Presented on November 13, 2012 at the 2012 PISCES Conference in Waikoloa, Hawaii. Summarizes the research projects I carried out on two analog Mars missions in 2009 and 2010 and looks forward to new analog research in Hawaii.
In Situ Geophysical Exploration by Humans in Mars Analog EnvironmentsBrian Shiro
Presented on May 13, 2010 at the University of North Dakota's 997 symposium. Summarizes the research projects I carried out on two analog Mars missions in 2009 and 2010.
American Astronautical Society, Astronauts and Robots: Partners in Space Exploration, May 12-13, 2015 - http://astronautical.org/event/astronauts-robots
American Astronautical Society, Astronauts and Robots: Partners in Space Exploration, May 12-13, 2015 - http://astronautical.org/event/astronauts-robots
ILOA Galaxy Forum Hawaii 2014 -- Waimea -- Phil MerrellILOAHawaii
The International Lunar Observatory Association (ILOA) is a non-profit organization incorporated in Hawaii that aims to advance human understanding of the cosmos through astronomical observation from the Moon, including studying galaxies, searching for exoplanets and signs of life, as well as coordinating education initiatives like the Galaxy Forum to increase global awareness of galaxy science. ILOA has collaborated with China on lunar missions and plans its own ILO series of lunar orbital and surface missions beginning in 2013 to establish an observatory on the Moon's south pole.
American Astronautical Society, Astronauts and Robots: Partners in Space Exploration, May 12-13, 2015 - http://astronautical.org/event/astronauts-robots
ILOA Galaxy Forum Canada 2015 - Paul HicksonILOAHawaii
-- Large optical telescopes on the Moon – Paul Hickson, Professor, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia.
The Moon offers some unique advantages for future very-large optical telescopes. The airless environment, slow lunar rotation and precession would enable a zenith-pointing telescope, located near one of the lunar poles, to survey a large region of sky and study the epoch of galaxy formation. I will present results from a recent NASA/CSA study that considered the feasibility of lunar liquid-mirror telescopes having apertures in the 20 to 100 metre range.
ILOA Galaxy Forum Hawaii 2015 -- R. Pierre Martin and Steve DurstILOAHawaii
This document discusses the potential for conducting extragalactic astronomy from the lunar surface. It notes that over 100 billion galaxies exist in the universe and outlines some key questions about how galaxies form and evolve. Observational requirements for studying galaxies include low background noise, access to multiple wavelengths, and the ability to conduct long-term monitoring. The lunar surface provides these advantages with its darkness and stability. The document describes how the Lunar Ultraviolet Telescope (LUT) aboard the Chinese Chang'e 3 mission successfully imaged the nearby galaxy M101, demonstrating the feasibility of astronomy from the Moon. It concludes that while still in early stages, lunar astronomy could enable studies difficult to conduct elsewhere and warrants further exploration.
In Situ Geophysical Exploration by Humans in Mars Analog EnvironmentsBrian Shiro
Presented on May 13, 2010 at the University of North Dakota's 997 symposium. Summarizes the research projects I carried out on two analog Mars missions in 2009 and 2010.
American Astronautical Society, Astronauts and Robots: Partners in Space Exploration, May 12-13, 2015 - http://astronautical.org/event/astronauts-robots
American Astronautical Society, Astronauts and Robots: Partners in Space Exploration, May 12-13, 2015 - http://astronautical.org/event/astronauts-robots
ILOA Galaxy Forum Hawaii 2014 -- Waimea -- Phil MerrellILOAHawaii
The International Lunar Observatory Association (ILOA) is a non-profit organization incorporated in Hawaii that aims to advance human understanding of the cosmos through astronomical observation from the Moon, including studying galaxies, searching for exoplanets and signs of life, as well as coordinating education initiatives like the Galaxy Forum to increase global awareness of galaxy science. ILOA has collaborated with China on lunar missions and plans its own ILO series of lunar orbital and surface missions beginning in 2013 to establish an observatory on the Moon's south pole.
American Astronautical Society, Astronauts and Robots: Partners in Space Exploration, May 12-13, 2015 - http://astronautical.org/event/astronauts-robots
ILOA Galaxy Forum Canada 2015 - Paul HicksonILOAHawaii
-- Large optical telescopes on the Moon – Paul Hickson, Professor, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia.
The Moon offers some unique advantages for future very-large optical telescopes. The airless environment, slow lunar rotation and precession would enable a zenith-pointing telescope, located near one of the lunar poles, to survey a large region of sky and study the epoch of galaxy formation. I will present results from a recent NASA/CSA study that considered the feasibility of lunar liquid-mirror telescopes having apertures in the 20 to 100 metre range.
ILOA Galaxy Forum Hawaii 2015 -- R. Pierre Martin and Steve DurstILOAHawaii
This document discusses the potential for conducting extragalactic astronomy from the lunar surface. It notes that over 100 billion galaxies exist in the universe and outlines some key questions about how galaxies form and evolve. Observational requirements for studying galaxies include low background noise, access to multiple wavelengths, and the ability to conduct long-term monitoring. The lunar surface provides these advantages with its darkness and stability. The document describes how the Lunar Ultraviolet Telescope (LUT) aboard the Chinese Chang'e 3 mission successfully imaged the nearby galaxy M101, demonstrating the feasibility of astronomy from the Moon. It concludes that while still in early stages, lunar astronomy could enable studies difficult to conduct elsewhere and warrants further exploration.
Hufenback,bernhard isecg ger hufenbach pmc v2NASAPMC
The document outlines the purpose and strategy of the Global Exploration Roadmap (GER) created by the International Space Exploration Coordination Group (ISECG). The GER aims to establish a framework for international cooperation and coordination on long-term human exploration of the solar system with the goal of sending humans to Mars. It proposes a step-wise expansion of human presence from the International Space Station to destinations like the Moon, asteroids, and a deep space habitat at the Earth-Moon Lagrange point, ultimately enabling crewed missions to the surface of Mars. The GER also identifies common goals and strategic principles to guide exploration and ensure the roadmap is technically feasible and affordable.
ILOA Galaxy Forum Hawaii 2014 -- Phil Merrell on Galaxy Education, Exploratio...ILOAHawaii
ILOA is an interglobal enterprise incorporated in Hawaii as a 501(c)(3) non-profit to expand human knowledge of the Cosmos through observation from our Moon and to participate in internationally cooperative lunar base build-out, with Aloha – the spirit of Hawai`i. The ILOA co-sponsors with its Space Age Publishing Company affiliate an international series of Galaxy Forums to advance 21st Century Education. Galaxy Forums, designed to provide greater global awareness, capabilities and action in Galaxy science, exploration and enterprise, are held in Hawaii, Silicon Valley, Canada, China, India, Japan, Europe, Africa, Chile, Brazil, Southeast Asia, Kansas and New York. Current plans are for expansion to Antarctica and beyond.
