At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
i. component organs of the urinary system;
ii. describe the structure of the kidneys;
iii. describe the structure of the ureters;
iv. describe the structure of the urinary bladder;
v. describe the structure of the urethra; and
vi. explain the formation of urine and it's composition
Anatomy and Physiology of Urinary Systemiffat aisha
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to produce urine. The urine passes from the kidneys to the bladder via the ureters. The bladder stores urine until micturition. The urethra then carries urine out of the body. The urinary system regulates water balance and the levels of electrolytes, acids, and bases in the blood to maintain homeostasis. Nephrons are the functional units of the kidneys that filter blood and form urine through processes like filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.
The renal system consists of the kidneys and urinary bladder. The kidneys play a vital role in maintaining fluid balance and composition in the body, regulating the internal environment. The kidneys are composed of nephrons which filter blood, reabsorbing necessary substances and secreting waste products to produce urine. Urine is stored in the bladder and emptied during micturition.
The document describes the four main layers that make up the walls of the alimentary canal (also known as the gastrointestinal tract): the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa. The mucosa is the innermost layer that lines the canal and has functions like secreting mucus and enzymes, absorbing nutrients, and protecting against pathogens. It contains epithelial tissue, connective tissue, and smooth muscle. The submucosa lies just outside the mucosa and contains blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves and connective tissue. The muscularis externa is responsible for movements like segmentation and peristalsis through its inner circular and outer longitudinal smooth muscle layers. The outer
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra. The kidneys filter the blood to remove wastes and produce urine. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney that filters blood and forms urine. Urine passes from the kidneys through the ureters into the bladder, and is then emptied through the urethra. Urine formation involves glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption and secretion, and a countercurrent mechanism in the kidney. The urinary system regulates water and electrolyte balance and removes nitrogenous wastes from the body.
The lymphatic system helps remove excess fluid from tissues, absorb fats and transport white blood cells and antigens. It comprises a network of lymphatic vessels that carry lymph fluid towards the heart. Lymph fluid is filtered through lymph nodes and transported back into the bloodstream via lymph vessels in one direction towards the heart. The lymphatic system plays an important role in fluid balance and immune function.
The digestive system includes the organs of the alimentary canal and accessory structures. The alimentary canal forms a continuous tube that is open to the outside environment at both ends. The organs of the alimentary canal are the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.
The document summarizes the structure and function of the renal (urinary) system. It describes the key components of the system including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. It then discusses the functional units of the kidneys called nephrons and their role in filtering blood and regulating water and electrolyte balance through glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption and secretion processes. Specifically, it explains how nephrons use active transport mechanisms like the sodium-potassium pump to reabsorb filtered materials and maintain blood pressure and pH levels.
Anatomy and Physiology of Urinary Systemiffat aisha
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to produce urine. The urine passes from the kidneys to the bladder via the ureters. The bladder stores urine until micturition. The urethra then carries urine out of the body. The urinary system regulates water balance and the levels of electrolytes, acids, and bases in the blood to maintain homeostasis. Nephrons are the functional units of the kidneys that filter blood and form urine through processes like filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.
The renal system consists of the kidneys and urinary bladder. The kidneys play a vital role in maintaining fluid balance and composition in the body, regulating the internal environment. The kidneys are composed of nephrons which filter blood, reabsorbing necessary substances and secreting waste products to produce urine. Urine is stored in the bladder and emptied during micturition.
The document describes the four main layers that make up the walls of the alimentary canal (also known as the gastrointestinal tract): the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa. The mucosa is the innermost layer that lines the canal and has functions like secreting mucus and enzymes, absorbing nutrients, and protecting against pathogens. It contains epithelial tissue, connective tissue, and smooth muscle. The submucosa lies just outside the mucosa and contains blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves and connective tissue. The muscularis externa is responsible for movements like segmentation and peristalsis through its inner circular and outer longitudinal smooth muscle layers. The outer
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra. The kidneys filter the blood to remove wastes and produce urine. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney that filters blood and forms urine. Urine passes from the kidneys through the ureters into the bladder, and is then emptied through the urethra. Urine formation involves glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption and secretion, and a countercurrent mechanism in the kidney. The urinary system regulates water and electrolyte balance and removes nitrogenous wastes from the body.
