The document discusses anatomical landmarks that are visible on radiographs of the teeth and jaws. It describes radiolucent and radiopaque structures of the tooth and surrounding bone, including the pulp, periodontal ligament space, enamel, dentin, cementum, lamina dura, alveolar bone and crest. It also lists radiolucent and radiopaque landmarks of the maxilla and mandible, such as the maxillary sinus, nasal fossa, mandibular canal, mental foramen and rami. The document is intended to familiarize dental students with normal anatomical structures seen on dental radiographs.

1. RADIOGRAPHIC ANATOMIC LANDMARKS
TOOTH AND ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES

2. REFERENCES
White and Pharaoh , Oral Radiology Principles and Interpretation
Ongole and Praveen, Clinical Manual for Oral Medicine and Radiology
Radiographs given in the material are anatomically correct, not always constant for
clinical situations because people are not always the same.
ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS, TOOTH AND ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES, SUNDARAM, III BDS, TMDC&H

3. R/F OF TOOTH
RADIOLUCENT
1. PULP.
2. PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT SPACE.
3. BONE MARROW SPACE.
4. NUTRIENT CANALS.
RADIOPAQUE
1. ENAMEL.
2. DENTIN.
3. CEMENTUM.
4. LAMINA DURA.
5. ALVEOLAR CREST.
6. ALVEOLAR BONE.
ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS, TOOTH AND ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES, SUNDARAM, III BDS, TMDC&H

4. RADIOLUCENT STRUCTURES
MAXILLA
1. INCISIVE FORAMEN.
2. INTERMAXILLARY SUTURE.
3. NASAL FOSSA.
4. LATERAL FOSSA.
5. MAXILLARY SINUS.
6. OPENING OF NASOLACRIMAL DUCT.
MANDIBLE
1. MANDIBULAR CANAL.
2. MENTAL FORAMEN.
3. LINGUAL FORAMEN.
4. NUTRIENT CANALS.
5. SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND FOSSA.
ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS, TOOTH AND ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES, SUNDARAM, III BDS, TMDC&H

5. RADIOPAQUE STRUCTURES
MAXILLA
1. NASAL SEPTUM.
2. ANTERIOR NASAL SPINE.
3. INVERTED Y OF YENIS.
4. ZYGOMATIC PROCESS OF MAXILLA.
5. MAXILLARY TUBEROSITY.
6. HAMULAR PROCESS.
7. PTERYGOID PLATES.
8. CORONOID PROCESS OF MANDIBLE.
9. TIP OF NOSE.
10. NASOLABIAL FOLD.
MANDIBLE
1. EXTERNAL OBLIQUE RIDGE.
2. MYLOHYOID RIDGE.
3. MENTAL RIDGE.
4. LOWER BORDER OF MANDIBLE.
5. GENIAL SPINES.
6. SYMPHYSIS.
ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS, TOOTH AND ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES, SUNDARAM, III BDS, TMDC&H

6. ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS, TOOTH AND ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES, SUNDARAM, III BDS, TMDC&H

7. ROOT CANAL
AND
APICAL FORAMEN
LAMINA DURA
ALVEOLAR CREST
ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS, TOOTH AND ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES, SUNDARAM, III BDS, TMDC&H

8. CANCELLOUS BONE
ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS, TOOTH AND ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES, SUNDARAM, III BDS, TMDC&H

9. PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT SPACE
ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS, TOOTH AND ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES, SUNDARAM, III BDS, TMDC&H

10. INTERMAXILLARY SUTURE (A,B) ANTERIOR NASAL SPINE(C)
A B C
ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS, TOOTH AND ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES, SUNDARAM, III BDS, TMDC&H

11. A B
(A) NASAL SEPTUM (B) ANTERIOR FLOOR OF NASAL FOSSA
ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS, TOOTH AND ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES, SUNDARAM, III BDS, TMDC&H

12. ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS, TOOTH AND ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES, SUNDARAM, III BDS, TMDC&H

13. LATERAL FOSSA INVERTED ‘Y’ OF YENTIS
ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS, TOOTH AND ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES, SUNDARAM, III BDS, TMDC&H

14. OPENING OF NASOLACRIMAL CANAL
ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS, TOOTH AND ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES, SUNDARAM, III BDS, TMDC&H

15. ZYGOMATIC PROCESS OF MAXILLA
ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS, TOOTH AND ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES, SUNDARAM, III BDS, TMDC&H

16. PTERYGOID PLATES HAMULAR PROCESS MAXILLARY TUBEROSITY
ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS, TOOTH AND ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES, SUNDARAM, III BDS, TMDC&H

17. FLOOR OF MAXILLARY SINUS
ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS, TOOTH AND ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES, SUNDARAM, III BDS, TMDC&H

18. ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS, TOOTH AND ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES, SUNDARAM, III BDS, TMDC&H

19. ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS, TOOTH AND ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES, SUNDARAM, III BDS, TMDC&H

20. ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS, TOOTH AND ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES, SUNDARAM, III BDS, TMDC&H

21. ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS, TOOTH AND ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES, SUNDARAM, III BDS, TMDC&H

22. ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS, TOOTH AND ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES, SUNDARAM, III BDS, TMDC&H

23. (B)(A)
(C) (D)
(A,B) NUTRIENT CANALS (C,D) MENTAL FORAMEN
ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS, TOOTH AND ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES, SUNDARAM, III BDS, TMDC&H

24. ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS, TOOTH AND ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES, SUNDARAM, III BDS, TMDC&H

25. (A)
(B)
(C)
(A) LINGUAL FORAMEN (B,C) GENIAL TUBERCLES
ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS, TOOTH AND ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES, SUNDARAM, III BDS, TMDC&H