Schmidt Ocean Institute 2018 Annual ReportEric King
This document summarizes the work of the Schmidt Ocean Institute (SOI) from 2013-2018. It details SOI's use of robotic technologies like autonomous underwater vehicles and remotely operated vehicles to conduct ocean research and conservation efforts. Some key accomplishments include mapping large areas of seafloor, collecting environmental samples, tagging and tracking white sharks, and making terabytes of scientific data available online. The document demonstrates how SOI has furthered ocean exploration through technological innovation and collaboration.
This document discusses the use of remote sensing techniques in archaeology. It begins with an introduction to archaeology and how remote sensing provides a non-destructive method to map large areas. The document then reviews literature on previous studies applying remote sensing. Two case studies are described in detail: one uses satellite imagery to detect enclosure walls at archaeological sites in India, and another uses airborne sensors to identify buried structures in Scotland. Overall, the document demonstrates how remote sensing can be used to detect archaeological features and sites.
ILOA Galaxy Forum Hawaii 2014 -- Melissa Adams on Hawaii as Planetary AnalogILOAHawaii
ILOA is an interglobal enterprise incorporated in Hawaii as a 501(c)(3) non-profit to expand human knowledge of the Cosmos through observation from our Moon and to participate in internationally cooperative lunar base build-out, with Aloha – the spirit of Hawai`i. The ILOA co-sponsors with its Space Age Publishing Company affiliate an international series of Galaxy Forums to advance 21st Century Education. Galaxy Forums, designed to provide greater global awareness, capabilities and action in Galaxy science, exploration and enterprise, are held in Hawaii, Silicon Valley, Canada, China, India, Japan, Europe, Africa, Chile, Brazil, Southeast Asia, Kansas and New York. Current plans are for expansion to Antarctica and beyond.
ABS LLC on conference 2019.
INNOVATIVE INDEPENDENT PROFESSIONAL SOLUTIONS.
ABS is a specialized independent services company constituted to provide worldwide support capabilities for our international clients.
IOA Galaxy Forum Japan 2014 -- Steve DurstILOAHawaii
Galaxy Forum Japan 2014 - Tokyo
Saturday 13 December 2014 (2-5pm) @ Cosmos Building, NAOJ Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
Galaxy Forum returns to the Land of the Rising Sun, one of the world's 6 major space faring powers, Japan. ILOA collaboration with the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency JAXA and the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan NAOJ, to advance Galaxy 21st Century Education continues this year at the Cosmos Building kindly provided by NAOJ at the Mitaka Campus.
International Lunar Observatory Association (ILOA) is an interglobal enterprise incorporated in Hawaii as a 501(c)(3) non-profit to expand human knowledge of the Cosmos through observation from our Moon and to participate in internationally cooperative lunar base build-out, with Aloha – the spirit of Hawai`i. The ILOA co-sponsors with its Space Age Publishing Company affiliate an international series of Galaxy Forums to advance 21st Century Education. Galaxy Forums, designed to provide greater global awareness, capabilities and action in Galaxy science, exploration and enterprise, are held in Hawaii, Silicon Valley, Canada, China, India, Japan, Europe, Africa, Chile, Brazil, Southeast Asia, Kansas and New York. Current plans are for expansion to Antarctica and beyond.
This document discusses how satellite observations over the past 50 years have revolutionized the field of earth sciences. It describes how early satellite missions taught scientists not only about the earth but how to improve satellite technology. Precise measurements from satellites have enabled major advances in understanding plate tectonics, topography, seismology and more. The ubiquity of GPS has provided vital data on phenomena like sea level change, earthquakes and volcanoes. Open data policies have maximized the benefits of earth observations.
This presentation provides a brief introduction to the seismic data, teleseismic migration imaging method, and preliminary imaging results/interpretation that would later form the basis of Chapter 2 of my Ph.D. thesis. It was given in 2010 at the SSA meeting in Portland, OR, and won a Student Presentation Award. The final versions of the images and details of their interpretation are available in Pearce et al., JGR 2012 and Chapter 2 of my Ph.D. thesis (see LinkedIn profile for references).
Space technology has many applications including space archaeology, spacecraft navigation, meteorology, space colonization, satellite technologies, military satellites, reconnaissance satellites, communications satellites, geosynchronous satellites, satellite imaging, and disaster management. Some key uses of space technology are for communication satellites, GPS navigation, weather and climate monitoring, earth observation, urban planning, agriculture, forestry, mining, environmental monitoring, and more. Space-based technologies are increasingly important for areas like disaster response, resource management, and supporting economic growth.
This document summarizes observations of the exoplanet HD 189733b taken with Chandra and XMM-Newton telescopes. The observations detected X-ray emissions from both the planet-hosting star HD 189733A and its companion star HD 189733B. A transit of HD 189733b in front of its star was detected in soft X-rays, with a transit depth of 6-8% compared to 2.41% in the optical. This is interpreted as evidence for an extended atmosphere around the planet that is opaque to X-rays but transparent at optical wavelengths. The magnetic activity of the companion star HD 189733B was also found to be inconsistent with the activity of the planet-hosting star, possibly due to
Foing vienna astromoon galaxy forum 18 sept 2020ILOAHawaii
This document discusses astronomy projects from the Moon including:
1) Robotic telescopes could observe from the Moon in all wavelengths without atmospheric interference and study the solar system.
2) The ExoGeoLab project developed a lunar lander and remote-controlled telescope to demonstrate astronomy and remote supervision from the Moon.
3) Upcoming projects include the Chang'E 3 telescope on the Moon, radio astronomy from orbiters and small landers, and future observatories at human outposts. Liquid mirror telescopes are also proposed to take advantage of the Moon's environment.
Hydrogeological Application of Refraction Seismicsiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) multidisciplinary peer-reviewed Journal with reputable academics and experts as board member. IOSR-JESTFT is designed for the prompt publication of peer-reviewed articles in all areas of subject. The journal articles will be accessed freely online.
1) The document proposes using a spacecraft to deflect threatening asteroids via gravitational towing without physical attachment. The spacecraft would hover above the asteroid's surface, using outward-angled thrusters to pull it via gravity without disturbing the surface.
2) A 20-ton spacecraft with 1N of thrust could deflect a typical 200m asteroid over 20 years. For an asteroid like 99942 Apophis, a close Earth approach in 2029 could be influenced with just 0.1N of thrust for a month, preventing a possible later impact.
3) Gravitational towing is insensitive to the asteroid's properties and rotation, and allows controllable deflection as needed to protect Earth.
The document discusses evidence that supports the existence of ancient supercontinents. It describes geological studies in Africa that have found similarities in rock formations and drainage patterns across the continent, indicating the landmasses were once joined. Specifically, research on the African Rift Valley has uncovered matching volcanic rocks and river systems on either side of the rift that align with the theory of continental drift. Additionally, the same alkaline rock formations found in Africa are also seen in the boundaries of other ancient continents like Greenland and India, providing further evidence they were once attached as part of a supercontinent.
ILOA Galaxy Forum Canada 2014 - Bernard Foing - Moon South Pole ExplorationILOAHawaii
Galaxy Forum Canada 2014, with the theme “Moon South Pole and Human Missions: Giant Steps into the Galaxy” was held in conjunction with the 65th International Astronautical Congress at the Metro Toronto Convention Centre in Ontario, Canada. Thousands of scientists, engineers and experts from around the world gather to explore the latest achievements, innovations and ambitions of worldwide space agencies, industries and enterprises.