The lymphatic system helps remove excess fluid from tissues, absorb fats and transport white blood cells and antigens. It comprises a network of lymphatic vessels that carry lymph fluid towards the heart. Lymph fluid is filtered through lymph nodes and transported back into the bloodstream via lymph vessels in one direction towards the heart. The lymphatic system plays an important role in fluid balance and immune function.
The digestive system includes the organs of the alimentary canal and accessory structures. The alimentary canal forms a continuous tube that is open to the outside environment at both ends. The organs of the alimentary canal are the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.
The document summarizes the structure and function of the renal (urinary) system. It describes the key components of the system including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. It then discusses the functional units of the kidneys called nephrons and their role in filtering blood and regulating water and electrolyte balance through glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption and secretion processes. Specifically, it explains how nephrons use active transport mechanisms like the sodium-potassium pump to reabsorb filtered materials and maintain blood pressure and pH levels.
The document provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the urinary system. It describes the key components including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. It explains the functions of the kidneys in filtering waste and regulating fluid balance. It also details the structure and function of nephrons as the functional units of the kidney that form urine.
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to form urine. The urine travels from the kidneys down the ureters to the urinary bladder, where it is stored until urination. During urination, the bladder contracts and the urethra carries the urine out of the body. In addition to removing waste, the urinary system regulates fluid and electrolyte balance and blood pressure.
The document provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the urinary system. It describes the key components including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. It explains the functions of the kidneys in filtering waste and regulating fluid balance. It also details the nephron, the functional unit of the kidney, and how it produces urine through glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and secretion.
The lymphatic system is an important part of the circulatory system that helps transport fat, remove interstitial fluid and toxins, and supports the immune system. It is comprised of lymph fluid, vessels, and nodes. Lymph fluid is formed from fluid that leaves blood vessels and transports through lymph vessels to lymph nodes, which filter the lymph. Major lymphatic ducts then return filtered lymph to the bloodstream. The document discusses the key components and functions of the lymphatic system, as well as ways to keep it healthy through diet, exercise, stress reduction, and deep breathing.
The large intestine comes after the small intestine and measures approximately 1.5 meters. It absorbs water and nutrients from waste and protects the body from infections. The large intestine consists of the cecum, colon (ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid sections), rectum, and anal canal. It removes remaining water from digested food and stores waste until defecation through contractions that move waste to the rectum for elimination.
Urinary system || Human Anatomy And Physiology || B. Pharmacy || Science
Content
•Introduction
•Example
•Reaction
•Reference
Content
• Introduction
• Organs of urinary system
• Anatomy of Urinary Tract
• Anatomy of Kidney
• Anatomy of Nephron
• Functions of kidney
• Diseses of Kidney
Urinary System, Kidney, Nephron, Function of Kidney, Urinary System Disease, Process of urine formation- Glomerular Filtration, Re absorption, Secretion
Lecture 8 the cardiovascular system blood vessels and circulationNada G.Youssef
This document summarizes the cardiovascular system, including blood vessels and circulation. It describes the structure and function of arteries, veins, and capillaries. Arteries carry blood away from the heart, veins carry blood back to the heart, and capillaries allow for gas exchange. It also discusses blood pressure, pulse, circulatory routes including systemic and pulmonary circulation, and fetal circulation.
The lymphatic system is part of the circulatory system and immune system. It is composed of a network of lymphatic vessels that carry lymph fluid towards the heart. Lymph contains plasma constituents too large to pass through blood capillaries, such as macroparticles from damaged areas. Lymphatic vessels originate as blind-ended tubes and contain valves to prevent backflow. They join to form larger vessels and ducts that drain into veins. Lymph nodes filter lymph and activate immune cells. Key lymphatic organs include the spleen, bone marrow, thymus gland and tonsils, which help generate and select lymphocytes.
Anatomy and physiology of the Urinary system by Dipali HarkhaniDipali Harkhani
The document summarizes the anatomy and physiology of the urinary system. It describes the main components of the urinary system as the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to produce urine, which travels through the ureters to the bladder. The bladder stores urine until urination, when urine exits through the urethra. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney that filters blood and modifies it into urine through processes of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.
The urinary system removes waste from the bloodstream through the kidneys, stores it in the bladder, and excretes it from the body through the urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to form urine, which travels through the ureters to the bladder. When full, the bladder contracts to expel urine through the urethra in a process called micturition. The kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra work together to maintain homeostasis by regulating waste removal, fluid balance, and blood pressure.
