This document reviews research on analyzing the tensile strength properties of welded cast iron FG260. It discusses how gray cast iron can be welded if cooling rates are controlled during and after welding. The welding was carried out using oxyacetylene welding and nickel-based filler metals to join gray cast iron pieces. Tensile strength and hardness tests were conducted before and after salvaging castings with defects via welding. The studies found that after welding, the tensile strength and hardness properties of the cast iron increased. A literature review discussed how casting process parameters like pouring temperature and time can affect tensile strength and hardness, but pouring time has the most influence.
IRJET- Study and Characterization of Aluminium 7075 Hybrid Composites Rei...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that characterized aluminum 7075 hybrid composites reinforced with boron carbide and tungsten carbide particles. The composites were fabricated using stir casting by varying the boron carbide content from 2-6wt% and keeping tungsten carbide constant at 4wt%. Testing showed that hardness increased with higher boron carbide content, while density remained similar to aluminum 7075. Wear resistance also improved with increased hardness. Microstructural analysis revealed a more uniform distribution of reinforcements at higher boron carbide levels. Overall, the composites demonstrated enhanced mechanical properties for applications requiring high strength and wear resistance.
Study Of Mechanical Properties On Al 6061 Hybrid Composite by Stir Casting Me...IRJET Journal
This document describes a study on the mechanical properties of aluminum 6061 hybrid composites produced by stir casting with silicon carbide and graphite reinforcements. Specifically, it investigates the effects of varying graphite content from 3-9% by weight on the hardness, tensile strength, and compression strength of composites containing a constant 6% silicon carbide by weight in an aluminum 6061 matrix. Samples were produced by stir casting and tested according to appropriate ASTM standards. Preliminary results showed hardness decreases with increased graphite content while tensile and compression strength increase due to the influence of both silicon carbide and graphite particulates.
IRJET- Material Characterization on Functionally Graded AL-CU Alloy Fabricate...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that characterized the material properties of an Al-Cu alloy fabricated using centrifugal casting at different rotational speeds. Specifically:
- An Al-Cu alloy was centrifugally cast at 400rpm, 600rpm, and 800rpm to produce functionally graded materials with varying properties along the radial direction.
- Testing found that hardness and tensile strength increased with rotational speed, with the 800rpm alloy exhibiting the finest grain structure and highest properties.
- Microstructures showed finer grains and higher hardness at the inner and outer surfaces due to more rapid solidification, with coarser grains and lower hardness in the middle.
The document summarizes an experiment to determine the effect of travel speed and arc current on the material properties of welds in 1075 steel using an autonomous gas tungsten arc welding machine. Six samples were welded at two different travel speeds (7 and 10 inches per minute) and three arc currents (100, 125, and 150 amps). Hardness tests found that the weld created at 7 inches per minute produced the highest hardness values, indicating better penetration and tensile strength compared to the weld created at 10 inches per minute. However, limitations in the testing process may have skewed some results. Overall, a travel speed of 7 inches per minute and arc current of 150 amps produced the best weld for
The effect of welding heat input and welding speed on microstructure of chrom...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Surface hybrid nanocomposites via friction stir processingmohammed noor
Friction stir Processing (FSP) is a new innovative technology developed based on the principle of Friction Stir Welding (FSW) technique.
In FSP, the ceramic particulates are reinforced into the base metal by adding it into the groove and Friction Stir Processing (FSP) is performed.
In this study, the aluminum alloy 6061 is chosen as the base metal, alumina and graphite Nano powder as reinforcement.
The process parameters such traverse speed of 64 mm/min and the tool rotational speed of 1060 rpm and tilt angle of 2deg were selected, The Friction Powder Processing was carried out on vertical milling machine.
New parameters such as powder type and number of passes were involved and we also study the effect of heat treatment.
The influence of FSP was checked using some tests such as the microstructure analysis that was carried out using optical microscope (OM) and the mechanical characteristics were analyzed using tensile test and hardness test.
The micrograph results revealed that powder particulates were evenly distributed in the stir zone and reduction in grain size also observed; the reason for the grain size reduction was stirring action of the FPP tool’s pin.
The tensile strength results showed a significant improvement in strength by a percent of
50% compared to base metal but when T6 heat treatment is applied, the tensile strength decreased.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION AND MATERIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A356 BASED COMPO...sathish sak
Recently friction stir processing (FSP) has emerged as an effective tool for enhancing sheet metal properties through microstructure modification. Significant grain refinement and homogenization can be achieved in a single FSP pass leading to improved formability, especially at elevated temperatures.
FSP is a solid-state process where the material within the processed zone undergoes intense plastic deformation resulting in dynamically recrystallized grain structure.
Most of the research conducted on FSP focuses on aluminum alloys. Despite the potential weight reduction that can be achieved using Titanium dioxide(B4C) alloys.
In this work, we examine the possibility of using FSP to modify the microstructure and properties of commercial A356-B4C alloy particles. The effect of various process parameters on thermal histories, resulting microstructure and properties to be investigated.
Review on TIG Welding Ang And A-TIG Welding on Aluminum AlloysIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that studied TIG welding and A-TIG welding of AA5456 aluminum alloys. It investigated the effect of welding parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties. Key findings include:
1) TIG welding with optimized parameters (peak current 80A, base current 40A, speed 230mm/min, frequency 4Hz) produced fine equiaxed grain structure and improved mechanical properties compared to other conditions.
2) A-TIG welding achieved significantly higher weld penetration than conventional TIG welding.
3) Mechanical properties improved by 10-15% after applying post-weld planishing to relieve internal stresses in the weld.
4)
IRJET- Study and Characterization of Aluminium 7075 Hybrid Composites Rei...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that characterized aluminum 7075 hybrid composites reinforced with boron carbide and tungsten carbide particles. The composites were fabricated using stir casting by varying the boron carbide content from 2-6wt% and keeping tungsten carbide constant at 4wt%. Testing showed that hardness increased with higher boron carbide content, while density remained similar to aluminum 7075. Wear resistance also improved with increased hardness. Microstructural analysis revealed a more uniform distribution of reinforcements at higher boron carbide levels. Overall, the composites demonstrated enhanced mechanical properties for applications requiring high strength and wear resistance.