The Moon’s South Pole is as exciting and enriching a new frontier as humans on Mars or trillion dollar asteroids, and much closer in time and space.
The distinguished international, national and independent experts assembled for the event consider how robotic missions 2016-2018 can function as precursors to Human Moon missions in the 2020s. A fusion of astrophysics and astronautics, the ILOA Galaxy Forum will preview upcoming Luna missions and priorities of major spacefaring powers China, India, Russia, USA, Europe and Japan, as well as Canada, Korea and others; and of the remarkable enterprises at the forefront of the commercial Lunar Renaissance.
The International Astronautical Federation (IAF) is an official co-sponsor for Galaxy Forum Canada 2014 and is providing a plenary hall at the IAC venue for the event.
Galaxy Forums are free and open to the general public. More information about the program will be available soon. If you have any questions, please contact info@iloa.org.
The document describes research on using dense medium scattering models for sea ice thickness retrieval from remote sensing data. It discusses the development of the Dense Medium Phase and Amplitude Correction Theory (DM-PACT) model to improve modeling of electromagnetic scattering in dense media like sea ice. Inverse models were developed using DM-PACT and radiative transfer theory to retrieve sea ice thickness from synthetic aperture radar and passive microwave satellite observations, including a Radiative Transfer Inverse Scattering Model and approaches using neural networks and genetic algorithms. Field experiments were conducted in Antarctica to validate the forward and inverse models.
The Global Surveyor mission orbited Mars with the objectives of obtaining high resolution images of the surface, studying the topography and gravity, and investigating the role of water and climate on Mars. It carried instruments like the Mars Orbiter Camera and Thermal Emission Spectrometer that provided evidence of liquid water on the surface in the past and identified the volcanic rock composition of most of the surface. The mission advanced understanding of Mars through identifying a global dichotomy in topography and remnants of a magnetic field.
Solar system as a radio telescope by the formation of virtual lenses above an...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Galaxy Forum Hawaii 2014 - Waimea -- Melissa AdamsILOAHawaii
Galaxy Forum Hawaii 2014 – Waimea
Wednesday 19 November 2014 (4:30 – 6:30pm) @ Anna Ranch, Kamuela, Hawaii
This event is free and open to the public, but space is limited.
ILOA is an interglobal enterprise incorporated in Hawaii as a 501(c)(3) non-profit to expand human knowledge of the Cosmos through observation from our Moon and to participate in internationally cooperative lunar base build-out, with Aloha – the spirit of Hawai`i. The ILOA co-sponsors with its Space Age Publishing Company affiliate an international series of Galaxy Forums to advance 21st Century Education. Galaxy Forums, designed to provide greater global awareness, capabilities and action in Galaxy science, exploration and enterprise, are held in Hawaii, Silicon Valley, Canada, China, India, Japan, Europe, Africa, Chile, Brazil, Southeast Asia, Kansas and New York. Current plans are for expansion to Antarctica and beyond.
Cave habitation on Mars could enable an initial human settlement by providing natural protection from radiation and hazards in the Martian environment. The document discusses assessing cave habitation by analyzing the feasibility, engineering challenges, social impacts, and international cooperation required. It suggests lava tubes could serve as shelters, with stable temperatures and low radiation levels inside. Remote sensing would first need to detect caves to identify potential sites, before robotic and human missions could explore the caves in more detail.
Detection of intact lava tubes at Marius Hills on the Moon by SELENE (Kaguya)...Sérgio Sacani
Intact lunar lava tubes offer a pristine environment to conduct scientific examination of the Moon’s composition and potentially serve as secure shelters for humans and instruments. We investigated the SELENE Lunar Radar Sounder (LRS) data at locations close to the Marius Hills Hole (MHH), a skylight potentially leading to an intact lava tube, and found a distinctive echo pattern exhibiting a precipitous decrease in echo power, subsequently followed by a large second echo peak that may be evidence for the existence of a lava tube. The search area was further expanded to 13.00–15.005°N, 301.85–304.01°E around the MHH and similar LRS echo patterns were observed at several locations. Most of the locations are in regions of underground mass deficit suggested by GRAIL gravity data analysis. Some of the observed echo patterns are along rille A, where the MHH was discovered, or on the southwest underground extension of the rille.
Hufenback,bernhard isecg ger hufenbach pmc v2NASAPMC
The document outlines the purpose and strategy of the Global Exploration Roadmap (GER) created by the International Space Exploration Coordination Group (ISECG). The GER aims to establish a framework for international cooperation and coordination on long-term human exploration of the solar system with the goal of sending humans to Mars. It proposes a step-wise expansion of human presence from the International Space Station to destinations like the Moon, asteroids, and a deep space habitat at the Earth-Moon Lagrange point, ultimately enabling crewed missions to the surface of Mars. The GER also identifies common goals and strategic principles to guide exploration and ensure the roadmap is technically feasible and affordable.
ILOA Galaxy Forum Hawaii 2014 -- Phil Merrell on Galaxy Education, Exploratio...ILOAHawaii
ILOA is an interglobal enterprise incorporated in Hawaii as a 501(c)(3) non-profit to expand human knowledge of the Cosmos through observation from our Moon and to participate in internationally cooperative lunar base build-out, with Aloha – the spirit of Hawai`i. The ILOA co-sponsors with its Space Age Publishing Company affiliate an international series of Galaxy Forums to advance 21st Century Education. Galaxy Forums, designed to provide greater global awareness, capabilities and action in Galaxy science, exploration and enterprise, are held in Hawaii, Silicon Valley, Canada, China, India, Japan, Europe, Africa, Chile, Brazil, Southeast Asia, Kansas and New York. Current plans are for expansion to Antarctica and beyond.
Schmidt Ocean Institute 2018 Annual ReportEric King
This document summarizes the work of the Schmidt Ocean Institute (SOI) from 2013-2018. It details SOI's use of robotic technologies like autonomous underwater vehicles and remotely operated vehicles to conduct ocean research and conservation efforts. Some key accomplishments include mapping large areas of seafloor, collecting environmental samples, tagging and tracking white sharks, and making terabytes of scientific data available online. The document demonstrates how SOI has furthered ocean exploration through technological innovation and collaboration.
This document discusses the use of remote sensing techniques in archaeology. It begins with an introduction to archaeology and how remote sensing provides a non-destructive method to map large areas. The document then reviews literature on previous studies applying remote sensing. Two case studies are described in detail: one uses satellite imagery to detect enclosure walls at archaeological sites in India, and another uses airborne sensors to identify buried structures in Scotland. Overall, the document demonstrates how remote sensing can be used to detect archaeological features and sites.