The document provides an overview of the respiratory system. It describes that respiration involves the intake of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide. It then discusses the different parts of the respiratory system including the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs and related structures. It also explains the processes of external respiration between the lungs and blood and internal respiration between blood and tissues. Finally, it summarizes the mechanisms and regulation of respiration in the body.
The urinary bladder is a musculomembranous sac located in the pelvis that acts as a reservoir for urine. The bladder expands upward into the abdomen as it fills with urine. The urethra begins at the base of the bladder and exits through the urethral orifice, differing in length and path between males and females. The bladder and urethra are supplied by nerves from the pelvic plexus and receive blood from the internal iliac arteries.
The genitourinary system, or urogenital system, are the organs of the reproductive system and the urinary system. These are grouped together because of their proximity to each other, their common embryological origin and the use of common pathways, like the male urethra.
Cardiovascular System, Heart, Blood Vessel, ECG, Hypertension, Arrhythmia Audumbar Mali
Cardiovascular System,
Human Anatomy and Physiology-I,
The Blood Vessels,
The Heart,
The Electrocardiogram,
The Vascular Pathways,
As per PCI syllabus,
Atherosclerosis,
Coronary bypass operation,
Heart Transplants and Artificial Hearts
The document provides information about the digestive system, including both the gastrointestinal tract and accessory digestive organs. It discusses the organs that make up the GI tract, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines. It also covers the accessory organs like the liver, gallbladder and pancreas. The document describes the processes of ingestion, digestion, absorption, and defecation. It provides histological details of the layers of the alimentary tract and details of individual digestive organs and their functions.
The kidney is bean-shaped and located retroperitoneally. It contains nephrons which filter blood to form urine. Each nephron contains a glomerulus for blood filtration and a tubule for urine transport. The kidneys also contain collecting ducts which drain urine from nephrons into the renal pelvis. Urine exits each kidney via the ureter and is stored in the bladder before exiting the body through the urethra.
The urinary system helps remove waste from the body through urine. It includes the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to form urine, which travels through the ureters to the bladder. In the bladder, urine is stored until emptying through the urethra. The kidneys contain nephrons, which filter blood and reabsorb useful components back into blood while secreting waste to form urine.
The lymphatic system carries fluid lost from capillaries back to the bloodstream through lymphatic vessels and ducts. It also transports fat and plays a major role in immunity. Lymph nodes along lymphatic pathways contain lymphocytes and macrophages that fight microbes. The tonsils, spleen, and thymus are lymphatic organs - the tonsils trap pathogens in the mouth and throat, the spleen filters the blood and destroys old red blood cells, and the thymus matures T cells that respond to foreign substances.
The urinary system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, a urinary bladder, and a urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to form urine. The ureters then carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. The bladder stores urine temporarily until urination. During urination, urine exits the body through the urethra. The basic functional unit of the kidney is the nephron, which filters blood to remove wastes and regulate fluid levels.
The document provides information about the urinary system and kidney anatomy and function. It discusses the main components of the urinary system including the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra. It describes the three main processes involved in urine formation: glomerular filtration, selective reabsorption and tubular secretion. Glomerular filtration filters blood in the kidneys to form an initial filtrate, which then undergoes selective reabsorption of useful substances and tubular secretion of waste, resulting in the final urine composition of mostly water and waste products like urea.
The document provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the urinary system. It describes the key components including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. It explains the functions of the kidneys in filtering waste and regulating fluid balance. It also details the structure and function of nephrons as the functional units of the kidney that form urine.
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to form urine. The urine travels from the kidneys down the ureters to the urinary bladder, where it is stored until urination. During urination, the bladder contracts and the urethra carries the urine out of the body. In addition to removing waste, the urinary system regulates fluid and electrolyte balance and blood pressure.
The document provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the urinary system. It describes the key components including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. It explains the functions of the kidneys in filtering waste and regulating fluid balance. It also details the nephron, the functional unit of the kidney, and how it produces urine through glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and secretion.
The lymphatic system is an important part of the circulatory system that helps transport fat, remove interstitial fluid and toxins, and supports the immune system. It is comprised of lymph fluid, vessels, and nodes. Lymph fluid is formed from fluid that leaves blood vessels and transports through lymph vessels to lymph nodes, which filter the lymph. Major lymphatic ducts then return filtered lymph to the bloodstream. The document discusses the key components and functions of the lymphatic system, as well as ways to keep it healthy through diet, exercise, stress reduction, and deep breathing.
