This document provides an anatomy of the eyeball in 23 paragraphs. It summarizes the three coats of the eyeball - fibrous, vascular pigmented, and nervous coats - and describes the structures within each coat like the sclera, cornea, choroid, iris, retina, etc. It also discusses the muscles of the eyeball and eyelids, including both external and internal muscles. Finally, it covers the cranial nerve involvement and lesions that can occur in different parts of the visual pathway.
The document provides an overview of the anatomy of the eyelid. It describes the eyelid's gross anatomy including its extent, folds, margins, lashes and palpebral aperture. It details the layers that make up the eyelid including skin, muscles such as the orbicularis oculi and levator palpebrae superioris, and glands like the meibomian and moll glands. The arterial blood supply and lymphatic and nerve drainage of the eyelid are also summarized.
Anatomy of Eyelids & Its Clinical CorrelationsSarmila Acharya
This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the eyelids. It discusses the layers of the eyelids from front to back including skin, muscles like the orbicularis oculi and levator palpebrae superioris, the fibrous tarsal plates, and conjunctiva. It also covers the nerve and blood supply, functions of eyelid structures like blinking and tear distribution, and some clinical correlations like entropion and dermatochalasis.
Anatomy and Physiology of Lacrimal system SristiThakur
The document provides information on the anatomy and physiology of the lacrimal system and lacrimal drainage pathway. It describes the development, structure, blood supply, innervation and functions of the lacrimal glands, lacrimal puncta, canaliculi, lacrimal sac, and nasolacrimal duct. It also discusses the physiology of tear drainage via the Rosengren-Doane pump mechanism and clinical tests like the Jones dye test, fluorescein dye disappearance test, and lacrimal syringing test that are used to evaluate the lacrimal drainage pathway.
Slide Presentation for Anatomy of Eyeball. This slide is taken from Medicos Pdf app available in playstore. This app contains many more slides related to clinical science, basi science, nursing, dental and many more. You can download if you want many more slides.
This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the eyeball and its components. It discusses the three coats that make up the eyeball - the outer sclera and cornea, middle choroid, and inner retina. It describes individual structures like the iris, ciliary body, lens, vitreous body, as well as conditions like glaucoma, cataracts, retinal detachment, and more. The document is a lecture on ophthalmic anatomy from Professor Moira O'Brien of Trinity College Dublin.
The document summarizes the structure of the human eye. It describes the three main layers - outer fibrous (sclera and cornea), middle vascular (iris, ciliary body, choroid), and inner nervous (retina). It also details the interior structures like the aqueous humour, lens, and vitreous body. Additionally, it outlines the accessory structures including eyebrows, eyelids, lacrimal apparatus, and extraocular muscles. Blood and nerve supply to the eye are also summarized.
The document provides an overview of the anatomy of the eye. It describes the three layers that make up the eyeball - fibrous tunic, vascular tunic, and retina. Key structures like the cornea, iris, lens, vitreous body, and retina are explained. The process of image formation through refraction of light by the cornea and lens, accommodation of the lens for near and far vision, and pupil constriction are summarized. Common refractive errors like myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism are also outlined.
The document provides an overview of the anatomy of the eyelid. It describes the eyelid's gross anatomy including its extent, folds, margins, lashes and palpebral aperture. It details the layers that make up the eyelid including skin, muscles such as the orbicularis oculi and levator palpebrae superioris, and glands like the meibomian and moll glands. The arterial blood supply and lymphatic and nerve drainage of the eyelid are also summarized.
Anatomy of Eyelids & Its Clinical CorrelationsSarmila Acharya
This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the eyelids. It discusses the layers of the eyelids from front to back including skin, muscles like the orbicularis oculi and levator palpebrae superioris, the fibrous tarsal plates, and conjunctiva. It also covers the nerve and blood supply, functions of eyelid structures like blinking and tear distribution, and some clinical correlations like entropion and dermatochalasis.
Anatomy and Physiology of Lacrimal system SristiThakur
The document provides information on the anatomy and physiology of the lacrimal system and lacrimal drainage pathway. It describes the development, structure, blood supply, innervation and functions of the lacrimal glands, lacrimal puncta, canaliculi, lacrimal sac, and nasolacrimal duct. It also discusses the physiology of tear drainage via the Rosengren-Doane pump mechanism and clinical tests like the Jones dye test, fluorescein dye disappearance test, and lacrimal syringing test that are used to evaluate the lacrimal drainage pathway.
Slide Presentation for Anatomy of Eyeball. This slide is taken from Medicos Pdf app available in playstore. This app contains many more slides related to clinical science, basi science, nursing, dental and many more. You can download if you want many more slides.
This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the eyeball and its components. It discusses the three coats that make up the eyeball - the outer sclera and cornea, middle choroid, and inner retina. It describes individual structures like the iris, ciliary body, lens, vitreous body, as well as conditions like glaucoma, cataracts, retinal detachment, and more. The document is a lecture on ophthalmic anatomy from Professor Moira O'Brien of Trinity College Dublin.
The document summarizes the structure of the human eye. It describes the three main layers - outer fibrous (sclera and cornea), middle vascular (iris, ciliary body, choroid), and inner nervous (retina). It also details the interior structures like the aqueous humour, lens, and vitreous body. Additionally, it outlines the accessory structures including eyebrows, eyelids, lacrimal apparatus, and extraocular muscles. Blood and nerve supply to the eye are also summarized.
The document provides an overview of the anatomy of the eye. It describes the three layers that make up the eyeball - fibrous tunic, vascular tunic, and retina. Key structures like the cornea, iris, lens, vitreous body, and retina are explained. The process of image formation through refraction of light by the cornea and lens, accommodation of the lens for near and far vision, and pupil constriction are summarized. Common refractive errors like myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism are also outlined.
This document provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the lacrimal system. It describes the secretory apparatus including the lacrimal gland and accessory glands. It then describes the excretory apparatus including the puncta, canaliculi, lacrimal sac, and nasolacrimal duct. It discusses the development of both the secretory and excretory systems. It provides details on the main lacrimal gland, lacrimal ducts, accessory lacrimal glands, lacrimal puncta, and canaliculi. It discusses the arterial supply, venous and lymphatic drainage, and nerve supply to the lacrimal gland. It covers the structure, functions, and applied
Anatomy of optic nerve and its clinical significancePabita Dhungel
This document discusses the anatomy and clinical significance of the optic nerve. It begins with a brief overview of the embryology and development of the optic nerve, from the formation of the optic vesicle and stalk in the early weeks of gestation through myelination and vascularization later in development. Next, it describes the anatomy of the optic nerve in detail at each stage from the intraocular portion to the visual cortex, including structures like the optic disc, chiasm, tract, lateral geniculate body, and optic radiation. The document concludes with a discussion of the clinical significance of understanding optic nerve anatomy, highlighting conditions like disc edema, congenital anomalies, vascular diseases, and how lesions at different points can cause different visual field defects.