Study Of Mechanical Properties On Al 6061 Hybrid Composite by Stir Casting Me...IRJET Journal
This document describes a study on the mechanical properties of aluminum 6061 hybrid composites produced by stir casting with silicon carbide and graphite reinforcements. Specifically, it investigates the effects of varying graphite content from 3-9% by weight on the hardness, tensile strength, and compression strength of composites containing a constant 6% silicon carbide by weight in an aluminum 6061 matrix. Samples were produced by stir casting and tested according to appropriate ASTM standards. Preliminary results showed hardness decreases with increased graphite content while tensile and compression strength increase due to the influence of both silicon carbide and graphite particulates.
IRJET- Material Characterization on Functionally Graded AL-CU Alloy Fabricate...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that characterized the material properties of an Al-Cu alloy fabricated using centrifugal casting at different rotational speeds. Specifically:
- An Al-Cu alloy was centrifugally cast at 400rpm, 600rpm, and 800rpm to produce functionally graded materials with varying properties along the radial direction.
- Testing found that hardness and tensile strength increased with rotational speed, with the 800rpm alloy exhibiting the finest grain structure and highest properties.
- Microstructures showed finer grains and higher hardness at the inner and outer surfaces due to more rapid solidification, with coarser grains and lower hardness in the middle.
The document summarizes an experiment to determine the effect of travel speed and arc current on the material properties of welds in 1075 steel using an autonomous gas tungsten arc welding machine. Six samples were welded at two different travel speeds (7 and 10 inches per minute) and three arc currents (100, 125, and 150 amps). Hardness tests found that the weld created at 7 inches per minute produced the highest hardness values, indicating better penetration and tensile strength compared to the weld created at 10 inches per minute. However, limitations in the testing process may have skewed some results. Overall, a travel speed of 7 inches per minute and arc current of 150 amps produced the best weld for
The effect of welding heat input and welding speed on microstructure of chrom...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Surface hybrid nanocomposites via friction stir processingmohammed noor
Friction stir Processing (FSP) is a new innovative technology developed based on the principle of Friction Stir Welding (FSW) technique.
In FSP, the ceramic particulates are reinforced into the base metal by adding it into the groove and Friction Stir Processing (FSP) is performed.
In this study, the aluminum alloy 6061 is chosen as the base metal, alumina and graphite Nano powder as reinforcement.
The process parameters such traverse speed of 64 mm/min and the tool rotational speed of 1060 rpm and tilt angle of 2deg were selected, The Friction Powder Processing was carried out on vertical milling machine.
New parameters such as powder type and number of passes were involved and we also study the effect of heat treatment.
The influence of FSP was checked using some tests such as the microstructure analysis that was carried out using optical microscope (OM) and the mechanical characteristics were analyzed using tensile test and hardness test.
The micrograph results revealed that powder particulates were evenly distributed in the stir zone and reduction in grain size also observed; the reason for the grain size reduction was stirring action of the FPP tool’s pin.
The tensile strength results showed a significant improvement in strength by a percent of
50% compared to base metal but when T6 heat treatment is applied, the tensile strength decreased.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION AND MATERIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A356 BASED COMPO...sathish sak
Recently friction stir processing (FSP) has emerged as an effective tool for enhancing sheet metal properties through microstructure modification. Significant grain refinement and homogenization can be achieved in a single FSP pass leading to improved formability, especially at elevated temperatures.
FSP is a solid-state process where the material within the processed zone undergoes intense plastic deformation resulting in dynamically recrystallized grain structure.
Most of the research conducted on FSP focuses on aluminum alloys. Despite the potential weight reduction that can be achieved using Titanium dioxide(B4C) alloys.
In this work, we examine the possibility of using FSP to modify the microstructure and properties of commercial A356-B4C alloy particles. The effect of various process parameters on thermal histories, resulting microstructure and properties to be investigated.
Review on TIG Welding Ang And A-TIG Welding on Aluminum AlloysIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that studied TIG welding and A-TIG welding of AA5456 aluminum alloys. It investigated the effect of welding parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties. Key findings include:
1) TIG welding with optimized parameters (peak current 80A, base current 40A, speed 230mm/min, frequency 4Hz) produced fine equiaxed grain structure and improved mechanical properties compared to other conditions.
2) A-TIG welding achieved significantly higher weld penetration than conventional TIG welding.
3) Mechanical properties improved by 10-15% after applying post-weld planishing to relieve internal stresses in the weld.
4)
IRJET- Mechanical Behavior of Aluminium-7075 Reinforced with Boron-Carbide (B...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research into the mechanical behavior of aluminum-7075 reinforced with boron carbide and graphite particles. Scanning electron microscopy revealed uniform distribution of the reinforcing particles in the aluminum matrix. Mechanical testing showed that adding the reinforcements increased the hardness, ultimate tensile strength, and yield strength of the composites compared to the unreinforced alloy. In particular, a composite with 4% boron carbide and 4% graphite particles exhibited the highest values for tensile strength and yield strength.
This document summarizes a study on the effect of adding graphite particles to an aluminum matrix composite reinforced with silicon carbide (SiC) particles. Samples were produced by stir casting of aluminum with 6 wt% SiC alone (SS), and with both 6 wt% SiC and 6 wt% graphite (SG). Tests showed that adding SiC alone improved hardness by 184.8% and compressive strength by 85%, while the hybrid composite saw more modest improvements of 33% and 23% respectively. Machining tests found that SiC alone increased surface roughness and cutting forces by 32-80% and 50.5-100%, but the hybrid saw lower increases of only 22.9-70.4% and 42
Studies on Al8081-B4C Metal Matrix Composites Fabricated by Stir Casting MethodIJMER
Aluminium MMCs are preferred in the fields of aerospace, military, automotive, marine and
in many other domestic applications. In the present work, an attempt has been made to develop and
study the, Mechanical properties of Al-8081/B4C reinforced aluminium metal matrix composites. The
composite was prepared by using Liquid Metallurgy Route (Stir Casting Technique). Liquid state has
some important advantages such as better matrix particle bonding, easier control of matrix structure,
simplicity, low cost of processing, nearer to net shape and wide selection of material. Al-8081 alloy
was taken as the base matrix to which B4C particulates are used as reinforcements. Al8081-B4C
composites were prepared by varying weight percentage of B4C i.e 0 to 6 %, in steps of two. The
objective is to study the effect of B4C particulates on mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile
strength, yield strength and hardness of Al8081 alloy composites. The results of this study revealed
that, as the B4C content was increased, there were significant increases in the ultimate tensile strength,
yield strength and hardness in the composites as compared to the base matrix
Flank wear measurement of al based metal matrix composite materials (mmc)Alexander Decker
This document discusses a study that measured flank wear on different cutting tool materials when machining an aluminum-silicon metal matrix composite (MMC) containing 5% silicon carbide particulate (SiCp) by volume. A range of cutting speeds and feed rates were used. The best performance was achieved using a titanium-coated carbide insert, which experienced lower flank wear than uncoated or aluminum oxide-coated carbide tools as the cutting speed increased. In general, higher cutting speeds led to faster tool wear across all tool materials tested.