The large intestine comes after the small intestine and measures approximately 1.5 meters. It absorbs water and nutrients from waste and protects the body from infections. The large intestine consists of the cecum, colon (ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid sections), rectum, and anal canal. It removes remaining water from digested food and stores waste until defecation through contractions that move waste to the rectum for elimination.
Urinary system || Human Anatomy And Physiology || B. Pharmacy || Science
Content
•Introduction
•Example
•Reaction
•Reference
Content
• Introduction
• Organs of urinary system
• Anatomy of Urinary Tract
• Anatomy of Kidney
• Anatomy of Nephron
• Functions of kidney
• Diseses of Kidney
Urinary System, Kidney, Nephron, Function of Kidney, Urinary System Disease, Process of urine formation- Glomerular Filtration, Re absorption, Secretion
Lecture 8 the cardiovascular system blood vessels and circulationNada G.Youssef
This document summarizes the cardiovascular system, including blood vessels and circulation. It describes the structure and function of arteries, veins, and capillaries. Arteries carry blood away from the heart, veins carry blood back to the heart, and capillaries allow for gas exchange. It also discusses blood pressure, pulse, circulatory routes including systemic and pulmonary circulation, and fetal circulation.
The lymphatic system is part of the circulatory system and immune system. It is composed of a network of lymphatic vessels that carry lymph fluid towards the heart. Lymph contains plasma constituents too large to pass through blood capillaries, such as macroparticles from damaged areas. Lymphatic vessels originate as blind-ended tubes and contain valves to prevent backflow. They join to form larger vessels and ducts that drain into veins. Lymph nodes filter lymph and activate immune cells. Key lymphatic organs include the spleen, bone marrow, thymus gland and tonsils, which help generate and select lymphocytes.
Anatomy and physiology of the Urinary system by Dipali HarkhaniDipali Harkhani
The document summarizes the anatomy and physiology of the urinary system. It describes the main components of the urinary system as the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to produce urine, which travels through the ureters to the bladder. The bladder stores urine until urination, when urine exits through the urethra. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney that filters blood and modifies it into urine through processes of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.
The urinary system removes waste from the bloodstream through the kidneys, stores it in the bladder, and excretes it from the body through the urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to form urine, which travels through the ureters to the bladder. When full, the bladder contracts to expel urine through the urethra in a process called micturition. The kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra work together to maintain homeostasis by regulating waste removal, fluid balance, and blood pressure.
The document provides an overview of the respiratory system. It describes that respiration involves the intake of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide. It then discusses the different parts of the respiratory system including the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs and related structures. It also explains the processes of external respiration between the lungs and blood and internal respiration between blood and tissues. Finally, it summarizes the mechanisms and regulation of respiration in the body.
The urinary bladder is a musculomembranous sac located in the pelvis that acts as a reservoir for urine. The bladder expands upward into the abdomen as it fills with urine. The urethra begins at the base of the bladder and exits through the urethral orifice, differing in length and path between males and females. The bladder and urethra are supplied by nerves from the pelvic plexus and receive blood from the internal iliac arteries.
The genitourinary system, or urogenital system, are the organs of the reproductive system and the urinary system. These are grouped together because of their proximity to each other, their common embryological origin and the use of common pathways, like the male urethra.
Cardiovascular System, Heart, Blood Vessel, ECG, Hypertension, Arrhythmia Audumbar Mali
Cardiovascular System,
Human Anatomy and Physiology-I,
The Blood Vessels,
The Heart,
The Electrocardiogram,
The Vascular Pathways,
As per PCI syllabus,
Atherosclerosis,
Coronary bypass operation,
Heart Transplants and Artificial Hearts
The document provides information about the digestive system, including both the gastrointestinal tract and accessory digestive organs. It discusses the organs that make up the GI tract, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines. It also covers the accessory organs like the liver, gallbladder and pancreas. The document describes the processes of ingestion, digestion, absorption, and defecation. It provides histological details of the layers of the alimentary tract and details of individual digestive organs and their functions.