The document summarizes the anatomy of the eye. It describes the layers of the eyeball including the fibrous coat with the cornea and sclera, the vascular coat with the iris, ciliary body and choroid, and the nervous coat of the retina. It also discusses the lens and segments of the eyeball. Additionally, it outlines the ocular adnexa including the bony orbit, eyelids, conjunctiva, lacrimal apparatus, extraocular muscles and accessory organs of the eye.
The eyelids are composed of several layers including skin, muscle, orbital septum, fat and conjunctiva. The upper eyelid is raised by the levator palpebrae superioris muscle and Muller's muscle. The lower eyelid is retracted by the capsulopalpebral fascia. Several glands including the meibomian glands and glands of Zeis and Moll are located within the eyelids and help form the tear film. The orbicularis oculi muscle allows for eyelid closure and blinking. Together, the eyelid structures protect the eye and help spread tears across the surface of the eye.
The document describes the anatomy and blood supply of the visual pathway, which extends from the retina to the visual cortex. It discusses the key structures including the optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tracts, lateral geniculate body, optic radiations, and visual cortex. Lesions in different parts of the visual pathway can cause various visual field defects, such as complete blindness from optic nerve lesions, quadrantic hemianopia from chiasmal lesions, and bitemporal hemianopia from central chiasmal lesions. The blood supply is also outlined for each structure, originating from branches of the internal carotid and vertebral arteries.
The document summarizes the anatomy and physiology of the eyelids. It describes the main parts of the eyelids including the palpebral aperture, lid margin, tarsal plate, conjunctiva and glands. It discusses the layers of the eyelids from anterior to posterior including the skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscle and conjunctiva layers. It also summarizes the blood supply, nerves and functions of the eyelids.
The document summarizes the anatomy of the orbit. It describes the orbit as a pyramidal cavity formed by seven bones, including the frontal, zygomatic, maxillary, palatine, lacrimal, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones. The orbital contents include the eyeball, extraocular muscles, nerves, vessels, fat, and most of the lacrimal apparatus. There are several openings in the orbital walls that allow passage of nerves and vessels, including the superior and inferior orbital fissures and optic canal. The orbital fascia lines the orbital cavity.
The document discusses the extraocular muscles of the eye. It describes the six extraocular muscles - the four rectus muscles (medial, lateral, superior, inferior) and two oblique muscles (superior, inferior) that control eye movement. It details the origin, insertion, nerve supply and action of each individual muscle. Collectively, these muscles enable movements like elevation, depression, adduction, abduction, intorsion and extorsion of the eyeball. The levator palpebrae superioris muscle is also described, which is responsible for elevating the upper eyelid. Various clinical tests and conditions involving these muscles like strabismus, ptosis and nerve palsies are mentioned.
The lacrimal apparatus is responsible for producing and draining tears. It consists of the lacrimal gland, conjunctival sac, lacrimal puncta, canaliculi, lacrimal sac, and nasolacrimal duct. The lacrimal gland produces tears which flush the conjunctival sac and nourish the cornea. Tears drain through the puncta and canaliculi into the lacrimal sac, then through the nasolacrimal duct into the nose. Obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct can cause inflammation of the lacrimal sac due to mucus and tear retention.
The lacrimal apparatus consists of the lacrimal gland, lacrimal drainage system, and associated structures that produce and drain tears from the eye.
The lacrimal gland develops from surface ectoderm and is located above and lateral to the eye. Tears produced by the gland drain through puncta and canaliculi into the lacrimal sac, then through the nasolacrimal duct into the nose.
The lacrimal sac is lodged in the lacrimal fossa of the medial orbital wall. It connects to the nasolacrimal duct, which courses posteriorly and laterally through bone to drain into the nasal cavity. Coordinated blinking and pressure differences aid
This document provides an overview of the anatomy and microscopic structure of the retina. Key points include:
- The retina is a thin, delicate membrane lining the back of the eyeball. It contains photoreceptor cells (rods and cones) and neuronal layers.
- Gross anatomical regions include the optic disc, macula lutea, and peripheral retina. The macula contains the fovea centralis, which provides high-acuity central vision.
- Microscopically, the retina contains layers including the retinal pigment epithelium, photoreceptor outer and inner segments, plexiform layers, and ganglion cell layer.
- Rod and cone photoreceptors contain light-
The lacrimal apparatus consists of the main lacrimal gland, accessory lacrimal glands, and lacrimal passages including the puncta, canaliculi, lacrimal sac, and nasolacrimal duct. The main lacrimal gland has orbital and palpebral parts that secrete tears via ducts opening into the superior fornix. Accessory glands include Krause's and Wolfring's glands. Tears drain from the puncta through the canaliculi and lacrimal sac into the nasolacrimal duct, lubricating the eye and washing away debris. Disorders can include dry eye, hyperlacrimation, epiphora, and dacryocyst
anatomy and physiology of lacrimal apparatus pptRohit Rao
This document summarizes key aspects of the lacrimal system including its embryology, anatomy, physiology and role in tear formation and drainage. It discusses the lacrimal gland, canaliculi, lacrimal sac, nasolacrimal duct and meibomian glands. It also describes the layers of the tear film - glycocalyx, mucous, aqueous and lipid layers - and their functions in lubricating and protecting the eye. The document is a comprehensive overview of the lacrimal system and tear film.
The document describes the anatomy and physiology of the lacrimal apparatus. It discusses the following key points:
- The lacrimal apparatus includes the lacrimal gland and associated drainage system for tear production and transport.
- The main structures are the lacrimal gland, puncta, canaliculi, lacrimal sac, and nasolacrimal duct. Tears drain from the puncta through these structures and into the nose.
- The lacrimal gland secretes tears in response to sensory nerve stimulation. Contraction of surrounding muscles aids in drainage and prevents backflow through the puncta.