An investigation of Effect of Mould Vibrations on Mechanical and Metallurgica...journal ijrtem
Abstract: Casting is one of the oldest and mostly used production processes in industry. The traditional casting has certain disadvantages like poor strength due to hot tears, shrinkage and poor surface finish. The property of casting process mostly depends on the microstructure after solidification. Providing Mould vibration during casting is one of the latest techniques employed in order to get better structure in the solidified casting. Mould vibration during casting gives reduced amount of shrinkage, better morphology, surface finish, and less chances of hot tear. In this research work, the effect of mould vibration during solidification of Aluminum 356alloys for different values of wavelengths at a fixed pouring temperature investigated to understand the modification in microstructure and mechanical properties of casting. The Al356 casting has been prepared in a graphite mould with and without vibrations. The frequencies are varied from 0 Hz to 20 Hz during the casting process. A casting has been made without vibration as well to compare the results of castings with vibration. The experimental results showed significant grain refinement and remarkably improvement in compression strength and hardness of castings with mechanical mould vibration during solidification. Key words: Mould Vibrations, Stir casting, Vibrating table, Ultimate tensile strength, hardness and microstructure.
IRJET - Dissimilar Welding of Alloy Steel and Stainless Steel by using Va...IRJET Journal
The document discusses dissimilar welding of alloy steel and stainless steel using cryogenic treatment. It first provides background on dissimilar welding and challenges associated with joining different metals. It then describes the materials used (alloy steel SS335 G12 and stainless steel SS 316), cryogenic equipment, and testing processes for hardness, impact resistance, and tensile strength. Results showed that cryogenic treatment improved mechanical properties like hardness, yield strength, and tensile strength compared to untreated specimens. The conclusions state that cryogenic treatment can further change metal structures and properties, improve mechanics, and reduce production costs.
A study on characterization of Al-18%Si alloy by centrifuge castingdbpublications
Aluminum-silicon alloy are characterized by light weight, good strength –to-weight ratio, ease of fabrication of at reasonable cost, high strength at elevated temperature, good thermal conductivity, excellent castability, good weldability, excellent corrosion and wear resistance property. Thus, these types of alloys are well suited for automotive industries, aerospace structural and military applications. In centrifuge casting solidification rate is faster compared to gravity casting, but still solidification depends on various process parameters like, cooling temperature of molten metal, rotational speed of the die and also wall thickness of die. In centrifuge casting the silicon deposition in aluminum varies from top to bottom. Here Al-Si functionally graded material is used and developed under centrifuge casting. The method used in this work to produce functionally graded material is totally different from other centrifugal casting which helped in producing solid cylindrical parts. This report describes about mechanical characterization of Al-18%Si at different temperature. At 950°C casting shows good ultimate tensile strength and harder metal compared to other casting.
IRJET- A Review of Tribological and Mechanical Investigation of Aluminum Bron...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study investigating the microstructure, mechanical properties, and wear behavior of aluminum bronze C95500 cast using horizontal centrifugal casting. Samples were cast at different pouring temperatures and mold rotation speeds, with and without melt treatment including degassing and deoxidation. Microstructure was analyzed in relation to hardness, tensile strength, and wear rate. The results showed that melt treatment and higher mold rotation speeds produced a finer microstructure and improved properties like increased hardness and tensile strength as well as decreased wear rate.
The document summarizes research on using activated flux in TIG welding of mild steel. Activated TIG welding involves brushing a thin layer of activated flux onto the welding joint before welding. Several studies found that activated flux can increase weld penetration, reduce weld width, and increase the depth-to-width ratio compared to conventional TIG welding. Cr2O3 flux produced the most significant effects in one study, increasing penetration on mild steel while decreasing hardness and increasing the depth-to-width ratio. Overall, activated flux aided TIG welding has been shown to improve weld quality and mechanical properties for mild steel compared to conventional TIG welding.
Synthesis and Mechanical Characterization of Aluminum-Graphene Metal Matrix b...dbpublications
The document summarizes research on synthesizing aluminum-graphene composites using powder metallurgy and characterizing the resulting material. Specifically, it discusses (1) creating aluminum composites with 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% graphene through powder mixing and sintering, (2) analyzing the microstructure, hardness, and wear properties of the forged and unforged composites, and (3) concluding that the 0.1% graphene forged composite exhibited the best properties like highest hardness and lowest wear rate due to its high density and uniform graphene dispersion from forging.
Performance of Composite Materials Using a Novel Techniqueinventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Comparison of Mechanical Properties of Austempered, Normalized and As-Weld Ca...IJAEMSJORNAL
More often than not, welded joints experience failure such as fracture which jeopardize their reliability and ergonomics when put in perspective. Attempting a significant improvement in the mechanical properties of welded joint through heat treatment could ensure joints stability and reduce the costs associated with constant repairs and replacements. In this study, the effects of heat treatments (austempering and normalization) on the mechanical properties of weldments were examined. The locally recycled steel sample was sourced from the Delta Steel Company Aladja, Delta State and the spectro-analysis was carried out on it. The test samples were machined as per properties for tests, fractured locally and were welded using shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) with stainless steel electrode. They were then heat treated in electric furnaces. The mechanical properties (tensile strength, yield strength, hardness and impact toughness) were determined and the microstructure examined using scanning electron microscope. They were also examined physically using hand lens. The result indicated that the austempered samples improved significantly in terms of its tensile strength, yield strength, hardness and ductility. It was also found that the untreated sample produced the greatest impact toughness. The result of the physical examination also suggested that heat treatment using oil based quenchant have the potential to inhibit rust at weld joints.