The kidney is bean-shaped and located retroperitoneally. It contains nephrons which filter blood to form urine. Each nephron contains a glomerulus for blood filtration and a tubule for urine transport. The kidneys also contain collecting ducts which drain urine from nephrons into the renal pelvis. Urine exits each kidney via the ureter and is stored in the bladder before exiting the body through the urethra.
The urinary system helps remove waste from the body through urine. It includes the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to form urine, which travels through the ureters to the bladder. In the bladder, urine is stored until emptying through the urethra. The kidneys contain nephrons, which filter blood and reabsorb useful components back into blood while secreting waste to form urine.
The lymphatic system carries fluid lost from capillaries back to the bloodstream through lymphatic vessels and ducts. It also transports fat and plays a major role in immunity. Lymph nodes along lymphatic pathways contain lymphocytes and macrophages that fight microbes. The tonsils, spleen, and thymus are lymphatic organs - the tonsils trap pathogens in the mouth and throat, the spleen filters the blood and destroys old red blood cells, and the thymus matures T cells that respond to foreign substances.
The urinary system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, a urinary bladder, and a urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to form urine. The ureters then carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. The bladder stores urine temporarily until urination. During urination, urine exits the body through the urethra. The basic functional unit of the kidney is the nephron, which filters blood to remove wastes and regulate fluid levels.
The document provides information about the urinary system and kidney anatomy and function. It discusses the main components of the urinary system including the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra. It describes the three main processes involved in urine formation: glomerular filtration, selective reabsorption and tubular secretion. Glomerular filtration filters blood in the kidneys to form an initial filtrate, which then undergoes selective reabsorption of useful substances and tubular secretion of waste, resulting in the final urine composition of mostly water and waste products like urea.
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to produce urine. The urine passes through the ureters to the bladder, where it is stored until excretion through the urethra. The kidneys play a vital role in regulating water balance and electrolyte levels in the body by selectively reabsorbing needed substances and secreting waste through urine production. The urinary system works to maintain homeostasis in the body.
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter the blood and remove waste from the body in the form of urine. Urine passes from the kidneys through the ureters and is stored in the urinary bladder before being excreted through the urethra. The urinary system regulates fluid and electrolyte balance and removes waste to purify the blood.
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra and works to filter wastes from the bloodstream and excrete them from the body as urine. The kidneys contain nephrons that filter blood to remove wastes and regulate fluid balance. The ureters carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder, where it is stored until voiding through the urethra. Common diagnostic tests of the urinary system include urinalysis and catheterization, while urinary incontinence is the involuntary loss of bladder control that can have various causes.
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra and works to filter wastes from the bloodstream and excrete them from the body as urine. The kidneys contain nephrons that filter blood to remove wastes and regulate fluid balance. The ureters carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder, where it is stored until voiding through the urethra. Common diagnostic tests of the urinary system include urinalysis and catheterization, while urinary incontinence is the involuntary loss of bladder control that can have various causes.
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra and works to filter wastes from the bloodstream and excrete them from the body as urine. The kidneys contain nephrons that filter blood to remove wastes and regulate fluid balance. The ureters carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder, where it is stored until voiding through the urethra. Common diagnostic tests of the urinary system include urinalysis and catheterization, while urinary incontinence is the involuntary loss of bladder control that can have various causes.
The purifying system for blood.
Blood passes through the urinary system in order to be cleaned of toxins and poisons.
Organs of the urinary system include:
Kidneys – paired
Ureters – paired
Bladder – single
Urethra - single
Various waste products are formed in our body as a result of many
metabolic activities taking place inside the body. These waste substances if
accumulated would poison cells or slow down their metabolism. Hence, the body must
get rid of these unwanted substances.The metabolic wastes to be excreted include
CO2, H2O, fat, ammonia, urea and uric acid.
