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Eyeball Anatomy with histology
This document provides an overview of the structure and anatomy of the human eyeball. It begins with an introduction to the eyeball's location in the orbital cavity and its resemblance to a camera. The presentation then covers the eyeball's layers (sclera, choroid, retina), internal structures (iris, lens), humors (aqueous, vitreous), blood supply, nerve supply, development, and movements. Examples of applied anatomy are also discussed, such as different types of glaucoma, corneal grafting, and refractive errors like myopia and astigmatism.
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Eyeball Anatomy with histology
- 2. EYEBALL Chair Person: Dr.R.D. Virupaxi Presenter: Dr. Kapil Amgain
- 3. Scheme of Presentation • • • • • Introduction Structure Bloodsupply Nerve supply Applied Anatomy
- 4. • The organof sight • Occupies the ant.1/3 of the orbital cavity • Embedded in fat, separated by a membranous sac, the fascia bulbi. • Eyeball closely resembles the Camera Introduction
- 5. • Two poles •Two axes • Eqator: an imaginary line arround the eye ball equidistance from the two poles. • Meridian: an imaginary plane from pole to pole and cutting the equator at the right angle.
- 6. Concentric coats/tunics ofeyeball • Outer fibrous coat: Sclera and Cornea • Middle vascular coat: Choroid, Ciliary Body and Iris • Inner nervous coat: Retina
- 8. Structure piercing thesclera • Optic nerve • Post.ciliary vessel and nerve • Venae vorticosae • Ant ciliary artey
- 9.
- 10. Histology of thecornea
- 11. Choroid • A thin pigmented layerwhich separates the post. part of the sclera from the retina.
- 12. Histology of thechoroid
- 13. Ciliary body • Athickened part of uveal tract lying just post.to the corneal limbus. • Pars plana (ciliary ring) • Pars plicata
- 14. Iris • It resembles thediaphrgm of camera
- 15. Inner coat orRetina • It is the thin, delicate inner layer of the eyeball • Continuous posteriorly with the optic nerve
- 16. Histology of theretina
- 21. Aqueous humour Composition • Aminoacids transported by cilliary muscles. • 98% water • Electrolytes • Ascorbic acid • Glutathione
- 23. Vitreous humour/body • Thevitreous is the transparent, colourless, gelatinous mass that fills the space between the lens of the eye and the retina lining the back of the eye. • It is produced by cells in the non-pigmented portion of the ciliary body deriven from embryonic mesenchyme cells which then degenerate after birth.
- 24. Vitreous Body • Itscomposition is similar to the cornea, but contains very few cells (mostly phagocytes which remove unwanted cellular debris in the visual field, as well as the hyalocytes of the surface of the vitreous, which reprocess the hyaluronic acid), • • • • • • • No blood vessels. Water = 98-99% of its volume (75% in the cornea) Salts, sugars, vitrosin (a type of collagen), a network of collagen type II fibres Glycosaminoglycan Hyaluronic acid and many proteins in micro amounts. The vitreous body has a viscosity two to four times that of pure water, giving it a gelatinous consistency. It also has a refractive index of 1.336
- 25. Lens • The crystallinelens is a transparent, biconvex structure in the eye that, along with the cornea, helps to refract light to be focused on the retina. • The lens, by changing shape, functions to change the focal distance of the eye so that it can focus on objects at various distances, thus allowing a sharp real image of the object of interest to be formed on the retina
- 26. Histology of thelens
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- 29. Action of extraoccularMuscle
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- 32. Light Reflex • Shininglight into one eye causes constriction of iris muscles on both sides
- 33. Accommodation Reflex • Directingeyes from a distant object to a near object causes constriction of iris muscles on both sides.
- 34.
- 35. Blood Supply ofeyeball
- 36. Blood supply ofeyeball • Ophthamic artery
- 37. Nerve supply • Sclera: •Cornea:ophthalmic nerve through long ciliary nerve which form 4 plexus as they reach the cornea (anular, proprial, subepithelial and intraepithelial • Choroid: • Ciliary muscle: parasympathetic nerve • Iris:
- 38. Applied Anatomy • • • • • Conjunctivitis Glaucoma Corneal opacities Cornealgrafting Jaundice can be visualized on the bulbar conjuctive • Myopia • Hypermetropia • Presbyopia/Astigmatism
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- 41. Open-Angle Glaucoma • PrimaryOpenAngle Glaucoma: The drainage angle is open within the eye, but for unknown reasons, does not allow fluid to drain.
- 42. Glaucoma: Open vsClosed angle
- 43. Papiloedema & Papillitis •Cupping of optic disc • Atrophy of optic nerve due to chronic pressure
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