To find effects of GMAW parameters on Mechanical Properties of Aluminum AlloysIJERA Editor
The present research aims to investigate the effects of Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) on the mechanical
properties of different grades of aluminum alloys. GMAW is the most common method of joining aluminum
alloys used in various industrial processes. It replaces the Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) method of providing equally
high quality of joints with a much higher performance. Aluminum alloys under consideration for this
experiment will be from 6XXX series, consisting of Silicon and Magnesium as main alloying elements. Weld
joints Will be produced with the help of a Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) process. The Hardness, Tensile
strength, yield stresses and elongation will be the mechanical properties to be obtained. As aluminum alloys
show large micro structural changes after welding it is necessary to know about the effect of welding parameters
on the mechanical properties of weldements as too high welding current and too high welding speed will result
in high heat input and weakening of weld profile so a balance is need to be struck between welding parameters
and mechanical properties. Scattering Electron Microscopy (SEM) technique will be used to analyze micro
IRJET- Evaluation of Ernicrfe-7A Filler Wire for Dissimilar Welding of SS304H...IRJET Journal
This document evaluates the weldability and mechanical properties of dissimilar joints between stainless steel SS304H and steel T91, welded using an Inconel filler wire. Hot-wire gas tungsten arc welding was used to weld specimens with varying parameters. Microstructural characterization found increased hardness near the T91 fusion boundary. Tensile strength of cross-weld specimens at high temperatures was similar to T91 but higher than SS304H. Bend testing found no defects except a 1.93mm opening in one specimen, within acceptance criteria. The welding technique is suitable for joining SS304H and T91 for applications like advanced supercritical boilers.
This document discusses research into improving the mechanical properties of aluminum-zinc alloys through the addition of silicon carbide particles. Specifically, it examines the effects of adding silicon carbide to an aluminum-zinc alloy matrix on properties like strength, hardness, and wear resistance. The research finds that adding silicon carbide particles leads to significant increases in the alloy's ultimate tensile strength and hardness. These silicon carbide particle-reinforced metal matrix composites show potential for applications that require high wear resistance, such as in the automotive and aerospace industries.
IRJET- A Study on Mechanical Properties of Al 7075 Reinforced with TiC Pa...IRJET Journal
- Researchers produced aluminum metal matrix composites with titanium carbide particulate reinforcements using stir casting. Reinforcements of 3%, 5%, 7%, and 9% weight were tested.
- As reinforcement weight percentage increased, tensile strength and yield strength increased, reaching a maximum at 7% reinforcement. Elongation decreased with higher reinforcement.
- Hardness increased with higher reinforcement weight percentage, with the 7% composite exhibiting the best mechanical properties overall. The addition of titanium carbide improved properties through stress transfer from the aluminum matrix.
This document summarizes a student project titled "Study of Hybrid Fusion Welding on Mild Steel". The project involves experimenting with hybrid welding techniques that combine MIG and SAW welding. Experimental welds were performed on mild steel samples and measurements were taken of weld geometry attributes like bead width and penetration. Initial results found smaller heat-affected zones and better bead formation for hybrid MIG+SAW welds compared to individual processes. Further microhardness testing and microscopic analysis of weld microstructures will be conducted to characterize the welds.
The document describes a study on the mechanical properties of friction stir processed AA5754 sheet metal at different temperatures and strain rates. The objectives were to characterize the tensile properties of FSPed and base metal sheets under various conditions and develop a Johnson Cook model to predict flow stress. Tensile tests were conducted on FSPed and base metal specimens at temperatures from room temperature to 400°C and crosshead velocities from 1-200mm/min. The results showed that both yield strength and ultimate tensile strength generally decreased with increasing temperature and strain rate for both materials. The FSPed material exhibited higher ductility than the base metal across most test conditions.
Manufacturing of Surface Composite Al6351/SIC Using Friction Stir ProcessingIJSRD
Friction stir welding (FSW) is a relatively new solid-state joining process. This joining technique is energy efficient, environment friendly, and versatile. In particular, it can be used to join high-strength aerospace aluminum alloys and other metallic alloys that are hard to weld by conventional fusion welding. FSW is considered to be the most significant development in metal joining in a decade. Recently, friction stir processing (FSP) was developed for microstructural modification of metallic materials. In this study, SiC particles and Methanol paste were incorporated by using Friction Stir Processing (FSP) into the 6351 aluminum alloy to form particulate composite materials. Samples were subjected to traverse speeds of the FSP tool with and without Paste (SiC+ Methanol). Microstructural observations were carried out by employing optical microscopy of the modified surfaces. For the 100% overlapping, No. of passes caused grain modification in the processed zone.
EXPERIMENTAL OPTIMIZATION OF MILD STEEL ON TIG WELDINGIRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experiment on optimizing TIG welding parameters for mild steel. The experiment tested different welding currents and scan speeds to achieve full penetration welds on 5mm mild steel plates without filler material. Activated flux was also used to improve weld depth. Weld bead geometry and tensile strength of the welds were analyzed for different gaps maintained between plates. Maintaining an appropriate gap allowed for full penetration welds with strength similar to the base material.
The study of microstructural and mechanical properties of butt-welded plates ...IRJET Journal
The document is a literature review that discusses how MIG welding parameters affect the microstructure and mechanical properties of welded joints. It summarizes several studies that investigated:
1) The effect of heat input on the microstructure and properties of aluminum-zinc coated steel lap joints welded using MIG welding.
2) How the heat affected zone and tensile strength are affected in hybrid laser-MIG welds of aluminum alloy compared to MIG welds.
3) The relationship between welding speed, heat input, and temperature distribution in welded steel plates.
