The stomach is J-shaped and located in the upper abdomen. It has two openings, the cardiac and pyloric orifices, as well as two curvatures, the greater and lesser curvatures. The stomach is divided into four regions: the fundus, body, pyloric antrum, and pylorus. It receives blood supply from branches of the celiac artery and drains into the portal vein. The stomach is innervated by both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
It includes structure of stomach, stomach bed, function and internal structure.
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The stomach is an important organ and the most dilated portion of the digestive system. The esophagus precedes it, and the small intestine follows. It is a large, muscular, and hollow organ allowing for a capacity to hold food. It is comprised of 4 main regions, the cardia, fundus, body, and pylorus.
anatomy of large intestine, its section, ceacum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, functions of large intestine , relations of each components of large intestine, carddinal siggns of large intestine, iliocecal junstion, difference between large and small intestine. abdominal angina, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric artery, lymphatic drainage, colonoscophy,
It includes structure of stomach, stomach bed, function and internal structure.
Give your like & share with other nursing students.
The stomach is an important organ and the most dilated portion of the digestive system. The esophagus precedes it, and the small intestine follows. It is a large, muscular, and hollow organ allowing for a capacity to hold food. It is comprised of 4 main regions, the cardia, fundus, body, and pylorus.
anatomy of large intestine, its section, ceacum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, functions of large intestine , relations of each components of large intestine, carddinal siggns of large intestine, iliocecal junstion, difference between large and small intestine. abdominal angina, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric artery, lymphatic drainage, colonoscophy,
This is not a substitute for Books. Let it just help you understand some concepts in liver anatomy.
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Anatomy of urinary bladder. surfaces, border of urinary bladder its relation , ligament support, peritoneal relation in male and females, pouches, blood supply of bladder, nerve supply of bladder, true and false ligament of urinary bladder,
This is not a substitute for Books. Let it just help you understand some concepts in liver anatomy.
Continuation of this work will depend on your feedback. Stay Blessed.
Anatomy of urinary bladder. surfaces, border of urinary bladder its relation , ligament support, peritoneal relation in male and females, pouches, blood supply of bladder, nerve supply of bladder, true and false ligament of urinary bladder,
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Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
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The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
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2. Stomach
• The stomach is the dilated
portion of the alimentary canal
• It is situated in the upper part of
the abdomen, extending from
beneath the left costal margin
region into the epigastric and
umbilical regions.
• Much of the stomach lies under
cover of the lower ribs.
• The stomach relatively fixed at
both ends but is very mobile in
between.
3. Anatomical description of the stomach
• Shape: Roughly J-shaped
• The stomach has:
• two openings, the cardiac and
pyloric orifices;
• two curvatures, the greater and
lesser curvatures;
• two surfaces, anterior and
posterior surfaces.
• Also the stomach is divided into:
• Fundus
• Body
• Pyloric antrum
• Pylorus; pyloric sphincter and canal
4. Parts of the stomach
• The stomach is divided into the following parts:
1. Fundus: This is dome-shaped and projects upward
and to the left of the cardiac orifice. It is usually full of
gas.
2. Body: This extends from the level of the cardiac
orifice to the level of the incisura angularis, a constant
notch in the lower part of the lesser curvature.
3. Pyloric antrum: Extends from the incisura angularis
to the pylorus.
4. Pylorus: Most tubular part of the stomach. The thick
muscular wall is called the pyloric sphincter, and the
cavity of the pylorus is the pyloric canal.
5.
6. Curvatures of the stomach
• Lesser curvature: Forms the right border of the
stomach and extends from the cardiac orifice to the
pylorus.
• It is suspended from the liver by the lesser omentum.
• Greater curvature: Much longer than the lesser
curvature and extends from the left of the cardiac
orifice, over the dome of the fundus, and along the
left border of the stomach to the pylorus.
• The gastrosplenic omentum (ligament) extends from
the upper part of the greater curvature to the spleen,
• The greater omentum extends from the lower part of
the greater curvature to the transverse colon .
• Peritoneum completely surrounds the stomach
7.
8.
9. Openings of the stomach
• The cardiac orifice: Where
the esophagus enters the
stomach.
• The pyloric orifice: Formed
by the pyloric canal, which is
about 1 in. (2.5 cm) long. The
circular muscle coat of the
stomach is much thicker here
and forms the anatomic and
physiologic pyloric sphincter.
10. Wall of the stomach
• Serosa: consisting of layers of
connective tissue continuous
with the peritoneum.
• Muscular wall of the stomach
contains longitudinal fibers,
circular fibers, and oblique
fibers.
• Mucous membrane: Thrown
into numerous folds, or rugae,
that are mainly longitudinal in
direction. The folds flatten
out when the stomach is
distended.
11. Relations of the stomach
• Anterior relations
• Anterior abdominal wall
• Left costal margin
• Left pleura and lung
• Diaphragm, and the
• Left lobe of the liver.
• Posterior relations
• Lesser sac
• Diaphragm
• Spleen
• Left suprarenal gland
• Upper part of the left kidney
• Splenic artery
• Pancreas
• Transverse colon
• Transverse mesocolon
12.
13.
14. BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE STOMACH
• Arteries of the stomach: All are branches of the celiac artery
• 1. Left gastric artery: arises from the celiac artery. It supplies
the lower third of the esophagus and the upper right part of
the stomach.
• 2. Right gastric artery: arises from the hepatic artery at the
upper border of the pylorus and supplies the lower right part
of the stomach.
• 3. Short gastric arteries: arise from the splenic artery and
supply fundus of the stomach
• 4. Left gastroepiploic artery: arises from splenic artery and
supply the greater curvature.
• 5. Right gastroepiploic artery: arises from the
gastroduodenal branch of the hepatic artery, and supplies
the stomach along the lower part of the greater curvature.
15.
16.
17. Veins of the stomach
• The veins drain into the
portal circulation.
• The left and right gastric
veins drain directly into the
portal vein.
• The short gastric veins and
the left gastroepiploic
veins join the splenic vein.
• The right gastroepiploic
vein joins the superior
mesenteric vein.
18. Lymphatic drainage of the stomach
• The lymph vessels follow the arteries into the
left and right gastric nodes, the left and right
gastroepiploic nodes, and the short gastric
nodes.
• All lymph from the stomach eventually passes to
the celiac nodes located around the root of the
celiac artery on the posterior abdominal wall.
19.
20. Nerve Supply of the stomach
• The nerve supply includes sympathetic fibers derived
from the celiac plexus and parasympathetic fibers
from the right vagus (posterior vagal trunk) and left
vagus ( anterior vagal trunk) nerves.
• The sympathetic innervation of the stomach is
inhibitory to the muscular wall of the stomach, and
carries a proportion of pain-transmitting nerve fibers,
whereas the parasympathetic vagal fibers are
secretomotor to the gastric glands and motor to the
muscular wall of the stomach.
• The pyloric sphincter receives motor fibers from the
sympathetic system and inhibitory fibers from the
vagi.
Editor's Notes
Lymph Drainage
The lymph vessels (Fig. 5.23) follow the arteries into the left and right gastric nodes, the left and right gastroepiploic nodes, and the short gastric nodes.
All lymph from the stomach eventually passes to the celiac nodes located around the root of the celiac artery on the posterior abdominal wall.
Fig 5.23