The stomach is a J-shaped muscular sac located in the upper abdomen between the esophagus and small intestine. It is divided into four regions - the cardia, fundus, body, and pyloric part. The stomach has two openings: the gastroesophageal opening connects to the esophagus, and the pyloric opening connects to the duodenum. Blood supply comes from the left and right gastric arteries as well as branches from the splenic and hepatic arteries. Lymphatic drainage and innervation is provided mainly by the left and right vagus nerves.

1. STOMACH ANATOMY

2. The stomach
• The stomach is a dilated
part of the alimentary
canal between the
esophagus and the
small intestine.
• It is a muscular sac.
• It is a J-shaped.

3. The stomach
• It occupies the left upper
quadrant, epigastric, and
umbilical regions, and
much of it lies under
cover of the ribs.
• Stomach located at level
of T10 and L3 vertebral.
• Position of the stomach
varies with body
habitués.

4. The stomach
The stomach is divided into four
regions:
1. The cardia, which surrounds the
opening of the esophagus into
the stomach.
2. The fundus of stomach, which is
the area above the level of the
cardial orifice.
3. The body of stomach, which is
the largest region of the
stomach.
4. The pyloric part, which is
divided into the pyloric antrum
and pyloric canal and is the
distal end of the stomach.

5. The Stomach

6. The stomach
• Surfaces
• Antero-superior Surface
• Postero-inferior Surface

7. The stomach
• Openings:
– Gastroesophageal:
To esophagus
– Pyloric: To
duodenum

8. The stomach
Sphincters
 The cardiac sphincter
(lower esophagus
sphincter) closes off the
top end of the stomach.
 The pyloric sphincter
closes off the bottom.

9. The stomach
Other features of the
stomach include:
• The greater curvature,
which is a point of
attachment for the
gastrosplenic ligament
and the greater omentum
• The lesser curvature,
which is a point of
attachment for the lesser
omentum.

10. The stomach
• the cardial notch, which
is the superior angle
created when the
esophagus enters the
stomach.
• the angular notch,
which is a bend on the
lesser curvature.

11. The stomach
• Lesser omentum
• Greater omentum
 Layers of peritoneum
attached to the
stomach:
 Lesser omentum:
attaches the liver to
the lesser curvature.
 Greater omentum:
attaches the greater
curvature to the
posterior body wall.

12. The stomach

13. Stomach Anatomical Relation
Antero-superior Surface
• The left half of this surface
is in contact with the
diaphragm.
• The right half is in relation
with the left lobe of the
liver and with the anterior
abdominal wall.
• The Postero-inferior
Surface is in relation with
the diaphragm, the spleen,
left kidney, the anterior
surface of the pancreas.

14. Stomach Anatomical Relation

15. Stomach Blood Supply
Arterial blood supply:
– 3 Branches
• Left Gastric Artery
– Supplies the cardia of the stomach and distal esophagus
• Splenic Artery
– Gives rise to 2 branches which help supply the greater
curvature of the stomach
» Left Gastroepiploic
» Short Gastric Arteries
• Common Hepatic Artery
– 2 major branches
» Right Gastric- supples a portion of the lesser curvature
» Gastroduodenal artery
-Gives rise to Right Gastroepiploic artery
-helps supply greater curvature in conjunction
with Left Gastroepiploic Artery

16. Stomach Blood Supply

17. Stomach Venous Drainage
• Venous Drainage
• Parallels arterial supply
• Rt &Lt gastric veins drain to the portal
• Rt gastroepiploic drains to the Superior mesentric
vein.
• Lt gastroepiploic drains to the splenic.

18. Stomach Venous Drainage

19. Stomach Lymphatic Drainage

20. Stomach Innervations
The main innervations are
Left and Right Vagus
Nerves.

21. Stomach Innervations
• Parasympathetic
innervation of Stomach-
Vagus Nerve
– 90% of fiber in vagal trunk
is afferent (info
transmitting from stomach
to CNS)
• Sympathetic innervation
of Stomach- Splanchnic
Nerve
– Derived from spinal
segement T5-T10

22. Stomach Innervations