The literature review concludes that welding parameters like heat input, welding speed, and power source can significantly impact the microstructure, mechanical properties
IRJET- Mechanical Behavior of Aluminium-7075 Reinforced with Boron-Carbide (B...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research into the mechanical behavior of aluminum-7075 reinforced with boron carbide and graphite particles. Scanning electron microscopy revealed uniform distribution of the reinforcing particles in the aluminum matrix. Mechanical testing showed that adding the reinforcements increased the hardness, ultimate tensile strength, and yield strength of the composites compared to the unreinforced alloy. In particular, a composite with 4% boron carbide and 4% graphite particles exhibited the highest values for tensile strength and yield strength.
This document summarizes a study on the effect of adding graphite particles to an aluminum matrix composite reinforced with silicon carbide (SiC) particles. Samples were produced by stir casting of aluminum with 6 wt% SiC alone (SS), and with both 6 wt% SiC and 6 wt% graphite (SG). Tests showed that adding SiC alone improved hardness by 184.8% and compressive strength by 85%, while the hybrid composite saw more modest improvements of 33% and 23% respectively. Machining tests found that SiC alone increased surface roughness and cutting forces by 32-80% and 50.5-100%, but the hybrid saw lower increases of only 22.9-70.4% and 42
Studies on Al8081-B4C Metal Matrix Composites Fabricated by Stir Casting MethodIJMER
Aluminium MMCs are preferred in the fields of aerospace, military, automotive, marine and
in many other domestic applications. In the present work, an attempt has been made to develop and
study the, Mechanical properties of Al-8081/B4C reinforced aluminium metal matrix composites. The
composite was prepared by using Liquid Metallurgy Route (Stir Casting Technique). Liquid state has
some important advantages such as better matrix particle bonding, easier control of matrix structure,
simplicity, low cost of processing, nearer to net shape and wide selection of material. Al-8081 alloy
was taken as the base matrix to which B4C particulates are used as reinforcements. Al8081-B4C
composites were prepared by varying weight percentage of B4C i.e 0 to 6 %, in steps of two. The
objective is to study the effect of B4C particulates on mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile
strength, yield strength and hardness of Al8081 alloy composites. The results of this study revealed
that, as the B4C content was increased, there were significant increases in the ultimate tensile strength,
yield strength and hardness in the composites as compared to the base matrix
Flank wear measurement of al based metal matrix composite materials (mmc)Alexander Decker
This document discusses a study that measured flank wear on different cutting tool materials when machining an aluminum-silicon metal matrix composite (MMC) containing 5% silicon carbide particulate (SiCp) by volume. A range of cutting speeds and feed rates were used. The best performance was achieved using a titanium-coated carbide insert, which experienced lower flank wear than uncoated or aluminum oxide-coated carbide tools as the cutting speed increased. In general, higher cutting speeds led to faster tool wear across all tool materials tested.
An investigation of Effect of Mould Vibrations on Mechanical and Metallurgica...journal ijrtem
Abstract: Casting is one of the oldest and mostly used production processes in industry. The traditional casting has certain disadvantages like poor strength due to hot tears, shrinkage and poor surface finish. The property of casting process mostly depends on the microstructure after solidification. Providing Mould vibration during casting is one of the latest techniques employed in order to get better structure in the solidified casting. Mould vibration during casting gives reduced amount of shrinkage, better morphology, surface finish, and less chances of hot tear. In this research work, the effect of mould vibration during solidification of Aluminum 356alloys for different values of wavelengths at a fixed pouring temperature investigated to understand the modification in microstructure and mechanical properties of casting. The Al356 casting has been prepared in a graphite mould with and without vibrations. The frequencies are varied from 0 Hz to 20 Hz during the casting process. A casting has been made without vibration as well to compare the results of castings with vibration. The experimental results showed significant grain refinement and remarkably improvement in compression strength and hardness of castings with mechanical mould vibration during solidification. Key words: Mould Vibrations, Stir casting, Vibrating table, Ultimate tensile strength, hardness and microstructure.
IRJET - Dissimilar Welding of Alloy Steel and Stainless Steel by using Va...IRJET Journal
The document discusses dissimilar welding of alloy steel and stainless steel using cryogenic treatment. It first provides background on dissimilar welding and challenges associated with joining different metals. It then describes the materials used (alloy steel SS335 G12 and stainless steel SS 316), cryogenic equipment, and testing processes for hardness, impact resistance, and tensile strength. Results showed that cryogenic treatment improved mechanical properties like hardness, yield strength, and tensile strength compared to untreated specimens. The conclusions state that cryogenic treatment can further change metal structures and properties, improve mechanics, and reduce production costs.
A study on characterization of Al-18%Si alloy by centrifuge castingdbpublications
Aluminum-silicon alloy are characterized by light weight, good strength –to-weight ratio, ease of fabrication of at reasonable cost, high strength at elevated temperature, good thermal conductivity, excellent castability, good weldability, excellent corrosion and wear resistance property. Thus, these types of alloys are well suited for automotive industries, aerospace structural and military applications. In centrifuge casting solidification rate is faster compared to gravity casting, but still solidification depends on various process parameters like, cooling temperature of molten metal, rotational speed of the die and also wall thickness of die. In centrifuge casting the silicon deposition in aluminum varies from top to bottom. Here Al-Si functionally graded material is used and developed under centrifuge casting. The method used in this work to produce functionally graded material is totally different from other centrifugal casting which helped in producing solid cylindrical parts. This report describes about mechanical characterization of Al-18%Si at different temperature. At 950°C casting shows good ultimate tensile strength and harder metal compared to other casting.
IRJET- A Review of Tribological and Mechanical Investigation of Aluminum Bron...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study investigating the microstructure, mechanical properties, and wear behavior of aluminum bronze C95500 cast using horizontal centrifugal casting. Samples were cast at different pouring temperatures and mold rotation speeds, with and without melt treatment including degassing and deoxidation. Microstructure was analyzed in relation to hardness, tensile strength, and wear rate. The results showed that melt treatment and higher mold rotation speeds produced a finer microstructure and improved properties like increased hardness and tensile strength as well as decreased wear rate.