- Obstruction at any point can cause excess tearing (epiphora) by
1. The eye receives its blood supply from branches of the ophthalmic artery, which branches directly from the internal carotid artery.
2. The central retinal artery supplies the retina, while the ciliary arteries supply the choroid, iris, and ciliary body.
3. Veins drain blood from the eye and empty into the superior and inferior ophthalmic veins, which drain into the cavernous sinus. The cavernous sinus contains several cranial nerves.
The limbus is a transition zone between the cornea and conjunctiva that contains important anatomical features. It is 1-2 mm wide and contains the palisades of Vogt, which are epithelial extensions that arise from the conjunctiva. The limbal epithelium differs from the cornea in that it contains melanocytes but lacks goblet cells. It differs from the conjunctiva in lacking goblet cells but containing melanocytes. The limbus serves important functions of nourishing the cornea and draining aqueous humor. It receives vasculature from the anterior ciliary arteries and innervation from the long ciliary nerves.
1. Introduction Gross anatomy Layers Blood supply, drainage and nerve supply
2. INTRODUCTION • Sclera forms posterior 5/6th of external tunic , connective tissue coat of eyeball. • it continues with duramater and cornea • Its whole surface covered by tenon’s capsule • Anteriorly covered by- bulbar conjunctiva • Inner surface lies in contact with choroid • With a potential suprachoroidal space in between
3. Equa THICKNESS OF SCLERA
4. • Thickness varies with individual, with age • Thinner- children, elder, F> M • Thickest posteriorly • Gradually becomes thinner when traced anteriorly • Thin at insertion of extraocular muscle
The orbit is a four-sided pyramidal socket in the skull in which the eye and its appendages are situated. "Orbit" can refer to the bony socket, or it can also be used to imply the contents.
The orbital contents comprise the eye, the orbital and retrobulbar fascia, extraocular muscles, cranial nerves II, III, IV, V, and VI, blood vessels, fat, the lacrimal gland with its sac and nasolacrimal duct, the eyelids, medial and lateral palpebral ligaments, check ligaments, the suspensory ligament, septum, ciliary ganglion and short ciliary nerves.
The anatomy and physiology of the outer and inner eye can be summarized as follows:
1. The eyelids protect the eyeball and distribute tears across the cornea via contraction of the orbicularis muscle and opening/closing of the levator muscle.
2. The cornea refracts and transmits light, with an epithelium, stroma, and endothelial layer. The iris controls pupil size via sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers.
3. The retina converts light images to nerve impulses via photoreceptors, ganglion cells, and optic nerve fibers exiting at the optic disc. Blood vessels from the choroid and central artery supply the retina.
This document provides a detailed summary of the gross anatomy of the eye and its surrounding structures. It describes the shape and dimensions of the eyeball as well as its internal segments and chambers, including the anterior and posterior segments. It also discusses the anatomy of the orbit, eyelids, conjunctiva, coats of the eyeball including the cornea, sclera, iris, ciliary body and choroid. The document further summarizes the structures of the retina, lens, extraocular muscles, lacrimal gland and related anatomical details.
This document provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the lacrimal system. It describes the secretory apparatus including the lacrimal gland and accessory glands. It then describes the excretory apparatus including the puncta, canaliculi, lacrimal sac, and nasolacrimal duct. It discusses the development of both the secretory and excretory systems. It provides details on the main lacrimal gland, lacrimal ducts, accessory lacrimal glands, lacrimal puncta, and canaliculi. It discusses the arterial supply, venous and lymphatic drainage, and nerve supply to the lacrimal gland. It covers the structure, functions, and applied
Anatomy of optic nerve and its clinical significancePabita Dhungel
This document discusses the anatomy and clinical significance of the optic nerve. It begins with a brief overview of the embryology and development of the optic nerve, from the formation of the optic vesicle and stalk in the early weeks of gestation through myelination and vascularization later in development. Next, it describes the anatomy of the optic nerve in detail at each stage from the intraocular portion to the visual cortex, including structures like the optic disc, chiasm, tract, lateral geniculate body, and optic radiation. The document concludes with a discussion of the clinical significance of understanding optic nerve anatomy, highlighting conditions like disc edema, congenital anomalies, vascular diseases, and how lesions at different points can cause different visual field defects.
The document summarizes the anatomy of the eye. It describes the layers of the eyeball including the fibrous coat with the cornea and sclera, the vascular coat with the iris, ciliary body and choroid, and the nervous coat of the retina. It also discusses the lens and segments of the eyeball. Additionally, it outlines the ocular adnexa including the bony orbit, eyelids, conjunctiva, lacrimal apparatus, extraocular muscles and accessory organs of the eye.
The eyelids are composed of several layers including skin, muscle, orbital septum, fat and conjunctiva. The upper eyelid is raised by the levator palpebrae superioris muscle and Muller's muscle. The lower eyelid is retracted by the capsulopalpebral fascia. Several glands including the meibomian glands and glands of Zeis and Moll are located within the eyelids and help form the tear film. The orbicularis oculi muscle allows for eyelid closure and blinking. Together, the eyelid structures protect the eye and help spread tears across the surface of the eye.
The document describes the anatomy and blood supply of the visual pathway, which extends from the retina to the visual cortex. It discusses the key structures including the optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tracts, lateral geniculate body, optic radiations, and visual cortex. Lesions in different parts of the visual pathway can cause various visual field defects, such as complete blindness from optic nerve lesions, quadrantic hemianopia from chiasmal lesions, and bitemporal hemianopia from central chiasmal lesions. The blood supply is also outlined for each structure, originating from branches of the internal carotid and vertebral arteries.
The document summarizes the anatomy and physiology of the eyelids. It describes the main parts of the eyelids including the palpebral aperture, lid margin, tarsal plate, conjunctiva and glands. It discusses the layers of the eyelids from anterior to posterior including the skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscle and conjunctiva layers. It also summarizes the blood supply, nerves and functions of the eyelids.
The document summarizes the anatomy of the orbit. It describes the orbit as a pyramidal cavity formed by seven bones, including the frontal, zygomatic, maxillary, palatine, lacrimal, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones. The orbital contents include the eyeball, extraocular muscles, nerves, vessels, fat, and most of the lacrimal apparatus. There are several openings in the orbital walls that allow passage of nerves and vessels, including the superior and inferior orbital fissures and optic canal. The orbital fascia lines the orbital cavity.