ILOA Galaxy Forum Hawaii 2014 -- Melissa Adams on Hawaii as Planetary AnalogILOAHawaii
ILOA is an interglobal enterprise incorporated in Hawaii as a 501(c)(3) non-profit to expand human knowledge of the Cosmos through observation from our Moon and to participate in internationally cooperative lunar base build-out, with Aloha – the spirit of Hawai`i. The ILOA co-sponsors with its Space Age Publishing Company affiliate an international series of Galaxy Forums to advance 21st Century Education. Galaxy Forums, designed to provide greater global awareness, capabilities and action in Galaxy science, exploration and enterprise, are held in Hawaii, Silicon Valley, Canada, China, India, Japan, Europe, Africa, Chile, Brazil, Southeast Asia, Kansas and New York. Current plans are for expansion to Antarctica and beyond.
ABS LLC on conference 2019.
INNOVATIVE INDEPENDENT PROFESSIONAL SOLUTIONS.
ABS is a specialized independent services company constituted to provide worldwide support capabilities for our international clients.
IOA Galaxy Forum Japan 2014 -- Steve DurstILOAHawaii
Galaxy Forum Japan 2014 - Tokyo
Saturday 13 December 2014 (2-5pm) @ Cosmos Building, NAOJ Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
Galaxy Forum returns to the Land of the Rising Sun, one of the world's 6 major space faring powers, Japan. ILOA collaboration with the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency JAXA and the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan NAOJ, to advance Galaxy 21st Century Education continues this year at the Cosmos Building kindly provided by NAOJ at the Mitaka Campus.
International Lunar Observatory Association (ILOA) is an interglobal enterprise incorporated in Hawaii as a 501(c)(3) non-profit to expand human knowledge of the Cosmos through observation from our Moon and to participate in internationally cooperative lunar base build-out, with Aloha – the spirit of Hawai`i. The ILOA co-sponsors with its Space Age Publishing Company affiliate an international series of Galaxy Forums to advance 21st Century Education. Galaxy Forums, designed to provide greater global awareness, capabilities and action in Galaxy science, exploration and enterprise, are held in Hawaii, Silicon Valley, Canada, China, India, Japan, Europe, Africa, Chile, Brazil, Southeast Asia, Kansas and New York. Current plans are for expansion to Antarctica and beyond.
This document discusses how satellite observations over the past 50 years have revolutionized the field of earth sciences. It describes how early satellite missions taught scientists not only about the earth but how to improve satellite technology. Precise measurements from satellites have enabled major advances in understanding plate tectonics, topography, seismology and more. The ubiquity of GPS has provided vital data on phenomena like sea level change, earthquakes and volcanoes. Open data policies have maximized the benefits of earth observations.
This presentation provides a brief introduction to the seismic data, teleseismic migration imaging method, and preliminary imaging results/interpretation that would later form the basis of Chapter 2 of my Ph.D. thesis. It was given in 2010 at the SSA meeting in Portland, OR, and won a Student Presentation Award. The final versions of the images and details of their interpretation are available in Pearce et al., JGR 2012 and Chapter 2 of my Ph.D. thesis (see LinkedIn profile for references).
Space technology has many applications including space archaeology, spacecraft navigation, meteorology, space colonization, satellite technologies, military satellites, reconnaissance satellites, communications satellites, geosynchronous satellites, satellite imaging, and disaster management. Some key uses of space technology are for communication satellites, GPS navigation, weather and climate monitoring, earth observation, urban planning, agriculture, forestry, mining, environmental monitoring, and more. Space-based technologies are increasingly important for areas like disaster response, resource management, and supporting economic growth.
This document summarizes observations of the exoplanet HD 189733b taken with Chandra and XMM-Newton telescopes. The observations detected X-ray emissions from both the planet-hosting star HD 189733A and its companion star HD 189733B. A transit of HD 189733b in front of its star was detected in soft X-rays, with a transit depth of 6-8% compared to 2.41% in the optical. This is interpreted as evidence for an extended atmosphere around the planet that is opaque to X-rays but transparent at optical wavelengths. The magnetic activity of the companion star HD 189733B was also found to be inconsistent with the activity of the planet-hosting star, possibly due to
Foing vienna astromoon galaxy forum 18 sept 2020ILOAHawaii
This document discusses astronomy projects from the Moon including:
1) Robotic telescopes could observe from the Moon in all wavelengths without atmospheric interference and study the solar system.
2) The ExoGeoLab project developed a lunar lander and remote-controlled telescope to demonstrate astronomy and remote supervision from the Moon.
3) Upcoming projects include the Chang'E 3 telescope on the Moon, radio astronomy from orbiters and small landers, and future observatories at human outposts. Liquid mirror telescopes are also proposed to take advantage of the Moon's environment.
Hydrogeological Application of Refraction Seismicsiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) multidisciplinary peer-reviewed Journal with reputable academics and experts as board member. IOSR-JESTFT is designed for the prompt publication of peer-reviewed articles in all areas of subject. The journal articles will be accessed freely online.
1) The document proposes using a spacecraft to deflect threatening asteroids via gravitational towing without physical attachment. The spacecraft would hover above the asteroid's surface, using outward-angled thrusters to pull it via gravity without disturbing the surface.
2) A 20-ton spacecraft with 1N of thrust could deflect a typical 200m asteroid over 20 years. For an asteroid like 99942 Apophis, a close Earth approach in 2029 could be influenced with just 0.1N of thrust for a month, preventing a possible later impact.
3) Gravitational towing is insensitive to the asteroid's properties and rotation, and allows controllable deflection as needed to protect Earth.
The document discusses evidence that supports the existence of ancient supercontinents. It describes geological studies in Africa that have found similarities in rock formations and drainage patterns across the continent, indicating the landmasses were once joined. Specifically, research on the African Rift Valley has uncovered matching volcanic rocks and river systems on either side of the rift that align with the theory of continental drift. Additionally, the same alkaline rock formations found in Africa are also seen in the boundaries of other ancient continents like Greenland and India, providing further evidence they were once attached as part of a supercontinent.
ILOA Galaxy Forum Canada 2014 - Bernard Foing - Moon South Pole ExplorationILOAHawaii
Galaxy Forum Canada 2014, with the theme “Moon South Pole and Human Missions: Giant Steps into the Galaxy” was held in conjunction with the 65th International Astronautical Congress at the Metro Toronto Convention Centre in Ontario, Canada. Thousands of scientists, engineers and experts from around the world gather to explore the latest achievements, innovations and ambitions of worldwide space agencies, industries and enterprises.
The Moon’s South Pole is as exciting and enriching a new frontier as humans on Mars or trillion dollar asteroids, and much closer in time and space.
The distinguished international, national and independent experts assembled for the event consider how robotic missions 2016-2018 can function as precursors to Human Moon missions in the 2020s. A fusion of astrophysics and astronautics, the ILOA Galaxy Forum will preview upcoming Luna missions and priorities of major spacefaring powers China, India, Russia, USA, Europe and Japan, as well as Canada, Korea and others; and of the remarkable enterprises at the forefront of the commercial Lunar Renaissance.
The International Astronautical Federation (IAF) is an official co-sponsor for Galaxy Forum Canada 2014 and is providing a plenary hall at the IAC venue for the event.
Galaxy Forums are free and open to the general public. More information about the program will be available soon. If you have any questions, please contact info@iloa.org.