The document summarizes research on using activated flux in TIG welding of mild steel. Activated TIG welding involves brushing a thin layer of activated flux onto the welding joint before welding. Several studies found that activated flux can increase weld penetration, reduce weld width, and increase the depth-to-width ratio compared to conventional TIG welding. Cr2O3 flux produced the most significant effects in one study, increasing penetration on mild steel while decreasing hardness and increasing the depth-to-width ratio. Overall, activated flux aided TIG welding has been shown to improve weld quality and mechanical properties for mild steel compared to conventional TIG welding.
Synthesis and Mechanical Characterization of Aluminum-Graphene Metal Matrix b...dbpublications
The document summarizes research on synthesizing aluminum-graphene composites using powder metallurgy and characterizing the resulting material. Specifically, it discusses (1) creating aluminum composites with 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% graphene through powder mixing and sintering, (2) analyzing the microstructure, hardness, and wear properties of the forged and unforged composites, and (3) concluding that the 0.1% graphene forged composite exhibited the best properties like highest hardness and lowest wear rate due to its high density and uniform graphene dispersion from forging.
Performance of Composite Materials Using a Novel Techniqueinventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Comparison of Mechanical Properties of Austempered, Normalized and As-Weld Ca...IJAEMSJORNAL
More often than not, welded joints experience failure such as fracture which jeopardize their reliability and ergonomics when put in perspective. Attempting a significant improvement in the mechanical properties of welded joint through heat treatment could ensure joints stability and reduce the costs associated with constant repairs and replacements. In this study, the effects of heat treatments (austempering and normalization) on the mechanical properties of weldments were examined. The locally recycled steel sample was sourced from the Delta Steel Company Aladja, Delta State and the spectro-analysis was carried out on it. The test samples were machined as per properties for tests, fractured locally and were welded using shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) with stainless steel electrode. They were then heat treated in electric furnaces. The mechanical properties (tensile strength, yield strength, hardness and impact toughness) were determined and the microstructure examined using scanning electron microscope. They were also examined physically using hand lens. The result indicated that the austempered samples improved significantly in terms of its tensile strength, yield strength, hardness and ductility. It was also found that the untreated sample produced the greatest impact toughness. The result of the physical examination also suggested that heat treatment using oil based quenchant have the potential to inhibit rust at weld joints.
To find effects of GMAW parameters on Mechanical Properties of Aluminum AlloysIJERA Editor
The present research aims to investigate the effects of Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) on the mechanical
properties of different grades of aluminum alloys. GMAW is the most common method of joining aluminum
alloys used in various industrial processes. It replaces the Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) method of providing equally
high quality of joints with a much higher performance. Aluminum alloys under consideration for this
experiment will be from 6XXX series, consisting of Silicon and Magnesium as main alloying elements. Weld
joints Will be produced with the help of a Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) process. The Hardness, Tensile
strength, yield stresses and elongation will be the mechanical properties to be obtained. As aluminum alloys
show large micro structural changes after welding it is necessary to know about the effect of welding parameters
on the mechanical properties of weldements as too high welding current and too high welding speed will result
in high heat input and weakening of weld profile so a balance is need to be struck between welding parameters
and mechanical properties. Scattering Electron Microscopy (SEM) technique will be used to analyze micro
IRJET- Evaluation of Ernicrfe-7A Filler Wire for Dissimilar Welding of SS304H...IRJET Journal
This document evaluates the weldability and mechanical properties of dissimilar joints between stainless steel SS304H and steel T91, welded using an Inconel filler wire. Hot-wire gas tungsten arc welding was used to weld specimens with varying parameters. Microstructural characterization found increased hardness near the T91 fusion boundary. Tensile strength of cross-weld specimens at high temperatures was similar to T91 but higher than SS304H. Bend testing found no defects except a 1.93mm opening in one specimen, within acceptance criteria. The welding technique is suitable for joining SS304H and T91 for applications like advanced supercritical boilers.
This document discusses research into improving the mechanical properties of aluminum-zinc alloys through the addition of silicon carbide particles. Specifically, it examines the effects of adding silicon carbide to an aluminum-zinc alloy matrix on properties like strength, hardness, and wear resistance. The research finds that adding silicon carbide particles leads to significant increases in the alloy's ultimate tensile strength and hardness. These silicon carbide particle-reinforced metal matrix composites show potential for applications that require high wear resistance, such as in the automotive and aerospace industries.
IRJET- A Study on Mechanical Properties of Al 7075 Reinforced with TiC Pa...IRJET Journal
- Researchers produced aluminum metal matrix composites with titanium carbide particulate reinforcements using stir casting. Reinforcements of 3%, 5%, 7%, and 9% weight were tested.
- As reinforcement weight percentage increased, tensile strength and yield strength increased, reaching a maximum at 7% reinforcement. Elongation decreased with higher reinforcement.
- Hardness increased with higher reinforcement weight percentage, with the 7% composite exhibiting the best mechanical properties overall. The addition of titanium carbide improved properties through stress transfer from the aluminum matrix.
This document summarizes a student project titled "Study of Hybrid Fusion Welding on Mild Steel". The project involves experimenting with hybrid welding techniques that combine MIG and SAW welding. Experimental welds were performed on mild steel samples and measurements were taken of weld geometry attributes like bead width and penetration. Initial results found smaller heat-affected zones and better bead formation for hybrid MIG+SAW welds compared to individual processes. Further microhardness testing and microscopic analysis of weld microstructures will be conducted to characterize the welds.
The document describes a study on the mechanical properties of friction stir processed AA5754 sheet metal at different temperatures and strain rates. The objectives were to characterize the tensile properties of FSPed and base metal sheets under various conditions and develop a Johnson Cook model to predict flow stress. Tensile tests were conducted on FSPed and base metal specimens at temperatures from room temperature to 400°C and crosshead velocities from 1-200mm/min. The results showed that both yield strength and ultimate tensile strength generally decreased with increasing temperature and strain rate for both materials. The FSPed material exhibited higher ductility than the base metal across most test conditions.