The document discusses the extraocular muscles of the eye. It describes the six extraocular muscles - the four rectus muscles (medial, lateral, superior, inferior) and two oblique muscles (superior, inferior) that control eye movement. It details the origin, insertion, nerve supply and action of each individual muscle. Collectively, these muscles enable movements like elevation, depression, adduction, abduction, intorsion and extorsion of the eyeball. The levator palpebrae superioris muscle is also described, which is responsible for elevating the upper eyelid. Various clinical tests and conditions involving these muscles like strabismus, ptosis and nerve palsies are mentioned.
The lacrimal apparatus is responsible for producing and draining tears. It consists of the lacrimal gland, conjunctival sac, lacrimal puncta, canaliculi, lacrimal sac, and nasolacrimal duct. The lacrimal gland produces tears which flush the conjunctival sac and nourish the cornea. Tears drain through the puncta and canaliculi into the lacrimal sac, then through the nasolacrimal duct into the nose. Obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct can cause inflammation of the lacrimal sac due to mucus and tear retention.
The lacrimal apparatus consists of the lacrimal gland, lacrimal drainage system, and associated structures that produce and drain tears from the eye.
The lacrimal gland develops from surface ectoderm and is located above and lateral to the eye. Tears produced by the gland drain through puncta and canaliculi into the lacrimal sac, then through the nasolacrimal duct into the nose.
The lacrimal sac is lodged in the lacrimal fossa of the medial orbital wall. It connects to the nasolacrimal duct, which courses posteriorly and laterally through bone to drain into the nasal cavity. Coordinated blinking and pressure differences aid
This document provides an overview of the anatomy and microscopic structure of the retina. Key points include:
- The retina is a thin, delicate membrane lining the back of the eyeball. It contains photoreceptor cells (rods and cones) and neuronal layers.
- Gross anatomical regions include the optic disc, macula lutea, and peripheral retina. The macula contains the fovea centralis, which provides high-acuity central vision.
- Microscopically, the retina contains layers including the retinal pigment epithelium, photoreceptor outer and inner segments, plexiform layers, and ganglion cell layer.
- Rod and cone photoreceptors contain light-
The lacrimal apparatus consists of the main lacrimal gland, accessory lacrimal glands, and lacrimal passages including the puncta, canaliculi, lacrimal sac, and nasolacrimal duct. The main lacrimal gland has orbital and palpebral parts that secrete tears via ducts opening into the superior fornix. Accessory glands include Krause's and Wolfring's glands. Tears drain from the puncta through the canaliculi and lacrimal sac into the nasolacrimal duct, lubricating the eye and washing away debris. Disorders can include dry eye, hyperlacrimation, epiphora, and dacryocyst
anatomy and physiology of lacrimal apparatus pptRohit Rao
This document summarizes key aspects of the lacrimal system including its embryology, anatomy, physiology and role in tear formation and drainage. It discusses the lacrimal gland, canaliculi, lacrimal sac, nasolacrimal duct and meibomian glands. It also describes the layers of the tear film - glycocalyx, mucous, aqueous and lipid layers - and their functions in lubricating and protecting the eye. The document is a comprehensive overview of the lacrimal system and tear film.
The document describes the anatomy and physiology of the lacrimal apparatus. It discusses the following key points:
- The lacrimal apparatus includes the lacrimal gland and associated drainage system for tear production and transport.
- The main structures are the lacrimal gland, puncta, canaliculi, lacrimal sac, and nasolacrimal duct. Tears drain from the puncta through these structures and into the nose.
- The lacrimal gland secretes tears in response to sensory nerve stimulation. Contraction of surrounding muscles aids in drainage and prevents backflow through the puncta.
- Obstruction at any point can cause excess tearing (epiphora) by
1. The eye receives its blood supply from branches of the ophthalmic artery, which branches directly from the internal carotid artery.
2. The central retinal artery supplies the retina, while the ciliary arteries supply the choroid, iris, and ciliary body.
3. Veins drain blood from the eye and empty into the superior and inferior ophthalmic veins, which drain into the cavernous sinus. The cavernous sinus contains several cranial nerves.
The limbus is a transition zone between the cornea and conjunctiva that contains important anatomical features. It is 1-2 mm wide and contains the palisades of Vogt, which are epithelial extensions that arise from the conjunctiva. The limbal epithelium differs from the cornea in that it contains melanocytes but lacks goblet cells. It differs from the conjunctiva in lacking goblet cells but containing melanocytes. The limbus serves important functions of nourishing the cornea and draining aqueous humor. It receives vasculature from the anterior ciliary arteries and innervation from the long ciliary nerves.
1. Introduction Gross anatomy Layers Blood supply, drainage and nerve supply
2. INTRODUCTION • Sclera forms posterior 5/6th of external tunic , connective tissue coat of eyeball. • it continues with duramater and cornea • Its whole surface covered by tenon’s capsule • Anteriorly covered by- bulbar conjunctiva • Inner surface lies in contact with choroid • With a potential suprachoroidal space in between
3. Equa THICKNESS OF SCLERA
4. • Thickness varies with individual, with age • Thinner- children, elder, F> M • Thickest posteriorly • Gradually becomes thinner when traced anteriorly • Thin at insertion of extraocular muscle
The orbit is a four-sided pyramidal socket in the skull in which the eye and its appendages are situated. "Orbit" can refer to the bony socket, or it can also be used to imply the contents.
The orbital contents comprise the eye, the orbital and retrobulbar fascia, extraocular muscles, cranial nerves II, III, IV, V, and VI, blood vessels, fat, the lacrimal gland with its sac and nasolacrimal duct, the eyelids, medial and lateral palpebral ligaments, check ligaments, the suspensory ligament, septum, ciliary ganglion and short ciliary nerves.
The anatomy and physiology of the outer and inner eye can be summarized as follows:
1. The eyelids protect the eyeball and distribute tears across the cornea via contraction of the orbicularis muscle and opening/closing of the levator muscle.
2. The cornea refracts and transmits light, with an epithelium, stroma, and endothelial layer. The iris controls pupil size via sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers.
3. The retina converts light images to nerve impulses via photoreceptors, ganglion cells, and optic nerve fibers exiting at the optic disc. Blood vessels from the choroid and central artery supply the retina.