The document describes research on using dense medium scattering models for sea ice thickness retrieval from remote sensing data. It discusses the development of the Dense Medium Phase and Amplitude Correction Theory (DM-PACT) model to improve modeling of electromagnetic scattering in dense media like sea ice. Inverse models were developed using DM-PACT and radiative transfer theory to retrieve sea ice thickness from synthetic aperture radar and passive microwave satellite observations, including a Radiative Transfer Inverse Scattering Model and approaches using neural networks and genetic algorithms. Field experiments were conducted in Antarctica to validate the forward and inverse models.
The Global Surveyor mission orbited Mars with the objectives of obtaining high resolution images of the surface, studying the topography and gravity, and investigating the role of water and climate on Mars. It carried instruments like the Mars Orbiter Camera and Thermal Emission Spectrometer that provided evidence of liquid water on the surface in the past and identified the volcanic rock composition of most of the surface. The mission advanced understanding of Mars through identifying a global dichotomy in topography and remnants of a magnetic field.
Solar system as a radio telescope by the formation of virtual lenses above an...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Galaxy Forum Hawaii 2014 - Waimea -- Melissa AdamsILOAHawaii
Galaxy Forum Hawaii 2014 – Waimea
Wednesday 19 November 2014 (4:30 – 6:30pm) @ Anna Ranch, Kamuela, Hawaii
This event is free and open to the public, but space is limited.
ILOA is an interglobal enterprise incorporated in Hawaii as a 501(c)(3) non-profit to expand human knowledge of the Cosmos through observation from our Moon and to participate in internationally cooperative lunar base build-out, with Aloha – the spirit of Hawai`i. The ILOA co-sponsors with its Space Age Publishing Company affiliate an international series of Galaxy Forums to advance 21st Century Education. Galaxy Forums, designed to provide greater global awareness, capabilities and action in Galaxy science, exploration and enterprise, are held in Hawaii, Silicon Valley, Canada, China, India, Japan, Europe, Africa, Chile, Brazil, Southeast Asia, Kansas and New York. Current plans are for expansion to Antarctica and beyond.
Cave habitation on Mars could enable an initial human settlement by providing natural protection from radiation and hazards in the Martian environment. The document discusses assessing cave habitation by analyzing the feasibility, engineering challenges, social impacts, and international cooperation required. It suggests lava tubes could serve as shelters, with stable temperatures and low radiation levels inside. Remote sensing would first need to detect caves to identify potential sites, before robotic and human missions could explore the caves in more detail.
Detection of intact lava tubes at Marius Hills on the Moon by SELENE (Kaguya)...Sérgio Sacani
Intact lunar lava tubes offer a pristine environment to conduct scientific examination of the Moon’s composition and potentially serve as secure shelters for humans and instruments. We investigated the SELENE Lunar Radar Sounder (LRS) data at locations close to the Marius Hills Hole (MHH), a skylight potentially leading to an intact lava tube, and found a distinctive echo pattern exhibiting a precipitous decrease in echo power, subsequently followed by a large second echo peak that may be evidence for the existence of a lava tube. The search area was further expanded to 13.00–15.005°N, 301.85–304.01°E around the MHH and similar LRS echo patterns were observed at several locations. Most of the locations are in regions of underground mass deficit suggested by GRAIL gravity data analysis. Some of the observed echo patterns are along rille A, where the MHH was discovered, or on the southwest underground extension of the rille.
The document summarizes findings from studying asteroid 4 Vesta using data from NASA's Dawn spacecraft. It finds that Vesta has experienced a violent collisional history, with large impacts creating steep slopes and resurfacing much of the surface. While no unambiguous volcanic deposits were found, some dark material in impact craters may be from excavated subsurface volcanic features. Smooth ponds found on Vesta are also seen on asteroid Eros and are thought to form from impact ejecta collecting in depressions.
John A Chapman mining the moon 20060723John Chapman
NASA has announced a schedule and plan for the creation of a lunar base within 16 years as a precursor to establishing a base on Mars. Space agencies from Europe, Japan, India and China have expressed support for the NASA plan and/or their separate plans for a lunar base. This plan to explore and inhabit the Moon and then Mars is driven by the triple goals of scientific research, lunar/asteroid resource extraction and saving the earthbound human species from eventual extinction by asteroid/comet impact or super-volcano eruption. This paper proposes the application, on the Moon, of equipment and mining methods already well proven on Earth in very cold and dusty environments. The authors present an innovative combination of existing technologies for exploration and mining, including: mobile equipment, spare parts, sample analysis, remote controls, semi-autonomous controls, remote equipment "health" monitoring, real-time precision location and guidance, and the use of broadband WiMAX for communication to and from the proposed lunar base and Earth's Internet.
This was a talk I gave at CU Boulder SEDs in Nov 2011 to showcase the variety and opportunities for student-run science and engineering experiments on suborbital platforms. The area of suborbital space is rapidly expanding and is set to change how we expand our use of technology for future science and exploration space missions.
The document summarizes the past 10 years of studying volcanoes using InSAR techniques from spaceborne radar systems and looks ahead to future developments. Key points include: 1) InSAR has advanced from initial imaging to reliable time series analyses of deformation; 2) New radar systems provide higher resolution data at different frequencies but coverage remains limited; and 3) Future missions like DESDynI-R are designed for volcanology but funding and policies remain challenges to fully utilizing the technique.
WE3.L10.4: KIYO TOMIYASU, CO-SEISMIC SLIP AND THE KRAFLA VOLCANO: REFLECTIONS...grssieee
This document discusses the use of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) for measuring surface deformation over time. It summarizes Kiyo Tomiyasu's pioneering work on using InSAR from a geosynchronous orbit. It also presents a new method called MInTS that uses wavelet decomposition and physical parameterization to generate continuous deformation time series from large numbers of InSAR images. MInTS is demonstrated on data from Iceland's Northern Volcanic Zone, showing instantaneous velocities and asymmetries in deformation patterns. Finally, the document proposes a concept for a geosynchronous InSAR constellation that could provide near-continuous coverage of the Earth's surface.
The Future of Mars Exploration: A Tale of Perseverance and CuriosityData Con LA
Data Con LA 2020
Description
The Mars 2020 Rover sets the stage for Mars Sample return and continues NASA's explorarion of the red planet. Dr. Sengupta will discuss the scientific goals and unique technology challenges that will bring humanity closer to setting foot on the surface of Mars than ever before.
Speaker
Anita Sengupta, University of Southern California, Research Professor
The Mars Science Laboratory mission involves sending a rover named Curiosity to explore the Gale crater on Mars. Curiosity will analyze samples collected from rocks and soil using the most advanced scientific instruments ever sent to Mars' surface. It aims to investigate whether environmental conditions on Mars have ever been favorable for microbial life. Curiosity will use a precision landing technique involving a parachute and sky crane to lower it safely to the Martian surface in August 2012. It carries a suite of instruments to study the chemistry and mineralogy of samples and the environment using techniques like laser spectroscopy.
This is the presentation given at the end of the Space studies program at NASA Ames, August 2009. The ACCESS Mars project stands for Assessing Cave Capabilities and Evaluating Specific Solutions (ACCESS) Mars explores the future of robotic and human exploration missions to Mars via subsurface habitation.