The nourishment coming from food that is simplified or processed by digestion is consumed by the blood and conveyed all through the body. When this absorbed food is broken down in the tissues and many toxic and poisonous substances are produced which should be removed as they may be fatal if present beyond a certain concentration. The removal of these substances is known as excretion. Excretion and osmoregulation, both are interconnected processes and occur side by side. in higher vertebrates like humans, kidneys perform both the functions, excretion as well as osmoregulation.The system responsible for these function is known as the excretory system or urinary system
these slides are prepared to understand Urinary system IN EASY WAY Important links- NOTES- https://mynursingstudents.blogspot.com/ youtube channel https://www.youtube.com/c/MYSTUDENTSU... CHANEL PLAYLIST- ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAPM3VTGVUXIeswKJ3XGaD2p COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAPyslPNdIJoVjiXEDTVEDzs CHILD HEALTH NURSING- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gANcslmv0DXg6BWmWN359Gvg FIRST AID- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAMvGqeqH2ZTklzFAZhOrvgP HCM- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAM7mZ1vZhQBHWbdLnLb-cH9 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAPFxu78NDLpGPaxEmK1fTao COMMUNICABLE DISEASES- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAOWo4IwNjLU_LCuhRN0ZLeb ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAPkI6LvfS8Zu1nm6mZi9FK6 MSN- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAOdyoHnDLAoR_o8M6ccqYBm HINDI ONLY- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAN4L-FJ3s_IEXgZCijGUA1A ENGLISH ONLY- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAMYv2a1hFcq4W1nBjTnRkHP facebook profile- https://www.facebook.com/suresh.kr.lrhs/ FACEBOOK PAGE- https://www.facebook.com/My-Student-S... facebook group NURSING NOTES- https://www.facebook.com/groups/24139... FOR MAKING EASY NOTES YOU CAN ALSO VISIT MY BLOG – BLOGGER- https://mynursingstudents.blogspot.com/ Instagram- https://www.instagram.com/mystudentsu... Twitter- https://twitter.com/student_system?s=08
#Nephrons, #kidney, #urine, #BORN,#ASSESSMENT, #APPEARENCE,#PULSE,#GRIMACE,#REFLEX,#RESPIRATION,#RESUSCITATION,#NEWBORN,#BABY,#VIRGINIA, #APGAR, #OXYGEN,#CYANOSIS,#OPTICNERVE, #SARACHNA,#MYSTUDENTSUPPORTSYSTEM, #rashes,#nursingclasses, #communityhealthnursing,#ANM, #GNM, #BSCNURING,#NURSINGSTUDENTS, #WHO,#NURSINGINSTITUTION,#COLLEGEOFNURSING,#nursingofficer,#COMMUNITYHEALTHOFFICER
What is Excretion ?, organ used, types of regulation, modes of excretion, explanation of each, human excretory system & function, kidney and its parts, mechanism of urine formation, Dialysis
The document summarizes the anatomy and composition of the urinary system. It describes the key components including the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. It then provides details on the internal and external anatomy of the kidneys, including the location of the kidneys and their internal structures like the cortex, medulla, renal pyramids, and nephrons. It also describes the layers, muscles, and sphincters of the ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. Finally, it focuses on the structures and function of the nephron, including Bowman's capsule and how it filters blood to form urine.
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood in the form of urine, which travels through the ureters to the bladder. The bladder stores urine until urination, when it is expelled through the urethra. The kidneys contain nephrons, which filter the blood and reabsorb necessary substances, producing urine that is collected and excreted.
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter the blood to remove waste and regulate electrolyte and fluid levels. The nephrons are the functional units of the kidneys that filter blood to form urine. Urine travels from the kidneys through the ureters to the bladder, where it is stored until excreted through the urethra. The urinary system regulates blood volume and pressure and removes waste from the body.
The excretory system removes waste from the body through various organs. The kidneys filter blood and produce urine, containing urea and other nitrogenous wastes, which travels through the ureters to the bladder. The lungs remove carbon dioxide, a waste of cellular respiration. The liver transforms toxic ammonia into urea and excretes bilirubin and other substances in bile. The large intestine and skin also play excretory roles by removing solid wastes and excess water and salts. Nephrons are the functional units of the kidney that filter blood and selectively reabsorb or secrete substances to regulate homeostasis.
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to form urine. Most of the filtered water and nutrients are reabsorbed, while waste products like urea remain. Hormones like ADH and aldosterone regulate water and electrolyte reabsorption. The urine is stored in the bladder and expelled through the urethra, removing waste from the body.
The document summarizes the structure and function of the urinary system. It describes how the kidneys filter waste from the blood to form urine, which then travels through the ureters to the bladder. The bladder stores urine temporarily before it is released through the urethra. Key components include the nephrons in the kidneys, which use filtration, reabsorption and secretion to regulate substances in urine. Investigative procedures for the urinary system are also outlined.