This document provides a detailed summary of the gross anatomy of the eye and its surrounding structures. It describes the shape and dimensions of the eyeball as well as its internal segments and chambers, including the anterior and posterior segments. It also discusses the anatomy of the orbit, eyelids, conjunctiva, coats of the eyeball including the cornea, sclera, iris, ciliary body and choroid. The document further summarizes the structures of the retina, lens, extraocular muscles, lacrimal gland and related anatomical details.
The retina of the human eye contains rods and cones, which are light-sensitive cells. Rods are more numerous in the retina and are sensitive to dim light, while cones are concentrated in the fovea and responsible for color vision and sharp central vision. The retina converts light signals into electrical signals through photopigments in the rods and cones, and transmits these signals through the optic nerve to the visual cortex in the occipital lobe of the brain for processing and interpretation.
This document provides an overview of the structure and anatomy of the human eyeball. It begins with an introduction to the eyeball's location in the orbital cavity and its resemblance to a camera. The presentation then covers the eyeball's layers (sclera, choroid, retina), internal structures (iris, lens), humors (aqueous, vitreous), blood supply, nerve supply, development, and movements. Examples of applied anatomy are also discussed, such as different types of glaucoma, corneal grafting, and refractive errors like myopia and astigmatism.
The document discusses the structures of the human eye. It describes the eyeball and its surrounding adnexa, which include the orbit, eye muscles, eyelids, conjunctiva, and lacrimal apparatus. The eyeball itself contains three layers - the outer sclera, middle choroid layer with blood vessels, and inner light-sensitive retinal layer. Together these structures work to receive and transmit visual images to the brain.
The eyeball has three concentric layers - an outer fibrous layer, middle vascular layer, and inner neural layer. It is divided into two segments, the anterior segment in front of the lens and the posterior segment behind the lens. The anterior segment contains the cornea, iris, ciliary body, and two chambers filled with aqueous humour. The posterior segment contains the vitreous, choroid, retina, and optic disc. Within these segments are numerous structures including the tear film, conjunctiva, sclera, limbus, uveal tract, crystalline lens, and vitreous cavity that work together to provide vision.
The document summarizes the anatomy of the retina. It describes the layers of the retina in detail and explains conditions like central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) and central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO).
The retina has two main regions - the posterior pole containing the optic disc and macula lutea, and the peripheral retina. The macula lutea contains the fovea centralis, which has tightly packed cones and thin retinal layers. CRAO and CRVO can cause vision loss due to obstruction of the central retinal artery or vein respectively. Management involves treatments like lowering IOP and anti-coagulants.
1) The temporalis muscle originates from the temporal fossa and temporal fascia and inserts on the coronoid process and mandible. It elevates and retracts the mandible.
2) The masseter muscle originates from the zygomatic arch and inserts on the mandible. It elevates and protracts the mandible.
3) The lateral and medial pterygoid muscles both originate from bones in the skull and insert on the mandible, allowing for protrusion and side to side movement of the mandible.
This document provides an overview of the parotid gland and facial nerve. It describes the parotid gland as the largest salivary gland located near the ear. The document outlines the anatomy of the parotid gland including its coverings, surfaces, borders, blood supply, nerve supply and lymphatic drainage. It also discusses clinical conditions involving the parotid gland like mumps, parotitis and parotidectomy. The document then provides details on the facial nerve including its origin, course, branches and clinical conditions associated with different types of facial nerve palsy.
The eyeball is an ablate spheroid structure with anterior and posterior curvatures. It has three protective coats - an outer fibrous coat, middle vascular coat, and inner nervous coat. The eyeball is divided into anterior and posterior segments. The anterior segment includes the iris, ciliary body, lens, and aqueous humour-filled anterior and posterior chambers. The posterior segment contains the vitreous humour, retina, choroid, and optic disc behind the lens.
The document provides an overview of the anatomy of the eye and orbit. It describes the seven bones that make up the bony orbit, including the frontal, zygomatic, maxillary, ethmoidal, sphenoid, lacrimal and palatine bones. It details the structures forming each wall of the orbit, such as the medial orbital wall formed by the frontal process of maxillary, lacrimal bone, orbital plate of ethmoid and lesser wing of sphenoid. Key orbital foramina and fissures transmitting nerves and vessels are also outlined, along with the blood supply and venous drainage pathways. Sinuses related to the orbit including the frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid and maxillary sinuses
The retina has 10 layers and contains photoreceptors that convert light into neural signals. The macula contains the highest density of cones and allows for sharp central vision. The fovea within the macula contains only cones laid out single file, allowing for the highest visual acuity. Photoreceptors synapse with bipolar and horizontal cells in the outer plexiform layer. The retinal pigment epithelium supports the photoreceptors and forms the blood-retina barrier.
The retina is the light-sensitive tissue lining the back of the eye. It contains 10 layers including the retinal pigment epithelium, rods and cones, bipolar and ganglion cells. The retina is thinnest near the center and thickens toward the periphery. Key structures include the optic disc, macula with fovea for sharp central vision, and ora serrata marking the edge. The retina contains over 120 million light receptors and ganglion cells whose axons converge at the optic disc to form the optic nerve.
The eyeball has three concentric layers - the outer protective sclera, the middle vascular uvea, and the inner light-sensitive retina. It contains important structures like the cornea, iris, ciliary body, choroid, vitreous humor, and optic nerve. The eye is surrounded by accessory structures including the eyelids, lacrimal apparatus for tear production and drainage, conjunctiva, extraocular muscles to control eye movement, and orbit bone for protection. All of these work together to allow for vision.
The eye is a spheroid structure around the size of a ping pong ball that functions to distinguish light, dark, shape, color, brightness and distance. It includes structures like the eyelids, conjunctiva, cornea, iris, pupil, lens, vitreous humor, retina, blood vessels and optic nerve. The retina contains light-sensitive photoreceptor cells called rods and cones that convert light into electrical signals to the brain where they are interpreted as vision.
The document summarizes key structures and physiology of the eye. It describes the accessory structures like eyelids, lacrimal apparatus and extraocular muscles. It then details the three tunics that make up the eyeball: the fibrous tunic (sclera and cornea), vascular tunic (choroid, ciliary body and iris) and nervous tunic (retina). It explains the layers of the retina and how photoreceptors convert light to electrical signals via the ON-OFF bipolar cell mechanism. The summary provides an overview of the essential anatomy and physiology discussed in the document.