Mission statement: "...to develop a mission architecture for an initial settlement on Mars by assessing the feasibility of cave habitation as an alternative to proposed surface-based solutions".
The Dawn spacecraft's VIR instrument obtained hyperspectral images of Vesta's surface. Analysis of the spectra showed considerable regional variations in mineralogy. The south polar region, including the Rheasilvia basin, displayed a higher diogenitic component with deeper pyroxene absorption bands. Equatorial regions showed a higher eucritic component with shallower bands. This lithological distribution indicates Vesta had a deeper diogenitic crust exposed by the Rheasilvia impact, overlain by an upper eucritic crust. Evidence for layering was observed on crater walls and in ejecta, broadly consistent with magma ocean differentiation models. However, spectral variability also highlighted local variations, suggesting a complex crustal
The International Space Station (ISS) serves as a scientific laboratory, technology test bed, and orbiting outpost for conducting research. Over 1,200 experiments have been conducted on the ISS supporting 1,600 scientists in 59 countries. This research is helping to develop the critical technologies and operational experience needed for long duration human space exploration beyond low Earth orbit to destinations like the Moon, asteroids, and Mars. The ISS also functions as a technology demonstration platform for testing exploration capabilities prior to missions farther into space. International cooperation is vital for supporting the long-term sustainability of human space exploration.
Evidence for water_ice_near_mercury_north_pole_from_messenger _neutron_spectr...Sérgio Sacani
MESSENGER neutron spectrometer measurements show evidence for water ice near Mercury's north pole. Analysis of fast and epithermal neutron fluxes found a 1.1% decrease in fast neutrons and a 2.4% decrease in epithermal neutrons near the north pole compared to lower latitudes. This signal is consistent with a hydrogen-rich layer more than tens of centimeters thick beneath a surficial layer less than 25% water-equivalent hydrogen that is around 10-20 centimeters thick. The buried hydrogen-rich layer appears to be nearly pure water ice, and the total mass of water ice at Mercury's poles is estimated to be between 2×10^16 to 10^18 grams.
N A S A Supporting Earth System Science 2005Peerasak C.
1) NASA's Jason and TOPEX/Poseidon satellites serendipitously recorded the first detailed measurements of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami as it passed through the Bay of Bengal, detecting half-meter changes in sea surface height.
2) These observations are helping scientists better understand tsunami wave propagation and behavior to improve computer models for predicting tsunami impacts.
3) While satellites cannot provide timely tsunami warnings, increased ocean monitoring buoys combined with strong public education programs will be key to establishing effective tsunami warning systems.
Citizen science projects have the potential to transform earthquake detection by greatly increasing the number of seismic sensor locations. Individuals can host sensors in their homes and buildings to record ground motion data during quakes. However, data quality standards must be maintained and networks need to remain operational long-term for the data to be scientifically useful. If these challenges can be addressed, dense citizen sensor networks may provide new insights into earthquake processes.
Geophysics of overburden moving geophysics gtom exploration to application Dr Lendy Spires
This document summarizes the objectives and results of a geophysics field school in Africa over 10 years that trained students in practical geophysical techniques. The school focused on solving problems typically encountered in mining exploration, such as estimating overburden thickness and mapping dykes, faults and ore bodies. Methods taught included magnetic, seismic, ground penetrating radar and resistivity surveys. The surveys successfully mapped dykes and structures and estimated overburden depths, demonstrating the value of integrated geophysical techniques for mine planning applications. Over 10 years the program trained many African students.
Options and uncertainties in planetary defense: Mission planning and vehicle ...Sérgio Sacani
This document discusses options and uncertainties in defending Earth from potential impacts by near-Earth objects (NEOs). It focuses on a case study using the asteroid 101955 Bennu to examine the feasibility of using kinetic impactors or nuclear explosives to deflect such threats. The authors find that for large threats like Bennu, kinetic impactors require very high impact speeds and masses to be effective, and nuclear explosives may be necessary if response time is limited. They present tools to analyze required launch opportunities and payloads, and propose a modular spacecraft design called HAMMER that could function as either a kinetic impactor or nuclear carrier.
Martian soil as revealed by ground-penetrating radar at the Tianwen-1 landing...Sérgio Sacani
Much of the Martian surface is covered by a weathering layer (regolith or soil) produced
by long-term surface processes such as impact gardening, eolian erosion, water weathering,
and glacial modifications. China’s first Martian mission, Tianwen-1, employed the Mars
Rover Penetrating Radar (RoPeR) to unveil the detailed structure of the regolith layer and
assess its loss tangent. The RoPeR radargram revealed the local regolith layer to be highly
heterogeneous and geologically complex and characterized by structures that resemble partial
or complete crater walls and near-surface impact lenses at a very shallow depth. However,
comparable radar data from the Lunar far side are rather uniform, despite the two surfaces
being geologically contemporary. The close-to-surface crater presented in this study shows
no detectable surface expression, which suggests an accelerated occultation rate for small
craters on the surface of Mars as compared to the rate on the Moon. This is probably due to
the relentless eolian processes on the Martian surface that led to the burial of the crater and
thus shielded it from further erosion. The high loss tangent indicates that the regolith at the
Tianwen-1 landing site is not dominated by water ice.
Similar to In Situ Resource Utilization by Humans in Planetary Analog Environments (20)
The document outlines 15 steps to become a Martian, including deciding to become an astronaut, meeting education and experience requirements, gaining relevant skills like fixing things and working as a team, and completing analog missions and survival training. It emphasizes the challenges of being selected for a Mars mission, as astronauts have a <0.1% chance and it may take 10+ years, and suggests embracing the long process through fitness, education, experience and a sense of humor.
Asynchronous geological exploration operations at the HI-SEAS planetary surfa...Brian Shiro
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Presentation highlighting tsunami lessons from key scenes in "The Impossible" to the Get Ready Ewa Beach Emergency Preparedness Fair on September 5, 2015
This document provides information about tsunamis and the work of the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC). The PTWC monitors for earthquakes, landslides, and volcanic eruptions that could trigger tsunamis in the Pacific Ocean and issues warnings. The document outlines the four main steps of the PTWC's operations: 1) seismic analysis to determine earthquake details, 2) message dissemination through various channels, 3) tsunami forecasting using modeling, and 4) sea level monitoring with sensors. The goal is to detect potential tsunamis as quickly as possible and provide warnings to save lives.
Geological field activities at the HI-SEAS planetary surface analog mission s...Brian Shiro
Presented on July 23, 2014 at the NASA Exploration Science Forum in Moffett Field, California. Summarizes the geological field tasks assigned to HI-SEAS crews during simulated long-duration Mars missions on Mauna Loa, Hawaii.
