpus
 2. cervix
 The body or corpus is a broader
upper 5cm portion of the uterus.
 Dome shaped part of uterus lying
above the attachment of fallopian
tubes is called a fundus.
 The regions of the body where the
uterine tubes enter are called the
cornua.
 Isthmus is the lower 0.5cm part of
corpus lying above the internal os.
 Lengh 7.5cm, wide 5cm, thickness
is 2.5cm

19.  The uterus has three
layers-
 Perimetrium
 Myometrium
 Endometrium
 The body of the uterus
normally arches forward
(anteflexed on the cervix)
over the superior surface
of the emptied bladder

20. Cervix
 The cervix protrudes into
the vagina.
 The cervix (2.5cm) forms
the inferior part of the
uterus.
 The internal os is narrow
opening between isthmus
and cervix, while the
external os is a small
opening at the lower end
of the cervix.

21. Anteriorly
• The uterus and cervix are
related to the uterovesical
pouch and superior surface
of the bladder.
Posteriorly
• The uterus is related to the
recto-uterine pouch (of
douglas), which extends
down as far as the posterior
fornix of the vagina.
Laterally: the broad ligament

22.  Lymph drainage
• Lymphatics from the fundus accompany the
ovarian artery and drain into the para-
aortic nodes.
• Lymphatics from the body and cervix
drain to the internal and external iliac
lymph nodes.

24. The uterine tubes (or
fallopian tubes, oviducts,
salpinx) are muscular ‘J-
shaped’ tubes, found in the
female reproductive tract.
They lie in the upper
border of the broad
ligament, extending
laterally from the uterus,
opening into the abdominal
cavity, near the ovaries.

25. Functions
The main function of the uterine tubes is to assist in
the transfer and transport of the ovum from the ovary,
to the uterus.
The ultra-structure of the uterine tubes facilitates the
movement of the female gamete:
The inner mucosa is lined with ciliated columnar
epithelial cells and peg cells (non-ciliated secretory
cells). They waft the ovum towards the uterus and
supply it with nutrients.
Smooth muscle layer contracts to assist with
transportation of the ova and sperm. Muscle is
sensitive to sex steroids, and thus peristalsis is
greatest when oestrogen levels are high.

26. The fallopian tube is described
as having four parts (lateral to
medial);
Fimbriae – finger-like, ciliated
projections which capture the ovum
from the surface of the ovary.
Infundibulum – funnel-shaped
opening near the ovary to which
fimbriae are attached.
Ampulla – widest section of the
uterine tubes. Fertilization usually
occurs here.
Isthmus – narrow section of the
uterine tubes connecting the ampulla
to the uterine cavity.

27. Vascular Supply and
Lymphatics
The arterial supply to the
uterine tubes is via
the uterine and ovarian
arteries.
Venous drainage is via
the uterine and ovarian
veins.
Lymphatic drainage is via
the iliac, sacral and aortic
lymph nodes.

28.  The ovaries are the sites
of egg production
(oogenesis).
 Like the testes in men.
 The ovaries lie adjacent
to the lateral pelvic wall
just inferior to the
pelvic inlet.
 Each of the two
almond- shaped
ovaries is about 3 cm
long and is suspended
by a mesentery (the
mesovarium) from the
posterior aspect of the
broad ligament.

29.  Blood supply
• The ovarian artery (a
branch of the
abdominal aorta)
 Venous drainage
• To the inferior vena
cava on the right and
to the left renal vein
on the left.
Lymphatic drainage
• To the para-aortic
nodes