Gross anatomy of eye

1. By Dr Satish S Hadimani
Dept of shalakya tantra
SGR Ayurved Mahavidyalaya,
Solapur

4.  The eye is the organ of sight situated in the orbital
cavity.
 Spherical in shape and 2.5cm in diameter.

6. Structure of the eye
Outer fibrous layer – Sclera and cornea
Middle vascular layer – Iris, ciliary body and choroid
Inner nervous layer - Retina

7. Layers of eye

8. Interior of the Eyeball
Aqueous
humour
Lens
Vitreous

10. Accessory structures of the eye
 Eyebrows
 Eyelids
 Lacrimal appareatus
 Extraocular
muscles
of the eye

11. Structure of eye

12. Structure of the Eye
1. The Outer Fibrous Layer
 1. Sclera – white part of the eye ball. Its firm, fibrous
outermost layer of the eye.
 It maintains the shape of the eye and gives
attachments to the extraocular muscles.
 1 mm in thick and thin at the posterior side where
optic nerve pierces – Lamina cribrosa

13. 2. Cornea –
 Forms anterior 1/6th of the eye.
 Its transparent.
 Main refractive surface of the eye.
 Diopteric power is +43 to +45D.
3. Limbus – The junction of cornea and sclera is known as
the limbus.

14. Middle vascular layer
Iris – it’s a coloured circular muscular diaphragm with an
aperture in the centre
 It divides the anterior segment of the
eye in to anterior and posterior chambers
Ciliary body – it is a triangular shape of
muscle.
Choroid

15. Choroid
 The choroid,
consisting of blood
vessels, connective
tissue and pigment
cells, is sandwiched
between the retina and
the sclera.
 provides oxygen and
nutrition to the outer
retinal layers.

16. Lens

17. Retina
 At the back of the retina
 Contains 2 types of photoreceptors - rods and cones
 Converts light signal into an electrical signal that is
transmitted to brain through optic nerve.

19. Fundus image

20. Interior of the Eyeball
 Aqueous humour
 Lens
 Vitreous

21. Aqueous humour
 fills the anterior and
posterior chambers.
 The anterior
chamber is the
space between the
cornea and the iris.
 Behind the iris and
in front of the lens
is the posterior
chamber.
 They are
connected by the
pupil.

22. Lens

23. Lens
 The discus-like lens comprises a mass of
long cells known as fibres. At the centre
these fibres are compacted into a hard
nucleus surrounded by less dense fibres, the
cortex.
 The lens is relatively dehydrated and its
fibres contain special proteins. This is why it
is transparent.

24. Vitreous body

25. Vitreous body
The vitreous body is 99% water but,
vitally, also contains collagen fibrils and
hyaluronan, which impart cohesion and
a gel-like consistency.
The vitreous is adherent to the retina at
certain points, particularly at the optic
disc and at the ora serrata.

26. Accessory structures of the eye
 Eyebrows
 Eyelids
 Lacrimal appareatus
 Extraocular
muscles
of the eye

28. Accessory structures of the eye
Eye brows :
 These are two arched ridges of the
supraorbital margin of the frontal bone.
 These protects the eye from sweat, dust and
other foreign bodies.

29. Eye lids and eye lashes
 The eyelids are two movable folds of tissue situated
above and below the front of each eye.
 There are short curved hair, called eyelashes situated
on their free edges.
 A thin covering of skin
 Three muscles – orbicularis oculi, levator palpebrae
superioris and muller’s muscles
 A sheet of dense connective tissue and tarsal plate
 A lining of the conjunctiva

31. Lacrimal apparatus
 Lacrimal gland and its ducts
 Accessory lacrimal glands
 Lacrimal canaliculi
 Lacrimal sac
 Nasolacrimal duct

32. Extraocular muscles
 Medial rectus muscle
 Lateral rectus muscle
 Superior rectus muscle
 Inferior rectus muscle
 Superior oblique muscle
 Inferior oblique muscle

33. Blood supply
Carotid artery
Ophthalmic artery
Ciliary artery and central retinal artery
Eye
Artery supply

34. Blood supply

37. Nerve supply
 Motor nerves
 3rd cranial nerve – Levator palpebrae
Superior rectus
Medial rectus
Inferior rectus
Inferior oblique
Sphincter pupillae
Ciliary muscle
 4th cranial nerve - superior oblique muscle
 6th cranial nerve – lateral rectus muscle
 7th cranial nerve – orbicularis oculi muscle
 Sensory nerve – ophthalmic division supplies the whole eye

40. Autonomic nerves
Sympathetic nerve supply
 Iris - dilator pupillae
 Ciliary body
 Muller’s muscle
 Lacrimal gland
Parasympathetic nerve supply
 Iris – sphincter pupillae
 Ciliary body
 Lacrimal gland