"Life on Mars in Hawaii" at 2013 Ignite STEM Week HawaiiBrian Shiro
Presentation given on March 2, 2013 at the Ignite STEM Week Hawaii event held at the Imaginarium. Fast-paced Ignite format requires 20 auto-advancing slides for 15 seconds each for a 5-minute presentation. Video recording here: http://www.ustream.tv/recorded/29686064
"Astronauts4Hire" at 2012 Ignite STEM Week HawaiiBrian Shiro
Astronauts4Hire (A4H) is a non-profit organization that trains and prepares individuals to become commercial astronauts. A4H fills the gap between commercial spaceflight providers and potential missions. It provides skills training, facilitates communication among candidates, engages the space research community, and inspires the next generation. A4H currently has 67 associate members and 19 flight members with advanced degrees and language skills. It offers a variety of training programs and partners with companies to provide research opportunities for its members through suborbital flights.
Social Media in the NOAA/NWS Pacific RegionBrian Shiro
The document discusses the use of social media by NOAA and the National Weather Service in the Pacific Region. It outlines the benefits of social media for disaster response, including allowing for real-time information sharing. It provides examples of how social media was used during past tsunamis to spread information and track the geographic spread of tweets. The document argues that NOAA and NWS should develop social media strategies and accounts to better fulfill their mission of protecting life and property through open communication.
2009 ASMSA Career Day Presentation: My Life as a GeophysicistBrian Shiro
The document summarizes the career and background of Brian Shiro, a geophysicist at the NOAA Pacific Tsunami Warning Center. It outlines his educational background starting from ASMSA through graduate studies in geophysics. It describes his field work in various locations and roles studying earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanoes and plate tectonics. It provides an overview of his current role analyzing seismic data, forecasting tsunamis, and warning responsibilities at the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selectionCarl Bergstrom
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
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Centrifugation is a powerful technique used in laboratories to separate components of a heterogeneous mixture based on their density. This process utilizes centrifugal force to rapidly spin samples, causing denser particles to migrate outward more quickly than lighter ones. As a result, distinct layers form within the sample tube, allowing for easy isolation and purification of target substances.
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https://hal.science/hal-04582287
SDSS1335+0728: The awakening of a ∼ 106M⊙ black hole⋆Sérgio Sacani
Context. The early-type galaxy SDSS J133519.91+072807.4 (hereafter SDSS1335+0728), which had exhibited no prior optical variations during the preceding two decades, began showing significant nuclear variability in the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) alert stream from December 2019 (as ZTF19acnskyy). This variability behaviour, coupled with the host-galaxy properties, suggests that SDSS1335+0728 hosts a ∼ 106M⊙ black hole (BH) that is currently in the process of ‘turning on’. Aims. We present a multi-wavelength photometric analysis and spectroscopic follow-up performed with the aim of better understanding the origin of the nuclear variations detected in SDSS1335+0728. Methods. We used archival photometry (from WISE, 2MASS, SDSS, GALEX, eROSITA) and spectroscopic data (from SDSS and LAMOST) to study the state of SDSS1335+0728 prior to December 2019, and new observations from Swift, SOAR/Goodman, VLT/X-shooter, and Keck/LRIS taken after its turn-on to characterise its current state. We analysed the variability of SDSS1335+0728 in the X-ray/UV/optical/mid-infrared range, modelled its spectral energy distribution prior to and after December 2019, and studied the evolution of its UV/optical spectra. Results. From our multi-wavelength photometric analysis, we find that: (a) since 2021, the UV flux (from Swift/UVOT observations) is four times brighter than the flux reported by GALEX in 2004; (b) since June 2022, the mid-infrared flux has risen more than two times, and the W1−W2 WISE colour has become redder; and (c) since February 2024, the source has begun showing X-ray emission. From our spectroscopic follow-up, we see that (i) the narrow emission line ratios are now consistent with a more energetic ionising continuum; (ii) broad emission lines are not detected; and (iii) the [OIII] line increased its flux ∼ 3.6 years after the first ZTF alert, which implies a relatively compact narrow-line-emitting region. Conclusions. We conclude that the variations observed in SDSS1335+0728 could be either explained by a ∼ 106M⊙ AGN that is just turning on or by an exotic tidal disruption event (TDE). If the former is true, SDSS1335+0728 is one of the strongest cases of an AGNobserved in the process of activating. If the latter were found to be the case, it would correspond to the longest and faintest TDE ever observed (or another class of still unknown nuclear transient). Future observations of SDSS1335+0728 are crucial to further understand its behaviour. Key words. galaxies: active– accretion, accretion discs– galaxies: individual: SDSS J133519.91+072807.4
Mechanisms and Applications of Antiviral Neutralizing Antibodies - Creative B...Creative-Biolabs
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Compositions of iron-meteorite parent bodies constrainthe structure of the pr...Sérgio Sacani
Magmatic iron-meteorite parent bodies are the earliest planetesimals in the Solar System,and they preserve information about conditions and planet-forming processes in thesolar nebula. In this study, we include comprehensive elemental compositions andfractional-crystallization modeling for iron meteorites from the cores of five differenti-ated asteroids from the inner Solar System. Together with previous results of metalliccores from the outer Solar System, we conclude that asteroidal cores from the outerSolar System have smaller sizes, elevated siderophile-element abundances, and simplercrystallization processes than those from the inner Solar System. These differences arerelated to the formation locations of the parent asteroids because the solar protoplane-tary disk varied in redox conditions, elemental distributions, and dynamics at differentheliocentric distances. Using highly siderophile-element data from iron meteorites, wereconstruct the distribution of calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) across theprotoplanetary disk within the first million years of Solar-System history. CAIs, the firstsolids to condense in the Solar System, formed close to the Sun. They were, however,concentrated within the outer disk and depleted within the inner disk. Future modelsof the structure and evolution of the protoplanetary disk should account for this dis-tribution pattern of CAIs.
Compositions of iron-meteorite parent bodies constrainthe structure of the pr...
In Situ Resource Utilization by Humans in Planetary Analog Environments
1. In Situ Resource Exploration by
Humans in Planetary Analog
Environments
Brian Shiro
UH/NOAA/A4H
13 November 2012
PISCES Forum
2. How can we learn to work on
planetary surfaces to answer
relevant geophysical questions
and prospect for resources?
Outline
FMARS
Mission Overview
Seismic Project
Electromagnetic Project
MDRS
Mission Overview
Active Seismic + GPR
Project
HI-SEAS, NEEMO, etc.
How Hawaii fits in.
3. FMARS and MDRS
FMARS = Flashline
Mars Arctic
Research Station
MDRS = Mars Desert
Research Station
Based on the Mars
Direct architecture
The Mars Society
4. FMARS
Devon Island
Founded 2000
Polar desert
Located on rim of 39Ma
Haughton Crater
12th crew: 6 people
Crew Geophysicist
Jun 27 - Aug 1, 2009
(26 days on Devon
Island)
27. TDEM Results
Constrain
subsurface
resistivity to
1,000-10,000 Ω-m.
Constrain upper
bound of depth to
conductor.
Assuming a 100 Ω-
m body,
groundwater
would be at least
300 m deep.
28.