The document provides an overview of the human urinary system including its main components and functions. It discusses the anatomy and physiology of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to produce urine, which travels through the ureters to the bladder for storage. The bladder expels urine through the urethra under voluntary control. The document also describes urine composition and the processes of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion involved in urine formation in the nephrons of the kidneys.
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A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
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আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
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How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• By this end of this unit, you should be able to:
i. component organs of the urinary system;
ii. describe the structure and functions of the kidney;
iii. describe the structure of the ureter;
iv. describe the structure of the bladder;
v. describe the structure of the urethra and
vi. explain how urine is formed and its composition.
3. WORD STUDY
• The following words that are used in this unit that may be unfamiliar to you are:
Microscopic: something tiny or small that the naked eyes cannot see
Macroscopic: something that the ordinary eyes can see
Organs : are the structure in the system or the entire body
4. THE ORGANS OF THE
URINARY SYSTEM
The urinary system is one of the systems responsible for
the excretion of waste products from the body. The urinary
system consists of the organs that are responsible for the
production and the elimination of urine. They are:
1. two kidneys
2. two ureters
3. one urinary bladder
4. one urethra.
5. THE KIDNEY
The kidney is a bean - shaped organ that is located
at the back of the abdominal cavity, at the level of
the last thoracic and first 3 lumbar vertebrae i.e
above the waistline. They are usually two in number.
One on each side of the vertebral column. They are
covered by a pad of fat that serves as a protective
mechanism for the kidney against cold and injury.
Toward the midline border of the kidney is a concave
notch known as the hilium. This is the point that the
renal arteries enter the kidney while the renal veins,
ureters, nerves and lymphatic vessels leave the
kidney.
The kidneys are dark red in colour, Each is 11 cm (1
over in length, 5cm (2 in) in width and about 3cm 1
over in) thickness and weighs about 130 - 150 grams.
6. STRUCTURE OF THE KIDNEY
• The structure of the kidney is conveniently described in two parts,
namely macroscopic structure and microscopic structure.
• The macroscopic structure refers to parts of the kidney that can be
seen with the naked eye.
• The microscopic structure refers to parts of the kidney that can be
seen with the aid of a microscope.
7. MACROSCOPIC STRUCTURE OF THE KIDNEY
• The kidney has an outer capsule composed of fibrous tissue.
• The cortex is the superficial layer of the substance of the kidney,
situated immediately under the capsule
• The medulla is the deeper layer of the substance of the kidney
situated under the cortex. It consists of pyramids formed by
collecting tubules. The pyramids enter structures shaped like cups
called calyces (singular = calyx)
• The hilum which is the concave medial border through which
structures enter and leave.
8. MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE OF THE KIDNEY
The microscopic structure
of the kidney consists of
nephrons and collecting
tubule. These are the
functional units of the
kidney. A nephron consists
of the following parts:
• The glomerular capsule which is like a folded over structure forms a cup. It is composed of one
layer of epithelial cells. It encloses a bunch of blood capillaries called glomerulus. The
glomerular capsule used to be called Bowman's capsule
• From the glomerular capsule a tubule arises. The tubule is called the uriniferous tubule (a
tubule of the kidney that collects or conducts urine).
• The first part of the uriniferous tubule is called the proximal or first convoluted tubule. It is
called convoluted because it is twisted or winding.
• The next part of the tubule is called the loop of Henle. It consists of U - shaped loop
• The final part of the uriniferous tubule is called the distal or second convoluted tubule.
• The distal convoluted tubule is also twisted like the proximal convoluted tubule. Soon after this
twist it straightens out to join the collecting tubule
• The renal artery that supplies the kidney enters by the hilum of the kidney. The artery divides
into arterioles one arteriole enters each glomerulus as the afferent arteriole the divides to form
the glomerulus. The arteriole that leaves the glomerulus is called efferent arteriole.
9. FORMATION OF URINE
• Waste is excreted from the human body, mainly in the form of urine.
Our kidneys play a major role in the process of excretion.
Constituents of normal human urine include 95 percent water and 5
percent solid wastes. It is produced in the nephron, which is the
structural and functional unit of the kidney. Urine formation in our
body is mainly carried out in three phases namely
1. Filtration
2. Reabsorption
3. Secretion
10. • Filtration occurs in the glomerulus where blood is filtered. This process occurs across the three layers-
epithelium of Bowman’s capsule, endothelium of glomerular blood vessels, and a membrane between these two
layers.