Manufacturing of Surface Composite Al6351/SIC Using Friction Stir ProcessingIJSRD
Friction stir welding (FSW) is a relatively new solid-state joining process. This joining technique is energy efficient, environment friendly, and versatile. In particular, it can be used to join high-strength aerospace aluminum alloys and other metallic alloys that are hard to weld by conventional fusion welding. FSW is considered to be the most significant development in metal joining in a decade. Recently, friction stir processing (FSP) was developed for microstructural modification of metallic materials. In this study, SiC particles and Methanol paste were incorporated by using Friction Stir Processing (FSP) into the 6351 aluminum alloy to form particulate composite materials. Samples were subjected to traverse speeds of the FSP tool with and without Paste (SiC+ Methanol). Microstructural observations were carried out by employing optical microscopy of the modified surfaces. For the 100% overlapping, No. of passes caused grain modification in the processed zone.
EXPERIMENTAL OPTIMIZATION OF MILD STEEL ON TIG WELDINGIRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experiment on optimizing TIG welding parameters for mild steel. The experiment tested different welding currents and scan speeds to achieve full penetration welds on 5mm mild steel plates without filler material. Activated flux was also used to improve weld depth. Weld bead geometry and tensile strength of the welds were analyzed for different gaps maintained between plates. Maintaining an appropriate gap allowed for full penetration welds with strength similar to the base material.
The study of microstructural and mechanical properties of butt-welded plates ...IRJET Journal
The document is a literature review that discusses how MIG welding parameters affect the microstructure and mechanical properties of welded joints. It summarizes several studies that investigated:
1) The effect of heat input on the microstructure and properties of aluminum-zinc coated steel lap joints welded using MIG welding.
2) How the heat affected zone and tensile strength are affected in hybrid laser-MIG welds of aluminum alloy compared to MIG welds.
3) The relationship between welding speed, heat input, and temperature distribution in welded steel plates.
The literature review concludes that welding parameters like heat input, welding speed, and power source can significantly impact the microstructure, mechanical properties
Research into Properties of Spot Welded Steel Sheetsijtsrd
The contribution deals with parameter optimalization of resistance spot welding for hot dip zinc coated steel sheets. The mechanical properties and metallographic observation of welded joints on galvanized steel sheets were performed. Uncoated sheets from the same material were used for comparison of particular properties. The results showed that welding parameter optimalization is very important for welding of galvanized steel sheets. LuboÅ¡ KaÅ¡c¡k | Denis Cmorej "Research into Properties of Spot Welded Steel Sheets" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29773.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/29773/research-into-properties-of-spot-welded-steel-sheets/lubo%C5%A1-ka%C5%A1c%C3%A1k
An Investigation on Effect of Welding Speed on Strength of Welded Joint using...IRJET Journal
This document investigates the effect of welding speed on the strength of welds using the TIG welding process. Specifically, it examines welding aluminum alloy AA6063 and AA5083 at various speeds ranging from 0.3 to 1.2 cm/sec. Tensile tests were performed on specimens welded at different speeds. The results showed that maximum tensile strength of 234 MPa was achieved at a welding speed of 0.6 cm/sec, while strength decreased at the highest speed of 1.2 cm/sec. In general, welding strength was lower than the base metal. The study aimed to determine the optimal welding speed to achieve high weld strength.
Performance of Armor Steel Gas Metal Arc Welded JointsIRJET Journal
This document discusses the performance of armor steel gas metal arc welded joints. It investigates welding Armox 500 T armor steel using the gas metal arc welding process with two different filler metals and joint configurations. The goal is to determine if the welded joints meet required tensile strength and absorbed energy standards. Results show that both single V-joint and single bevel joint configurations passed requirements, whether using carbon steel or austenitic stainless steel filler wire. Dilution was observed in single V joints and increased in single bevel joints. Increasing cooling rate improved strength and hardness near the weld. Both configurations also passed impact testing at -40°C. Corrosion rates of the welded joints were lower than the
IRJET- Evaluation of Mechanical and Metallurgical Properties of TIG Welded Al...IRJET Journal
1. The document evaluates the mechanical and metallurgical properties of TIG welded aluminum alloy joints. AA5083 aluminum alloy was welded using TIG welding.
2. Various tests were conducted on the welded joints, including microhardness testing, tensile testing, and microstructural analysis. Microhardness was highest in the weld zone due to changes in microstructure from welding.
3. Tensile testing results showed that the ultimate tensile strength decreased from 385 MPa in the base material to 225 MPa in the welded material, likely due to changes in microstructure and properties from the welding process.
IRJET- A Review on Parametric Optimization of Aluminium Alloy 5754 For MI...IRJET Journal
This document reviews research on optimizing parameters for metal inert gas (MIG) welding of aluminum alloy 5754. MIG welding parameters like current, voltage, welding speed, wire feed rate, and gas flow rate influence properties of the weld like strength, geometry, and microstructure. Previous studies optimized these parameters using Taguchi methods to obtain the best combination for quality. One study found that increasing voltage and gas flow rate while decreasing current improved weld strength. High-speed imaging was also used to show that continuous and pulsed ultrasonic-assisted MIG welding reduce necking and increase penetration compared to conventional MIG. Overall, the document discusses how optimization of MIG parameters can improve weld quality for aluminum alloy 5754
IRJET- Advanced Welding Processes for Distortion Reduction: A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document reviews various advanced welding processes for reducing distortion compared to conventional arc welding processes. It summarizes research comparing the effects of cold metal transfer (CMT) welding, autogenous laser welding, hybrid laser-gas metal arc (GMA) welding, and hybrid laser-magnetic welding on distortion. Studies show these advanced processes generate less heat input and result in lower distortion compared to submerged arc welding and pulsed GMA welding. Specifically, laser welding and laser hybrid welding produce the least amount of angular distortion and transverse displacement. The document concludes advanced welding techniques offer benefits over conventional arc welding in terms of improved weld quality and reduced distortion.
Optimization of Weld Bead Parameters of Nickel Based Overlay Deposited by Pla...IJERA Editor
Plasma Transferred Arc surfacing is a kind of Plasma Transferred Arc Welding process. Plasma Transferred Arc surfacing (PTA) is increasingly used in applications where enhancement of wear, corrosion and heat resistance of materials surface is required. The shape of weld bead geometry affected by the PTA Welding process parameters is an indication of the quality of the weld. In this paper the analysis and optimization of weld bead parameters, during deposition of a Nickel based alloy Colmonoy on stainless steel plate by plasma transferred arc surfacing, are made and values of process parameters to produce optimal weld bead geometry are estimated. The experiments are conducted based on a five input process parameters and mathematical models are developed using multiple regression technique. The direct effects of input process parameters on weld bead geometry are discussed using graphs. Finally, optimization of the weld bead parameters, that is minimization of penetration and maximization of reinforcement and weld bead width, are made with a view to economize the input process parameters to achieve the desirable welding joint.