The document describes the anatomy and structure of the spinal cord. It details the external structure including its cylindrical shape and location within the vertebral canal surrounded by meninges. Internally, it describes the gray and white matter, including the ascending and descending tracts that transmit sensory and motor signals. It also discusses the blood supply, clinical correlations, and applications related to injuries and diseases of the spinal cord.
The document provides details about the anatomy of the orbit and eyeball. It discusses the location, shapes, walls and contents of the orbit. It describes the layers of the tunics (coats) of the eyeball including the sclera, cornea, choroid, ciliary body, iris and retina. It also discusses structures like the optic nerve, extraocular muscles, fasciae and vessels associated with the orbit and eyeball.
This document summarizes the anatomy and physiology of the human eye. It describes the layers of the eyeball including the fibrous, vascular, and nervous coats. It outlines the segments and chambers of the eyeball, including the anterior and posterior chambers filled with aqueous humor. The document then explains the visual pathway from the retina through the optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, lateral geniculate body, and optic radiation to the visual cortex. It also briefly discusses phototransduction and the roles of rods and cones in vision.
USMLE NEUROANATOMY 020 Orbit and globe anatomical structures of the eye soc...AHMED ASHOUR
he orbit and globe refer to the anatomical structures of the eye socket (orbit) and the eyeball (globe). Understanding the surgical anatomy of these structures is crucial for procedures related to ophthalmology and orbital surgery.
Understanding the surgical anatomy of the orbit and globe is vital for ophthalmic surgeons and other professionals involved in eye-related procedures. Surgical interventions aim to address various eye conditions, improve vision, and restore or enhance the aesthetic appearance of the eye and surrounding structures.
The document summarizes the anatomy and physiology of the eye and visual pathway. It describes the main parts of the eyeball including the sclera, cornea, choroid, retina, iris, pupil, lens, vitreous body and their functions. It then discusses the blood supply to the eye, the optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tracts, lateral geniculate nucleus, optic radiations and visual cortex in the brain. The visual pathway transmits visual information from the retina to the brain for processing.
The orbital region contains the eyeballs and associated structures. The orbit is a pyramidal cavity with openings for nerves, vessels and ducts. It is formed by bones of the skull. Within the orbit are the eyeball, extraocular muscles, nerves and vessels. The eyeball has three coats and contains aqueous humor, vitreous body and lens. The eyelids and conjunctiva protect the front of the eyeball.
The eye consists of three coats - the fibrous outer coat containing the sclera and cornea, the vascular pigmented middle coat containing the choroid, ciliary body and iris, and the inner nervous coat containing the retina. The eyeball also contains refractive media - the aqueous humor in the anterior and posterior chambers, the vitreous body filling the vitreous chamber behind the lens, and the transparent biconvex lens situated between the iris and vitreous body. These structures work together to allow light to enter the eye and be focused on the retina to produce vision.
The document summarizes key aspects of eye anatomy in 3 layers:
1) The outer coat includes the cornea and sclera.
2) The middle coat contains the choroid, ciliary body, iris, and lens. It nourishes the retina and controls eye focusing.
3) The inner coat is the retina.
It also briefly describes the orbit, lacrimal system, eyelids, and extraocular muscles.
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This document summarizes the key sensory organs - eye and ear. It describes the main structures of the eye such as the eyelids, lacrimal apparatus, extraocular muscles, coats of the eyeball, light transmitting structures and the mechanism of vision. It also discusses accommodation and common eye diseases. Regarding the ear, it outlines the external, middle and internal parts, and describes structures like the tympanic membrane, ossicles and cochlea which are important for hearing. The vestibule and semicircular canals are also mentioned as parts of the inner ear involved in equilibrium.
This document describes the anatomy and function of the eye. It discusses the movements of the eyeball along three axes mediated by six extraocular muscles. It details the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles that control eye movement and accommodation. The three coats of the eye are described along with the refractive media and contents of the eyeball. Accommodation involves the ciliary muscle relaxing the suspensory ligaments to allow the lens to thicken for near vision. Convergence and pupillary constriction accompany accommodation.
The document provides information about the oculomotor nerve (CN III), including its origin in the midbrain, course through the subarachnoid space and divisions within the orbit. It describes the nerve's motor and parasympathetic functions and supply to the extraocular muscles and sphincter pupillae muscle. Clinical features of CN III palsies are outlined such as ptosis, deviation of the eye, and a fixed dilated pupil. Key locations along the nerve's course and different types of palsies including complete and incomplete are also summarized.
The orbital region contains the eyeballs and associated structures. The orbits are bony cavities that contain the eyeballs, muscles, nerves, vessels and fat. Each orbit is a pyramidal cavity with openings that transmit nerves and vessels. The eyeball consists of three coats - fibrous, vascular and nervous - that contain the aqueous humor, vitreous body and lens. Muscles allow movement of the eyeball and eyelids to focus vision.
Eye prosthetic consideration/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian d...Indian dental academy
The document discusses the anatomy and structures of the eye. It describes the layers of the eye including the sclera, cornea, choroid, ciliary body, iris, aqueous humour, lens, vitreous body, and retina. It also discusses the extraocular muscles that control eye movement and details the anatomy and function of individual muscles like the recti, oblique, and levator palpebrae superioris muscles. Prosthetic rehabilitation of the anophthalmic socket requires collaboration between an ophthalmologist and maxillofacial prosthodontist to successfully return patients to society with a normal appearance.
The document provides an overview of the anatomy and structures of the eye and sight. It discusses the three layers that make up the walls of the eye - the outer fibrous layer, middle vascular layer, and inner nervous tissue layer. It describes key internal structures like the iris, lens, retina, as well as surrounding structures like the optic nerve, chiasma and tracts. The eye functions through a complex coordinated system to take in light, focus images, and transmit visual signals through neural pathways to the brain.
The document provides information on the anatomy of the eye and drug absorption through the eye. It describes the three layers that make up the wall of the eyeball - fibrous tunic, vascular tunic, and retina. It details the external structures like eyelids, cornea, iris, and pupil. Internally, it outlines the choroid, ciliary body, lens, vitreous chamber, and retina. It explains how drugs can be absorbed through the cornea or non-corneally across the conjunctiva and sclera. Factors like precorneal constraints, corneal barrier properties, and ion transport systems influence trans corneal penetration and absorption in the eye.