• Blood is filtered in such a way that all the constituents of the plasma reach the Bowman’s capsule, except
proteins. Therefore, this process is known as ultrafiltration.
•Around 99 percent of the filtrate obtained is reabsorbed by the renal tubules. This is known as
reabsorption. This is achieved by active and passive transport.
• The next step in urine formation is the tubular secretion. Here, tubular cells secrete substances like
hydrogen ion, potassium ion, etc into the filtrate. By this process, the ionic, acid-base and the balance
of other body fluids are maintained. The secreted ions combine with the filtrate and form urine. The
urine passes out of the nephron tubule into a collecting duct.
Urine
•The urine produced is 95% water and 5% nitrogenous wastes. Wastes such as urea, ammonia,
creatinine are excreted in the urine. Apart from these, the potassium, sodium and calcium ions
are also excreted.
11. FUNCTIONS OF THE KIDNEY
The main function of
the kidney is
formation of urine.
Other functions are
also accomplished
through the
formation of urine
Maintenance of
water balance. When
water intake is
increased,
especially when the
body is not
sweating, urinary
output is increased
so as to keep the
body fluid in
balance.
Maintenance of
alkalinity of blood.
When much of the
substances, such as
protein, that can
make blood acid are
eaten, the kidney
will allow the excess
to leave the body
through the urine.
Such substances are
as a result secreted
into the tubule to be
removed along with
urine.
Maintenance of
osmotic pressure of
blood. When the
osmotic pressure of
blood is high , the
tubules will reabsorb
more water into the
blood so as to dilute
the blood and
reduce the osmotic
pressure
Electrolyte balance
in the body. Sodium
and potassium is the
most common
electrolytes involved
in body processes.
The body will
remove which ever
is in excess through
the urine.
12. The ureters consist of two narrow tubes about 25cm
long and 3mm in diameter. Each one extends from the
pelvis of one kidney to the base of the urinary bladder.
URETERS
The function of the ureters is to convey urine from the
kidney to the bladder by means of peristaltic action.
The structure consists of three coats
1. Outer layer composed of fibrous tissue
2. Middle layer composed of muscle tissue and
3. Innermost layer composed of mucous membrane
13. URINARY BLADDER
The urinary bladder is a hollow muscular organ. It is
situated in the pelvic cavity. It can hold between 300mls
and 700 mls of fluid
FUNCTIONS OF THE BLADDER
The bladder is a temporary reservoir for urine
It takes part in discharge of urine. When urine is to be discharged, the urethral opening
opens. The muscle of the bladder contract to discharge the urine.
The structure of the urinary bladder consists of three layers of
tissue
Outer layer of peritoneum which covers only the top of the
bladder
Middle layer of muscle tissue. The muscle is capable of
distension. The muscle fibres are arranged in bars at the base of
the bladder to enclose a triangular area called the trigon.
The innermost layer is composed of mucous membrane the
mucous membrane is arranged in folds except at the trigon
where it is smooth. The trigon is a triangular smooth area
situated at the base of the urinary bladder. The angles are
formed by the two ureteric openings, through which the ureters
enter the bladder, and the urethral opening which enters the
urethra.
14. The urethra is a narrow canal which extends from the base of the bladder to the
exterior or outside.
The female urethra is only about 4cm long but the male urethra is about 15cm long. In
addition, the male urethra is a common path way for urine and semen from the
reproductive system.
URETHRA
The function of the urethra is to convey urine
from the bladder to the exterior or outside.
The structure consists of three layers as follows:
1. Outer layer composed of muscle
2. Middle layer composed of vascular connective tissue and
3. Inner layer of mucous membrane
15. SUMMARY
Urinary system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, one urinary bladder,
and one urethra.
The structure of the kidney consists of macroscopic and microscopic
structure.
The macroscopic structure consists of renal capsule, cortex and medulla
The microscopic structures consist of nephrons.
Formation of urine occurs in three phases simple: filtration, selective
reabsorption, and secretion.
In addition to urine formation, the kidneys maintain water balance
alkalinity of blood, osmotic pressure of blood and electrolyte balance
The ureters convey urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
The urinary bladder is a temporary reservoir for urine, and takes part in
discharge of urine.
The urethra discharge urine from the bladder to the exterior.
The male urethra conveys both urine and semen from reproductive
system.