Experimental Investigation of Resistance Spot Welding of IF Steel SheetsIRJET Journal
The document describes an experimental investigation into optimizing the resistance spot welding (RSW) parameters for welding interstitial free (IF) steel sheets. The researchers conducted RSW experiments using different levels of welding current, time, and pressure based on a Taguchi L9 orthogonal array design of experiments. They measured the tensile-shear (T-S) strength of each weld and analyzed the results using the Signal-to-Noise ratio to determine the optimal welding parameters. Their goal was to maximize weld quality and T-S strength by optimizing the RSW input parameters for IF steel sheets using the Taguchi method.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document discusses the development of an in-situ repair welding procedure for cracks found in steam turbine shrouds and blades made of martensitic stainless steel. Researchers at Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research developed a procedure using gas tungsten arc welding and an austenitic stainless steel filler wire. Localized post-weld heat treatment was also conducted on the repair welds. This procedure was then successfully used to repair cracks in several power plants, and the repaired components performed satisfactorily for over three years of service.
This document discusses the development of an in-situ repair welding procedure for cracks found in steam turbine shrouds and blades made of martensitic stainless steel. Researchers at Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research developed a procedure using gas tungsten arc welding and an austenitic stainless steel filler wire. Localized post-weld heat treatment was also conducted on the repair welds. This procedure was then successfully used to repair cracks in several power plants, and the repaired components performed satisfactorily for over three years of service.
Study on Gas Metal Arc Welding in S235 SteelIRJET Journal
The document studies gas metal arc welding (GMAW) of S235 high-strength steel. Samples of S235 steel were butt welded using GMAW with varying parameters like current, voltage, welding speed, and wire feed. The welded samples were tested for tensile strength, yield strength, hardness, and microstructure. The results showed that sample 3 with 21.9V current, 170A, and 70mm/min welding speed achieved the highest tensile strength of 560MPa and yield strength of 488MPa. Sample 5 with 21.3V, 150A, and 60mm/min achieved the highest hardness of 87. Microstructural analysis found samples 3 and 5 had the best grain structure
IRJET- Mechanical and Tribological Characterisation of Sintered Iron and Alu...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on developing sintered iron-based alloys with varying compositions of iron, aluminium, nickel, and chromium using powder metallurgy techniques. Metal powders were compacted and sintered at high temperatures to produce test specimens. Mechanical properties like hardness and compressive strength were evaluated. The alloys with 30% iron, 30% aluminium, 15% nickel, and 15% chromium demonstrated the highest hardness and strength. The research aims to determine alloy compositions that improve tribological properties for applications in machine elements like gears and bearings.
IRJET - Effect of Groove Angle on Tensile Strength and Micro-hardness of AISI...IRJET Journal
The document summarizes a study that investigated the effect of groove angle on the tensile strength and microhardness of gas tungsten arc welded AISI 304 stainless steel joints. Three joints were fabricated with groove angles of 45, 60, and 75 degrees and root gaps of 1, 1.5, and 2 mm, respectively. Tensile and microhardness tests found that the joint with the smallest groove angle of 45 degrees possessed the highest tensile strength of 652 MPa and maximum microhardness of 236 HV. In general, tensile strength and microhardness decreased as groove angle increased. The study concluded that smaller groove angles produced welded joints with better tensile strength
EFFECT OF TiO2 NANOPARTICLES ON FRICTION STIR WELDED JOINTS OF AA8011 ALUMINI...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study investigating the effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on friction stir welded joints of AA8011 aluminum alloy. AA8011 aluminum alloy plates were friction stir welded with TiO2 nanoparticles added to the weld groove before welding. Various welding parameters were varied to evaluate their effect on the mechanical properties and microstructure of the welded joints. Tensile tests, impact tests, and microhardness tests were performed on the welded joints and results were compared to published data. The maximum tensile strength and impact value obtained were 52.98 MPa and 5.0 joules, respectively, at a rotational speed of 1400 RPM and welding speed of 25mm/min.
IRJET- Optimization on Friction Welding of Duplex Stainless Steel-S31803IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research optimizing friction welding parameters for joining duplex stainless steel S31803. 12 specimens were friction welded with varying friction load, friction time, forging load, and forging time. Microstructure analysis, hardness testing, tensile testing, bending testing, and impact testing were performed on the welded specimens. Hardness testing revealed the weld metal zone was softer than the base metal zone. Tensile testing showed ultimate strengths up to 574 MPa. Microstructure analysis showed a mixture of recrystallized grains in the weldment. Optimization of welding parameters is important for producing high quality welds of duplex stainless steel S31803.
“EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF MIG WELDING PARAMETERS FOR HARDNESS AND WELD-B...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental investigation into the effects of metal inert gas (MIG) welding parameters on hardness and weld bead quality in mild steel. The parameters tested were welding current, voltage, and weld speed. Specimens were welded with varying parameters and tested for hardness using a Rockwell hardness tester and surface quality using scanning electron microscopy. The literature review discusses past research that also investigated how MIG welding parameters affect properties like hardness, tensile strength, and weld bead quality and geometry. The experiments used an L9 orthogonal array to test different parameter levels and analyze the results using ANOVA to determine each parameter's influence.
Parametric Optimization on MIG Welded EN8 Material Joints by using Taguchi Me...ijsrd.com
Welding is a manufacturing process, which is carried out for joining of metals. By MIG Welding it is possible to weld in all positions. Optimization of the parameter will be carried out by Taguchi method. We will use EN-8 material which is more use in Automobile parts. EN8 plate with dimensions 250mm x 125mm x 6mm with V- Groove 650.Where the input parameters are welding current, Wire feed and gas flow rate and output parameters are tensile strength and Hardness.
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TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.