The document provides information about the anatomy of the eye and drug absorption. It discusses the three layers that make up the eyeball - fibrous tunic, vascular tunic, and retina. The external structures of the eye like eyelashes, eyelids, cornea, sclera, conjunctiva, and iris are described. The internal structures such as choroid, ciliary body, lens, vitreous chamber, and retina are also summarized. Key parts of the eye involved in vision like photoreceptors, blind spot, and fovea are highlighted in less than 3 sentences.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
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providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
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Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
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these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
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Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
3. • The eyeball is embeded in
orbital fat but it separated from
it by the fascial sheath of the
eyeball.
• The eyeball cosists of 3 coats
which from without inward,are
fibrous coat, the vasscular
bigmented coat &the nervous
coat. ANATOMY OF THE 3
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi
4. (قال تعالي
)
ANATOMY OF THE 4
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi
5. The fibrous coat made up of a posterior opaque
part.the sclera & an anterior transpartent
part the cornea
The sclera
The opaque part is composed of dense fibrous
tissue & is white.
Posteriorly it is pierced by the optic nerve & is
fused with the dural sheath of that nerve.
The lamina cribrosa is area of sclera that is
pierced by the nerve fibers of the optic nerve.
the sclera is also pierced by the ciliary
arteties&nerves &their associated veins ,the
venae vorticosa.
The sclera is directly continuous in front with
the cornea at the corneoscleral junction or
ANATOMY OF THE 5
limbus. EYEBALL- dr Shawgi
6. • The cornea
• The transparent cornea is largely
responsible for the refraction of the light
entering the eye. It is contact posteriorly
with the aqueous humor
• Blood supply:-the cornea is avascular
&devoid of lymphatic drainge it is
nourished by diffusion from the aqueous
ANATOMY OF THE 6
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi
7. • humor& from the capillaries at the edge.
• Innervated by long ciliary nerves from the
opthalmic diviation of the trigeminal
nerve.
ANATOMY OF THE 7
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi
8. Vascular pigment coat
Consist from behind of the choroid, the
ciliary body & the iris
the choroid composed of an outer pigment
layer & an inner,highly vascular layer >>
the ciliary body is continuous posteriorly
with the choroid & anteriorly it lies behind
the peripheral margin of the iris ,it
composed of the ciliary ring the ciliary
processes &the ciliary muscle
ANATOMY OF THE 8
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi
11. • The iris &pupil The iris is a thin,
contractile pigmented diaphragm with
central aperture ,the pupil is suspended in
the aqueous humor b/w the cornea &the
lens .the periphery of the iris is attached to
the anterior & a posterior chamber
ANATOMY OF THE 11
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi
13. The nervous coat
• Retina which consist of an outer
pigmented layer & an inner nervous layer
its outer surface is in contact with the
vitreous body,the posterior ¾ 0f the retina
is the receptor organ ,its anterior edge
forms a wavy ring the ora serata & the
nervous tissue end here. The anterior part
of the retina in nonreceptive &consist 0f
pigment cell with adeeper layer of
columnar epithelium ,this anterior part of
the retina covers the ciliary processes &
the back of the ANATOMY OF THE
iris 13
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi
15. • At the cener of the vposterior part of the
retina is an oval yellowish area , the
Macula lutea which is area of the retina for
the most distinct vision,it has central
depression the Fovea centralis .
• The optic nerve leaves the retina about
3mm to the medial side of the macula lutea
by the optic disc.the optic disc is slightly
depressed at its center .where it is pierced
by the central artery of the retina ,at the
optic disc is acomplete &is referred to as
the blind spot. ANATOMY OF THE 15
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi
16. • The other part of the eyeball consist of
the refractive media, the aqueous humer
,the vitreous body &the lens.
the aqueous humer Is a clear fluid that fills
the anterior &posterior chambers of the
eyeball.
the vitreous body fills the eyeball behind
the lens & is a transparent gel.
the lens is a transparent, biconvex
structure enclosed in a transparent
ANATOMY OF THE 16
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi
17. • capsule .it is situated behind
the iris & in frontof the vitreous
body &is encircled by the ciliary
processes.
ANATOMY OF THE 17
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi
23. External muscle of the
eyeball
(striated skeletal muscle)
• Superior rectus Origin posterior ring of
orbital cavity insertion superior surface of
eyeball just posterior to limbus . innervated by
oculomotor nerve its action raises cornea up
ward & medialy
• inferior rectus Origin posterior wall of
the orbital cavity insertion inferior
surface of the eyeball just posterior
to limbus innervated by 3rd CN its action
depresses cornea down ward &
medially
ANATOMY OF THE 23
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi
24. • Medial rectus Origin posterior wall of the
orbital cavity insertion medial surface of the
eyeball just posterior to limbus innervated by 3rd
CN its action rotate eyeball so that cornea looks
medially .
• Lateral rectus Origin posterior wall of
orbital cavity insertion lateral surface of eyeball
just posterior to limbus innervated by 6th CN its
action rotate eyeball so the cornea looks
laterally
ANATOMY OF THE 24
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi
25. • Superior oblique Origin posterior wall of
orbital cavity insertion pass through the bulley &
attached to superior surface of eye ball beneath
superior rectus innervated by 4thCN its action rotate the eyeball
so the cornea looks
down ward & laterally .
• Inferior oblique Origin floor of the orbital
cavity insertion lateral surface of eyeball
beneath the superior rectus innervated by
3rdCN its action rotate the eyeball so the
cornea looks up ward & laterally .
ANATOMY OF THE 25
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi
27. Internisic muscle of the
eyeball
(smooth muscle)
• Sphinctor pupille of the iris
innervated by parasympathetic via
3rdCN&its action constericts pupil
• Dilator pupille of the iris
innervated by sympathetic&its action
dilated pupil
• Ciliary muscle innervated by
parasympathetic via 3rdCN&its action
controls shape of lens; in accommodation
makes lens more globular
ANATOMY OF THE 27
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi
28. Muscle of the eyelids
• Orbicularis oculi contains 2 parts
palpebral part &orbital part both originate
from medial palpebral ligament &also both
innervated bt 7thCN ,the palpebral part
inserted into lateral palpebral raphe & its
action closes eyelids dilated lacrimal sac
while the orbital part inserted into loops
return to origin& its action throws skin
around orbit into folds to protect eyeball.