29. MDRS
Hanksville, Utah
Founded 2002
Desert with
Jurassic/Cretaceous
sedimentary features
89th crew, 6 people
Crew Commander
Jan 23 –
Feb 6, 2010
31. Ground Penetrating Radar
CRUX instrument =
miniaturized GPR
developed by NASA JPL
Data collected by
Stoker et al. (NASA
Ames) on Crew 85 in
Nov 2009
Found a strong
reflector, a possible
buried paleochannel
33. Miyamoto Crater, Mars
Similar to the
feature at MDRS
Inverted river
channel intersects
with crate rim
Former MSL
landing site
candidate
34. Active Seismic Survey
Seismic refraction, reflection, surface wave
methods
Purpose: Determine shallow subsurface
structure, Look for water & life habitats
Land streamer with 12 geophones
35. MDRS Seismic EVAs Summary
crew use of time, biometric monitoring, operations efficiency
47. Hawaii Advantages
Year-round access, excellent
infrastructure (airports, ports, roads,
Universal Space Network)
Varity of environments/analogs
Central Pacific location, international
Superb State of Hawaii support (Office
of Aerospace Development)
World renown astronomy and planetary
scientists at the University of Hawaii.
Strong ties to NASA (Space Act, PISCES)
Strong NOAA presence (for NEEMO?)
48. Mahalo!
Brian Shiro
University of Hawaii
bshiro@hawaii.edu
NOAA
brian.shiro@noaa.gov
Astronauts4Hire
brian.shiro@astronauts4hire.org
49. Related Presentations
Shiro, B. and C. Stoker (2010), “Iterative Science
Strategy on Analog Geophysical EVAs,” NASA
Lunar Science Forum 2010.
Ferrone, K., S. Cusack, C. Garvin, V.W. Kramer, J.
Palaia, and B. Shiro (2010), “Flashline Mars Arctic
Research Station 2009 Crew Perspectives,” AIAA
SpaceOps 2010 Conf., 65-ME-18.
Shiro, B. and K. Ferrone (2010), “In Situ
Geophysical Exploration by Humans in Mars Analog AGU 2009
Environments,” Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., 2052.
Shiro, B., J. Palaia, and K. Ferrone (2009), “Use LPSC 2010
of Web 2.0 Technologies for Public Outreach on a
Simulated Mars Mission,” Eos Trans. AGU, 90(52),
Fall Meet. Suppl., ED11A-0565.
Banerdt, B. and B. Shiro (2007), “The Seismic
Exploration of Mars: History, Prospects and
Barriers,” Seismological Research Letters, 78(2),
276.
Editor's Notes
Haughton is an impact crater, a common and fundamental geological feature of the Martian surface (and of many other planetary surfaces). Haughton is set in a polar desert, a cold, relatively dry, windy, and sparsley vegetated environment that might be akin to an Early Mars environment, when conditions are thought to have been wetter and perhaps warmer. The center of the crater hosts a very unusual type of terrain, impact breccia permeated with ground-ice. At Haughton, the impact breccia is permeated with "permafrost" (ground-ice), thus producing what may be the closest natural analog on Earth to the Martian regolith. Shortly after its formation, the Haughton crater was occupied by a lake in which sediments were laid down. The lake has long since drained away, but the sediments are still preserved in patches inside the crater, slowly weathering away under the cold arctic climate. These ancient crater lake sediments provide an analog for sediments expected to be found in ancient impact craters on Mars that may have once contained lakes as well. Haughton also provides an opportunity to study the amount of warming of early lake waters by impact-induced hydrothermal activity. In cold environments such as that of the Arctic or Mars, the heat released at the site of a freshly-formed impact crater may produce what has been called a "phase of thermal biology", an episode of biological development possible only under the uncharacteristically warm temperatures A variety of valleys ranging from intricate networks of channels to deep canyons dissect the landscape at Haughton. Several types of valleys resemble those seen on Mars. The resemblance appears to be more than superficial, as the similarities are often specific and unique. Studying how the varieties on Devon Island formed may provide clues to how some valleys on Mars formed. The Arctic is host to a variety of periglacial formations, geologic features such as ice mounds and polygon fields which are indicative of the presence of ice concentrations in the ground. Many features on Mars, especially at high latitudes, have been hypothesized to be periglacial formations. Haughton and the rest of Devon Island are a paradise of periglacial landforms, providing an opportunity to explore this additional parallel. Understanding periglacial formations at Haughton may ultimately help recognize where ice can be found at shallow depth on Mars. Haughton also offers examples of life adapted to an extreme environment. Biological contrasts between life inside and outside the crater have also been noted, thus shedding light on the role of impact craters as specific ecological niches on planets. Biological research at Haughton may thus have profound ties with exobiological studies on Mars. http://resources.yesican-science.ca/trek/mars/devon.htm
Seismology: Brian Shiro Goal at FMARS-Testing human factors- how can human astronauts deploy a seismic station on Mars Goals on Mars-Seismology is a branch of geophysics that studies the interior of earth using seismic waves. (sound waves that are typically made from earthquakes). Seismology can teach us about the interior of the planet. By using the speed by which the sound waves travel, scientists can learn things like how big is the core, what is Mars made of inside, how thick is the crust, etc…) We can also characterize the seismicity of Mars (are there earthquakes? If so, how many earthquakes per year, are they a hazard for astronauts?) We can also gain other important information from seismometers concerning meteorite impacts and landslides, but in oredr to collect this date we need a lot of seismometers. Having human astronauts place them is the best scenario because they can be placed in the best possible locations- unlike just having them on Mars Landers.
Groundwater Survey: Brian Shiro The groundwater survey is accomplished using a Time Domain Electromagnetic Survey This is using electric and magnetic fields to determine to resistivity (opposite of conductivity) of the subsurface with the goal of finding groundwater. This method has been used on Earth for over 100 years to find water and other minerals and resources and it is the most promising technique to use on Mars for finding groundwater. Several prototypes have been suggested for Mars including putting the system on a rover that would collect the data by driving around and another system that would deploy the transmitter coil by shooting it out on rockets. Our goal was to start with the basic system that has been used for 100 years on earth and to figure out what parts of it would be difficult to do on mars so that it could be properly modified or new techniques could be created. Groundwater Survey: Brian Shiro How it works: Large shapes of electric coil (in our case squares) are laid out on the ground. Three separate receiver measurements are taken- one in the center and one each extending out from the midline of the square. This is how the measurements are taken: An electric current is run through the wire, and this static electric current creates a magnetic current perpendicular to and around the wire. Then, you shut off the electrical current which causes the magnetic current to start degrading. Because a changing magnetic current creates an electrical current, the surrounding rocks then have an electric field. This electric field then creates a magnetic field, which as it decays, allows the receiver to pick up an electric current which the device records. This process is repeated over and over during a measurement and it gives a resistivity profile with depth. Depending on the transmitter loop size you can “see” down to different depths (up to several kilometers). At FMARS we are using squares of 40 meters per side which allows us to see dowm between 150-200meters.
Abrasion study to prepare for NDX-2, collaboration with Pablo DeLeon
Ask Josh for photo
Kissing Camel Range, a putative paleo inverted channel feature
109-m total profile length 6 geophone spreads with: 12 geophones at 5-ft spacing on a Geostuff land streamer 36 shots with: 3x stacking each at 17 shot locations with 30-ft spacing Geode seismograph