The document summarizes the structure of the human eye. It describes the three main layers - outer fibrous (sclera and cornea), middle vascular (iris, ciliary body, choroid), and inner nervous (retina). It also details the interior structures like the aqueous humour, lens, and vitreous body. Additionally, it outlines the accessory structures including eyebrows, eyelids, lacrimal apparatus, and extraocular muscles. Blood and nerve supply to the eye are also summarized.

1. By Dr Satish S Hadimani
Dept of shalakya tantra
SGR Ayurved Mahavidyalaya,
Solapur

4.  The eye is the organ of sight situated in the orbital
cavity.
 Spherical in shape and 2.5cm in diameter.

6. Structure of the eye
Outer fibrous layer – Sclera and cornea
Middle vascular layer – Iris, ciliary body and choroid
Inner nervous layer - Retina

7. Layers of eye

8. Interior of the Eyeball
Aqueous
humour
Lens
Vitreous

10. Accessory structures of the eye
 Eyebrows
 Eyelids
 Lacrimal appareatus
 Extraocular
muscles
of the eye

11. Structure of eye

12. Structure of the Eye
1. The Outer Fibrous Layer
 1. Sclera – white part of the eye ball. Its firm, fibrous
outermost layer of the eye.
 It maintains the shape of the eye and gives
attachments to the extraocular muscles.
 1 mm in thick and thin at the posterior side where
optic nerve pierces – Lamina cribrosa

13. 2. Cornea –
 Forms anterior 1/6th of the eye.
 Its transparent.
 Main refractive surface of the eye.
 Diopteric power is +43 to +45D.
3. Limbus – The junction of cornea and sclera is known as
the limbus.

14. Middle vascular layer
Iris – it’s a coloured circular muscular diaphragm with an
aperture in the centre
 It divides the anterior segment of the
eye in to anterior and posterior chambers
Ciliary body – it is a triangular shape of
muscle.
Choroid

15. Choroid
 The choroid,
consisting of blood
vessels, connective
tissue and pigment
cells, is sandwiched
between the retina and
the sclera.
 provides oxygen and
nutrition to the outer
retinal layers.

16. Lens

17. Retina
 At the back of the retina
 Contains 2 types of photoreceptors - rods and cones
 Converts light signal into an electrical signal that is
transmitted to brain through optic nerve.

19. Fundus image

20. Interior of the Eyeball
 Aqueous humour
 Lens
 Vitreous

21. Aqueous humour
 fills the anterior and
posterior chambers.
 The anterior
chamber is the
space between the
cornea and the iris.
 Behind the iris and
in front of the lens
is the posterior
chamber.
 They are
connected by the
pupil.

22. Lens

23. Lens
 The discus-like lens comprises a mass of
long cells known as fibres. At the centre
these fibres are compacted into a hard
nucleus surrounded by less dense fibres, the
cortex.
 The lens is relatively dehydrated and its
fibres contain special proteins. This is why it
is transparent.

24. Vitreous body

25. Vitreous body
The vitreous body is 99% water but,
vitally, also contains collagen fibrils and
hyaluronan, which impart cohesion and
a gel-like consistency.
The vitreous is adherent to the retina at
certain points, particularly at the optic
disc and at the ora serrata.

26. Accessory structures of the eye
 Eyebrows
 Eyelids
 Lacrimal appareatus
 Extraocular
muscles
of the eye

28. Accessory structures of the eye
Eye brows :
 These are two arched ridges of the
supraorbital margin of the frontal bone.
 These protects the eye from sweat, dust and
other foreign bodies.

29. Eye lids and eye lashes
 The eyelids are two movable folds of tissue situated
above and below the front of each eye.
 There are short curved hair, called eyelashes situated
on their free edges.
 A thin covering of skin
 Three muscles – orbicularis oculi, levator palpebrae
superioris and muller’s muscles
 A sheet of dense connective tissue and tarsal plate
 A lining of the conjunctiva

31. Lacrimal apparatus
 Lacrimal gland and its ducts
 Accessory lacrimal glands
 Lacrimal canaliculi
 Lacrimal sac
 Nasolacrimal duct

32. Extraocular muscles
 Medial rectus muscle
 Lateral rectus muscle
 Superior rectus muscle
 Inferior rectus muscle
 Superior oblique muscle
 Inferior oblique muscle

33. Blood supply
Carotid artery
Ophthalmic artery
Ciliary artery and central retinal artery
Eye
Artery supply

34. Blood supply

37. Nerve supply
 Motor nerves
 3rd cranial nerve – Levator palpebrae
Superior rectus
Medial rectus
Inferior rectus
Inferior oblique
Sphincter pupillae
Ciliary muscle
 4th cranial nerve - superior oblique muscle
 6th cranial nerve – lateral rectus muscle
 7th cranial nerve – orbicularis oculi muscle
 Sensory nerve – ophthalmic division supplies the whole eye

40. Autonomic nerves
Sympathetic nerve supply
 Iris - dilator pupillae
 Ciliary body
 Muller’s muscle
 Lacrimal gland
Parasympathetic nerve supply
 Iris – sphincter pupillae
 Ciliary body
 Lacrimal gland