ANATOMY OF THE 28
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi
29. • Levator palpebrea superioris
• Originated from back of the orbital cavity
inserted into anterior surface &margin of
superior tarsal plate innervated by the
striated musle by 3rdCN ;smooth muscle
sympathetic &its action raises upper lid
ANATOMY OF THE 29
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi
30. Crenial Nerves ass
of the eyeball
optic
• The 2ndCN optic nerve consist of
nerve, optic chiasms ,optic
tract ,lateral geniculate body
&thenoptic radiations
• Fiber from retina converge at the optic
disk & pass bachward as the optic nerve
• fibres from the nasal half of each retina
decussate at the optic chiasma while fibre
from the temporal half remain on the same
side ANATOMY OF THE 30
• . EYEBALL- dr Shawgi
33. • The optic tract , thus formed ,contain
fibers from the temporal half of the retina
of the same side & the nasal half of the
retina of the oppsite side The fiber of the
optic tract go to the latral geniculate body
& then pass through the posterior limb of
the internal capsule as the optic radiations
. One group of optic radiation passes
through the temporal lobe & other group
through the parietal lobe.
ANATOMY OF THE 33
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi
34. • finally the are projected to the
calcarine sulcus (visual area)of
the occipital lobe.The fiber
concerned with the light reflex
don’t relay in the geniculate
body & go to the superior
calculi ; pretectal area of the
midbrain & then 3rdCN nuclei of
both sides. ANATOMY OF THE 34
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi
35. • Examination for 1-visual acuity (each
eye examin separately the near vision is
chucked by reading book & far vision with
help of Snellen chart.
• 2-field of vision using Bjerrum’s screen
(central vision)& the perineter (peripheral
vision) if these are not available tested by
confrontation method.
• 3- color of vision is checked by using of
Ishihara charts.
• 4-fundus by fundoscopy.
ANATOMY OF THE 35
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi
36. • Lesions
• Optic nerve lesion complete loss of vision
on the affected side,
• Optic chiasma *** involving crossed fibers
>>> bitemporal hemianopia .*** involving
uncrossed fibers >>> binasal hemianopia.
• Optic tract ***left optic tract involved >>>
left homonymous hemianopia (loss of left
halves of visual fields of both side.)***right
optic tract involve >>>right hom0nymous
hemianopia. ANATOMY OF THE 36
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi
37. • Optic radiation
• ***temporal optic radiation ;represent
upper quadrants 0f visual field &damage
will lead to superior qadrantanopia of the
oppsite side.
• ***parietal optic radiations ; represent
lower quadrant of visual field & its lesion
lead to inferior quadrantanopia of the
oppsite side.
ANATOMY OF THE 37
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi
38. • The 3rdCN Oculomotor supplies all
extraocular muscles except superior
oblique &lateral rectus. in addition ,it also
contains parasympathetic fibers which
relay in the ciliarybganglion ;the post
ganglionic fibers supply ciliary muscles
&sphincter pupillae, the4thCN
Trochlear Supply superior oblique
muscle.
ANATOMY OF THE 38
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi
39. • &the6thCN Abducent nerves supply lateral
rectus muscle
• The group of the external muscles of
eyeball (superior rectus ,inferior rectus
,medial rectus ,lateral rectus , superior
oblique &inferior oblique)&the one muscle
from the group of eyelid (levator palpebrae
superioris) make Extraocular muscles.
• The group of the internisic muscle of the
eyeball (ciliary muscle ,sphincter pupillae
ANATOMY OF THE 39
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi
40. • &dilator pupillae)make Intraocular
muscles.
• lateral & medial recti move the eyeball
laterally(abduction)&medially (adduction)
Respectively
• In the midposition , superior rectus
&inferior oblique move the eyeball
upwards(elevation);& ,inferior rectus &
superior oblique move the eyeball
downwards(depression)
ANATOMY OF THE 40
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi
41. • If the eyeball is moved laterally ,upwards &
downward movements are carried out by
the superior &inferior rectus respectively
• If the eyeball is moved medially ,upwards
&downward movements are carried out by
the inferior &superior oblique respectively
• oblique muscle move the eyeball in the
direction opposite to their name.
ANATOMY OF THE 41
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi
42. . levator palpebrae superioris elevates the
upper eyelid.
• All The extraocular muscles are supplied
by the 3rdCN except superior oblique
which are supplied by the 4thCN & the
lateral rectus which is supplied by the
6thCN.
ANATOMY OF THE 42
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi
43. Intraocular muscles these are ciliary
muscles , sphincter pupillae &dilater
pupillae .the ciliary muscle make circle to
which suspensory ligament attached , they
contract when near objects are focused
;the lens capsule relaxes &convexity of the
lens is increased .there are 2 muscles in
the iris ;concentric fibers or sphincter
pupillae constrict the pupil& radial fibers
or dilater pupillae dilate the pupil.
ANATOMY OF THE 43
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi
44. • Ciliary muscle &sphincter pupillae are
supplied by the parasympathetic fibers of
the 3rdCN .dilator pupillae is supply by the
sympathetic fibers which travel along
carotid opthalmic artery from superior
cervical ganglion.
ANATOMY OF THE 44
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi
46. Lesions of 3rdCN
• External ophthalmoplesia
• External strabismus(squint)
• Diplopia *ptosis
*dilated pupil
• Loss of visual
reflexes&accomodation
ANATOMY OF THE 46
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi
52. Sensation of the eye
supply by the opthalmic division
(1st part of 5thCN) it carries
(touch, pain &temperature) to
upper eyelid , conjunctiva,
cornea & intraocular structures
ANATOMY OF THE 52
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi
53. • The motor branch of the 7thCN
supplies all the muscles of the
fascial expression . SO in the
case of 7thCN palsy the pt
inable to close the eyelid beside
dry conjectiva.
ANATOMY OF THE 53
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi
55. Our bOss dr/Osman
YOusif
&mY seniOrs dr/dalia & dr/
lana.
•if i saY Thank YOu i dOn’T give
YOu ,001 degree fOr all YOur
Times 0f Teaching me &fOr all
chances ThaT given me fOr
Training & learning abOuT abc
Of OphThalmOlOgY in This
hOspiTal.
ANATOMY OF THE 55
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi
56. يا من يعز علينا أن نفارقهم
وجداننا وكل شي بعدهم عدم
ٍ
dugory9@gmail.com
ANATOMY OF THE 56
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi