Gongronema latifolium is primarily used as spice and vegetable as well as a herb in traditional medicine in the treatment of malaria, diabetes and hypertension. This study is aimed at providing in vitro laboratory knowledge on Gongronema latifolium leaves.Methods: Minerals were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer while phyto-nutrients were screened using standard laboratory procedures. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-radical scavenging and reducing power activities were determined spectrophotometrically. Usunobun Usunomena | Igwe V. Chinwe"Analysis of phytochemicals, minerals and in vitro antioxidant activities of Gongronema latifolium leaves" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-4 , June 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd87.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/87/analysis-of-phytochemicals-minerals-and-in-vitro-antioxidant-activities-of-gongronema-latifolium-leaves/usunobun-usunomena
Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity in leaves of Dodonaea viscosa L.BRNSS Publication Hub
The present investigation was focused on the phytochemical screening, Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectral analysis, and antioxidant activity of Dodonaea viscosa using various organic solvent extracts. Ethanol and petroleum ether leaf extracts from the leaves D. viscosa were tested for the presence of phytochemical constituents, FT-IR analysis, and antioxidant was carried the qualitative analysis of phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, thiols, glycosides, resins, and saponins, and was richly present in petroleum ether and methanolic extracts compared to other extracts. The FT-IR spectrum showed the presence of carbonyls (C=O), phenol (C-O), thioethers (C-S), disulfides (S-S), normal polymeric O-H, phenolic compounds, and arylthio ethers. Plant extracts were screened for the antioxidant activity evaluating their 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical in scavenging ability. The total ascorbic acid content of the extracts was also evaluated. The results revealed that D. viscosa had the best DPPH scavenging activity with a value of ethanolic extract and was better than that of the standard ascorbic acid extract gave the highest ascorbic acid content of D. viscosa.
The bioactive phytochemicals in Gouania longipetala was determined using GCMS analysis. The
extract was prepared using Soxhlet`s extraction method and concentrated at 35oC in hot air oven. GCMS
analyzes phytochemicals in plant by demonstrating the structures of the chemical compounds in it. The gas
chromatogram showed the presence of eight phytochemicals. The molecular mass of the phytochemicals were
established based on the molecular ion in the mass spectra. Identification of the phytochemicals was based on
comparison with National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) database. The identified
phytochemicals with their peak area percentages are 11,14-octadecadienoic acid (1.72%), Hexadecanoic acid
also known as Palmitic acid (19.86%), 9,11-octadecadienoic acid (1.33%), 9,12,15-Octadecatrien-1-ol (2.92%),
9-Octadecenoic acid (56.40%), Ethyl palmitate (9.42%), 17-carboxyheptadec-9-en-1-ylium (1.70%) and
Glutaric acid, isobutyl 2-nitrophenyl ester (6.65%). These identified compounds exhibited the following
bioactivities; inhibition of uric acid, urine acidifiers, amino acid decarboxylase activity, arachidonic acid
inhibitor, oligosaccharide provider, decrease endothelial leukocyte and platelet adhesion . Gouania longipetala
therefore contain active phytochemicals that may be beneficial in pharmacognosy. We recommend further work
to be done on its isolation and synthesis.
Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity in leaves of Dodonaea viscosa L.BRNSS Publication Hub
The present investigation was focused on the phytochemical screening, Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectral analysis, and antioxidant activity of Dodonaea viscosa using various organic solvent extracts. Ethanol and petroleum ether leaf extracts from the leaves D. viscosa were tested for the presence of phytochemical constituents, FT-IR analysis, and antioxidant was carried the qualitative analysis of phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, thiols, glycosides, resins, and saponins, and was richly present in petroleum ether and methanolic extracts compared to other extracts. The FT-IR spectrum showed the presence of carbonyls (C=O), phenol (C-O), thioethers (C-S), disulfides (S-S), normal polymeric O-H, phenolic compounds, and arylthio ethers. Plant extracts were screened for the antioxidant activity evaluating their 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical in scavenging ability. The total ascorbic acid content of the extracts was also evaluated. The results revealed that D. viscosa had the best DPPH scavenging activity with a value of ethanolic extract and was better than that of the standard ascorbic acid extract gave the highest ascorbic acid content of D. viscosa.
The bioactive phytochemicals in Gouania longipetala was determined using GCMS analysis. The
extract was prepared using Soxhlet`s extraction method and concentrated at 35oC in hot air oven. GCMS
analyzes phytochemicals in plant by demonstrating the structures of the chemical compounds in it. The gas
chromatogram showed the presence of eight phytochemicals. The molecular mass of the phytochemicals were
established based on the molecular ion in the mass spectra. Identification of the phytochemicals was based on
comparison with National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) database. The identified
phytochemicals with their peak area percentages are 11,14-octadecadienoic acid (1.72%), Hexadecanoic acid
also known as Palmitic acid (19.86%), 9,11-octadecadienoic acid (1.33%), 9,12,15-Octadecatrien-1-ol (2.92%),
9-Octadecenoic acid (56.40%), Ethyl palmitate (9.42%), 17-carboxyheptadec-9-en-1-ylium (1.70%) and
Glutaric acid, isobutyl 2-nitrophenyl ester (6.65%). These identified compounds exhibited the following
bioactivities; inhibition of uric acid, urine acidifiers, amino acid decarboxylase activity, arachidonic acid
inhibitor, oligosaccharide provider, decrease endothelial leukocyte and platelet adhesion . Gouania longipetala
therefore contain active phytochemicals that may be beneficial in pharmacognosy. We recommend further work
to be done on its isolation and synthesis.
Inductive Toxic-Mopping (IT-m) and Carotenogenic Bioconversion Properties of ...iosrjce
Environmental impurities and degrading substances are major causes of pollution. On-going efforts
to cut the world’s carbon emission have been an uphill battle with the unknown. Because of the importance of
some photosynthetic bacteria, viable, efficient and environment-friendly biological remediation researches have
therefore become inevitably important. In search of these criteria, there was the need for the logical merger of
efficacy of the mop-up capability of the biological agents and productive beneficial end-results. We studied the
previously identified thermophilic species of photosynthetic bacterium, Rhodocista pekingensis isolated from a
local hot spring in Malaysia. Inductive Toxic-mopping (IT-m) technique was used to assess the production of
bacteriocarotenoids by metabolic bioconversion process of eight toxic chemical compounds by Rhodocista
pekingensis. Results showed a positive response to four of the toxic chemical compounds with the production of
65±5 mg/L, 63±3 mg/L, 59±3 mg/L and 53±6 mg/L yields of raw bacteriocarotenoid in DMSO, Methanol,
Isopropyl alcohol and Dubai crude respectively when compared with 65±3 mg/l of raw bacteriocarotenoid
produced in the Control experiment. Four of the toxic compounds were efficient to trigger carotenogenic
processes needed in the production of beneficial bacteriocarotenoids, two were mild and two others were
inadequate to trigger a substantial process. The improvement in carotenoid production with the assimilated
toxic chemicals corroborated the efficiency of the Inductive Toxic-mopping Bioremediation pattern and
beneficial convertibility of chemical wastes by Rhodocista pekingensis
Studies on Aminobenzothiazole and Derivatives: Part-2. Synthesis of Intermedi...BRNSS Publication Hub
The substituted phenylthiourea is used as intermediate in different reactions because they play an important role in synthesizing the heterocyclic compounds. These reactions involve the synthesis of an intermediate phenylammonium chloride which is converted to substituted thiourea using ammonium thiocyanate. The final product formed, substituted phenylthiourea has potential to use as an intermediate in the synthesis of a building block for the heterocyclic compound, 2-aminobenzothiazole.
Free radical scavenging activity, phytochemistry and antimicrobial properties...Premier Publishers
This study is aimed at investigating the phytochemistry, free radical scavenging activity and antimicrobial properties of Tetrapleura tetraptera seeds. The results of the analysis of Tetrapleura tetraptera seeds showed the presence of phenols (0.34 %), flavonoids (0.91 %), alkaloids (0.52 %), tannins (0.23 %) and saponins (0.51 %). Vitamins include ascorbic acid (5.23 %), riboflavin (0.11 %), niacin (1.25 %),-carotenoid (3.40 %) and thiamine (0.06 %). Proximate compositions were moisture (14.73 %), ash (7.30 %), crude protein (17.36 %), crude fibre (6.68 %) and lipids (35.19 %). Mineral elements were calcium (1.41 %), magnesium (0.48 %), potassium (0.56 %), sodium (0.21 %), phosphorus (0.32 %), iron (1.20 %), copper (0.13 %) and zinc (0.77 %). The seed extract showed potent free radical scavenging activity (6.72 – 22.8 %) using ascorbic acid as a standard (12.10 - 42.00 %). The seed extract exhibited significant antimicrobial activity (7.00 – 20.00 mm) and the zones of inhibition were compared with that of ciprofloxacin as standard (15.00 – 28.00 mm). From these investigations, seed extract of Tetrapleura tetraptera has proven to be considered an excellent source of nutriceuticals, a potential antioxidant and antimicrobial agents owing to its high level of phytochemical and vitamin constituents.
Assessment of Asymptomatic Urinary Tract Infection and Susceptibility of Anti...BRNSS Publication Hub
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common and serious health problem affecting many people each year around the world especially females. Therapy of UTI relies on the predictability of the agents causing UTI and knowledge of their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in two major hospitals of Western Nepal. Tools for data collection were a data collection form. A total of 400 patient’s file with suspected UTI were reviewed, out of which 173 (43.3%) of the suspected samples showed the presence of potential pathogens causing UTI. UTI was most prevalent in females of age group of 21–30 years. Escherichia coli was the predominant (65.1%) bacterial pathogen. Amikacin was found to be the most sensitive antimicrobial followed by nitrofurantoin and gentamicin. Ampicillin showed a higher percentage of resistant, compared to other antimicrobials. As drug resistance among bacterial pathogens is an evolving process, regular surveillance and monitoring are necessary to provide effective treatment of UTIs.
Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Studies of Extracts from the Leaves of Tithon...IOSR Journals
Phytochemical screening of extracts from the leaves of Tithonia diversifolia displayed the presence of
Alkaloids, Saponin, Saponin glycoside, Tannin, Balsam, Cardiac glycoside and Volatile oil. Spectrophotometric
analysis for trace metals, Phosphorus and Sulphur showed that T. diversifolia contained Mn (0.490+0.001
mg/100g), Zn (1.609+0.001 mg/100g), Cu (0.454+0.001 mg/100g), Ni (0.758+0.001 mg/100g), Fe
(0.690+0.002 mg/100g), P (55.62+0.200 mg/100g) and S (709+1.000 mg/100g). The medicinal properties of
the extract were evaluated in-vitro by antimicrobial and antifungal assays. The aqueous extract (but not
methanol and petroleum ether extracts) showed growth inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus and
Escherichia coli, but Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were resistant to all the plant
extracts and the antibiotic controls. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the aqueous extract of T.
diversifolia on S. aureus and E. coli were both 12.50mg. The Minimum Bacterial Concentration (MBC) of the
aqueous extract against the test organism ranged from 12.50mg to 25.00mg.
In vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of the various e...Akhil Gupta
The present study was designed to investigate antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential of pet ether, chloroform and methanol extracts of Ganoderma lucidum available in Bangladesh.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Antioxidant and-anticancer-activities-of-moringa-leavesSilentdisco Berlin
Moringa is a plantfood of high nutritional value, ecologically and economically beneficial and readily available in the countries hardest hit by the food crisis. http://miracletrees.org/ http://moringatrees.org/
The word “banana” is a general term comprising a number of species or hybrids in the genus Musa of family Musaceae. Many studies reported that banana is a good source of phenolic compounds, which are having potential health benefits in human beings. The phytochemical composition of eight banana varieties was investigated. Quantitative estimation of phytochemicals revealed that highest alkaloid and tannin content was noticed in variety Nendran (3.76% and 4.40 mg/100g respectively). Whereas, variety Rasakadali exhibited highest flavonoid content (9.49 mg/100). Total phenol and saponin content was found higher in variety Kadali (0.82% and 11.6 mg/100g respectively).
Phytochemical screening and in vitro antioxidant activity of extracts of jasm...SriramNagarajan16
Objectives
The aims of this research were to carry out the preliminary phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity
of different extracts of J. sessiliflorum. The different anti-oxidant methods carried out were DPPH
scavenging method, NBT dye reduction method and nitric oxide scavenging method
Methods
Extracts were prepared by reflux method using different polarity solvents. The extracts were evap orated
using rotary evaporator. Antioxidant activities using DPPH, NBT dye reduction method and nitric oxide
scavenging methods and the correlation of their IC50 values with standards were carried out.
Results
The ethanolic herbs extract of J. sessiliflorum had the lowest IC50 values in all the anti-oxidant methods.
Moreover, the ethanolic extracts showed the presence greatest amount of phytochemical constituents. The
IC50 values were correlated with the IC50 values of standards in all the anti- oxidant activity determination
methods.
Conclusions
The results of the present study indicate that the extracts of J.sessiliflorum exhibited strong antioxidant
activity and thus it is a good source of antioxidant.
Identification and evaluation of antifungal compounds from botanicals for the...researchagriculture
Red rot is a devastating disease in sugarcane caused by fungus, Colletotrichum falcatum. In this study, eighteen different botanicals were screened for identifying effective antifungal compound against C. falcatum. Among the plants screened, 15 per cent aqueous leaf extract of Psoralea corylifolia alone inhibited 100 per cent growth of both mycelium as well as spore germination under in vitro conditions. The extract did not exhibit any inhibitory effect to the beneficial microbes viz., Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus megaterium and Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus which are normally used in sugarcane. The effective plant extracts exhibiting 100 per cent antifungal activity was subjected to TLC, HPLC and GC-MS analysis to identify the bioactive antifungal compound. It revealed the presence of 7H-furo [3,2-G] (1) benzopyran-7-one as main bioactive compound which is thought to be the intermediate of antifungal compound, 8 – methoxypsoralen formed during biosynthesis.
Article Citation:
Rajkumar D and Murugesan R.
Identification and Evaluation of Antifungal Compounds from Botanicals for the Control of Sugarcane Red Rot Pathogen, Colletotrichum falcatum.
Journal of Research in Agriculture (2013) 2(1): 164-172.
Full Text:
http://www.jagri.info/documents/AG0044.pdf
Comprehensive study on pharmacognostic, physico and phytochemical evaluation ...Uploadworld
Terminalia arjuna Roxb. (Family-Combretaceae) is commonly known as Arjun tree and valued for its medicinal uses. In the present investigation, the detailed pharmacognostic study of T. arjuna stem bark (TASB) is carried out to lay down the standards which could be useful in forthcoming experimental studies.
Inductive Toxic-Mopping (IT-m) and Carotenogenic Bioconversion Properties of ...iosrjce
Environmental impurities and degrading substances are major causes of pollution. On-going efforts
to cut the world’s carbon emission have been an uphill battle with the unknown. Because of the importance of
some photosynthetic bacteria, viable, efficient and environment-friendly biological remediation researches have
therefore become inevitably important. In search of these criteria, there was the need for the logical merger of
efficacy of the mop-up capability of the biological agents and productive beneficial end-results. We studied the
previously identified thermophilic species of photosynthetic bacterium, Rhodocista pekingensis isolated from a
local hot spring in Malaysia. Inductive Toxic-mopping (IT-m) technique was used to assess the production of
bacteriocarotenoids by metabolic bioconversion process of eight toxic chemical compounds by Rhodocista
pekingensis. Results showed a positive response to four of the toxic chemical compounds with the production of
65±5 mg/L, 63±3 mg/L, 59±3 mg/L and 53±6 mg/L yields of raw bacteriocarotenoid in DMSO, Methanol,
Isopropyl alcohol and Dubai crude respectively when compared with 65±3 mg/l of raw bacteriocarotenoid
produced in the Control experiment. Four of the toxic compounds were efficient to trigger carotenogenic
processes needed in the production of beneficial bacteriocarotenoids, two were mild and two others were
inadequate to trigger a substantial process. The improvement in carotenoid production with the assimilated
toxic chemicals corroborated the efficiency of the Inductive Toxic-mopping Bioremediation pattern and
beneficial convertibility of chemical wastes by Rhodocista pekingensis
Studies on Aminobenzothiazole and Derivatives: Part-2. Synthesis of Intermedi...BRNSS Publication Hub
The substituted phenylthiourea is used as intermediate in different reactions because they play an important role in synthesizing the heterocyclic compounds. These reactions involve the synthesis of an intermediate phenylammonium chloride which is converted to substituted thiourea using ammonium thiocyanate. The final product formed, substituted phenylthiourea has potential to use as an intermediate in the synthesis of a building block for the heterocyclic compound, 2-aminobenzothiazole.
Free radical scavenging activity, phytochemistry and antimicrobial properties...Premier Publishers
This study is aimed at investigating the phytochemistry, free radical scavenging activity and antimicrobial properties of Tetrapleura tetraptera seeds. The results of the analysis of Tetrapleura tetraptera seeds showed the presence of phenols (0.34 %), flavonoids (0.91 %), alkaloids (0.52 %), tannins (0.23 %) and saponins (0.51 %). Vitamins include ascorbic acid (5.23 %), riboflavin (0.11 %), niacin (1.25 %),-carotenoid (3.40 %) and thiamine (0.06 %). Proximate compositions were moisture (14.73 %), ash (7.30 %), crude protein (17.36 %), crude fibre (6.68 %) and lipids (35.19 %). Mineral elements were calcium (1.41 %), magnesium (0.48 %), potassium (0.56 %), sodium (0.21 %), phosphorus (0.32 %), iron (1.20 %), copper (0.13 %) and zinc (0.77 %). The seed extract showed potent free radical scavenging activity (6.72 – 22.8 %) using ascorbic acid as a standard (12.10 - 42.00 %). The seed extract exhibited significant antimicrobial activity (7.00 – 20.00 mm) and the zones of inhibition were compared with that of ciprofloxacin as standard (15.00 – 28.00 mm). From these investigations, seed extract of Tetrapleura tetraptera has proven to be considered an excellent source of nutriceuticals, a potential antioxidant and antimicrobial agents owing to its high level of phytochemical and vitamin constituents.
Assessment of Asymptomatic Urinary Tract Infection and Susceptibility of Anti...BRNSS Publication Hub
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common and serious health problem affecting many people each year around the world especially females. Therapy of UTI relies on the predictability of the agents causing UTI and knowledge of their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in two major hospitals of Western Nepal. Tools for data collection were a data collection form. A total of 400 patient’s file with suspected UTI were reviewed, out of which 173 (43.3%) of the suspected samples showed the presence of potential pathogens causing UTI. UTI was most prevalent in females of age group of 21–30 years. Escherichia coli was the predominant (65.1%) bacterial pathogen. Amikacin was found to be the most sensitive antimicrobial followed by nitrofurantoin and gentamicin. Ampicillin showed a higher percentage of resistant, compared to other antimicrobials. As drug resistance among bacterial pathogens is an evolving process, regular surveillance and monitoring are necessary to provide effective treatment of UTIs.
Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Studies of Extracts from the Leaves of Tithon...IOSR Journals
Phytochemical screening of extracts from the leaves of Tithonia diversifolia displayed the presence of
Alkaloids, Saponin, Saponin glycoside, Tannin, Balsam, Cardiac glycoside and Volatile oil. Spectrophotometric
analysis for trace metals, Phosphorus and Sulphur showed that T. diversifolia contained Mn (0.490+0.001
mg/100g), Zn (1.609+0.001 mg/100g), Cu (0.454+0.001 mg/100g), Ni (0.758+0.001 mg/100g), Fe
(0.690+0.002 mg/100g), P (55.62+0.200 mg/100g) and S (709+1.000 mg/100g). The medicinal properties of
the extract were evaluated in-vitro by antimicrobial and antifungal assays. The aqueous extract (but not
methanol and petroleum ether extracts) showed growth inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus and
Escherichia coli, but Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were resistant to all the plant
extracts and the antibiotic controls. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the aqueous extract of T.
diversifolia on S. aureus and E. coli were both 12.50mg. The Minimum Bacterial Concentration (MBC) of the
aqueous extract against the test organism ranged from 12.50mg to 25.00mg.
In vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of the various e...Akhil Gupta
The present study was designed to investigate antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential of pet ether, chloroform and methanol extracts of Ganoderma lucidum available in Bangladesh.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Antioxidant and-anticancer-activities-of-moringa-leavesSilentdisco Berlin
Moringa is a plantfood of high nutritional value, ecologically and economically beneficial and readily available in the countries hardest hit by the food crisis. http://miracletrees.org/ http://moringatrees.org/
The word “banana” is a general term comprising a number of species or hybrids in the genus Musa of family Musaceae. Many studies reported that banana is a good source of phenolic compounds, which are having potential health benefits in human beings. The phytochemical composition of eight banana varieties was investigated. Quantitative estimation of phytochemicals revealed that highest alkaloid and tannin content was noticed in variety Nendran (3.76% and 4.40 mg/100g respectively). Whereas, variety Rasakadali exhibited highest flavonoid content (9.49 mg/100). Total phenol and saponin content was found higher in variety Kadali (0.82% and 11.6 mg/100g respectively).
Phytochemical screening and in vitro antioxidant activity of extracts of jasm...SriramNagarajan16
Objectives
The aims of this research were to carry out the preliminary phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity
of different extracts of J. sessiliflorum. The different anti-oxidant methods carried out were DPPH
scavenging method, NBT dye reduction method and nitric oxide scavenging method
Methods
Extracts were prepared by reflux method using different polarity solvents. The extracts were evap orated
using rotary evaporator. Antioxidant activities using DPPH, NBT dye reduction method and nitric oxide
scavenging methods and the correlation of their IC50 values with standards were carried out.
Results
The ethanolic herbs extract of J. sessiliflorum had the lowest IC50 values in all the anti-oxidant methods.
Moreover, the ethanolic extracts showed the presence greatest amount of phytochemical constituents. The
IC50 values were correlated with the IC50 values of standards in all the anti- oxidant activity determination
methods.
Conclusions
The results of the present study indicate that the extracts of J.sessiliflorum exhibited strong antioxidant
activity and thus it is a good source of antioxidant.
Identification and evaluation of antifungal compounds from botanicals for the...researchagriculture
Red rot is a devastating disease in sugarcane caused by fungus, Colletotrichum falcatum. In this study, eighteen different botanicals were screened for identifying effective antifungal compound against C. falcatum. Among the plants screened, 15 per cent aqueous leaf extract of Psoralea corylifolia alone inhibited 100 per cent growth of both mycelium as well as spore germination under in vitro conditions. The extract did not exhibit any inhibitory effect to the beneficial microbes viz., Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus megaterium and Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus which are normally used in sugarcane. The effective plant extracts exhibiting 100 per cent antifungal activity was subjected to TLC, HPLC and GC-MS analysis to identify the bioactive antifungal compound. It revealed the presence of 7H-furo [3,2-G] (1) benzopyran-7-one as main bioactive compound which is thought to be the intermediate of antifungal compound, 8 – methoxypsoralen formed during biosynthesis.
Article Citation:
Rajkumar D and Murugesan R.
Identification and Evaluation of Antifungal Compounds from Botanicals for the Control of Sugarcane Red Rot Pathogen, Colletotrichum falcatum.
Journal of Research in Agriculture (2013) 2(1): 164-172.
Full Text:
http://www.jagri.info/documents/AG0044.pdf
Comprehensive study on pharmacognostic, physico and phytochemical evaluation ...Uploadworld
Terminalia arjuna Roxb. (Family-Combretaceae) is commonly known as Arjun tree and valued for its medicinal uses. In the present investigation, the detailed pharmacognostic study of T. arjuna stem bark (TASB) is carried out to lay down the standards which could be useful in forthcoming experimental studies.
Isolation and characterization of polyphenol oxidase from phyllanthus emblica...IJSIT Editor
Polyphenol Oxidase (E C 1.10.3.1) from Phyllanthusemblica(Indian Gooseberry) was purified to
homogeneity by ammonium sulphate followed by dialysis and SDS PAGE. The apparent molecular weight was
100 kD. Highly active PPO extract was obtained using 1% (W/V). Triton-X-100 and 0.1M NaCl in 0.2M
phosphate buffer, pH 7.0. The optimum pH was found to be 7 and enzyme activity was stable in range of 300C
- 400C. PPO showed highest activity with Catechol compared to Tyrosine. High inhibitory effects were shown
by EDTA. PPO activity was enhanced by sulphates compared to chlorides. The data obtained in this study help
to better understand fruit browning in Indian Gooseberry
Where buy Moringa Powder from Pakistan?
Moringa Pakistan providing the super food moringa pure to all Pakistan. You may order your details to whatsapp +92 302 4184220 or submit this form. https://forms.gle/cyb85w9zdGtQus2j9
website: https://moringa-pakistan.business.site/
Phytochemical Analysis of some Macrophytes of Lake Kondakarla, Visakhapatnam ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
In-vitro antioxidant and GC-MS analysis ethanolic extract of poly herbal drugSkyfox Publishing Group
Antioxidants play an important role in inhibiting and scavenging free radicals, thus providing protection to human against
infections and degenerative diseases. Current research is now directed towards natural antioxidants originated from plants due to safe
therapeutics. Poly herbal drugs is used in Indian traditional medicine for a wide range of various ailments. To understand the mechanism
of pharmacological actions, antioxidant properties of the Poly herbal drugs extract were tested using standard in vitro models. The
ethanolic extract of Poly herbal drugs exhibited strong scavenging effect on superoxide, nitric oxide radical and reducing power radical
scavenging assay. The free radical scavenging effect of Poly herbal drugs extract was comparable with that of the reference antioxidants.
The data obtained in the present study suggests that the extract of Poly herbal drugs have potent Invitro antioxidant and Anti Diabetic
activity against free radicals, prevent oxidative damage to major biomolecules and afford significant protection against oxidative damage.
Study of invitro anti-Oxidant Activity of Ipomea Pes-CapraeSriramNagarajan19
The traditional medicinal plant ipomea pes- caprae belongs to convolvuceae family. The present study has been undertaken to find out the antioxidant activity of the whole plant extract of Ipomea pes-caprae. Plant was subjected to extraction by cold maceration by using ethanol as a solvent. Antioxidant activity such as 1,1-Diphenyl,2-Picryl,Hydrazyl (DPPH) Radical Scavenging Activity, Hydroxyl Radical Scavenging Activity, Reducing Power, Metal chelating activity were determined. Physicochemical analysis was carried out to identify the chemical constituent of the plant and showed the presence of alkaloid, sugar, steroid, glycoside, saponins, Terpenoids and phenol compounds. The result of free radical scavenging activity of EEIP by DPPH reduction revealed that the test compound is electron donor and could react with free radicals to convert them to more stable product and terminate radical chain reaction. For the measurement of reducing ability we investigated the Fe3+ to Fe2+ transformation. The metal chelating capacity of the EEIP and standard anti oxidants are determined by accessing the ability to complete with bipyridil and thiocyanate for Fe3+ and Fe2+ respectively. The formation of ferrous bipyridil, ferric – thiocyanate is not complete in the presence of EEIP. The ability of chelating is increased with increased concentration. So, it can be assumed that the plant extract chelate the iron. The experiment demonstrates that action of plant extract as per oxidation protector may be related to its iron binding ability.
The Use of Moringa Oleifera Seed As A Coagulant For Domestic Water Purificationiosrjce
The efficiency of Moringa Oleifera seed powder as a coagulant for domestic water purification was
investigated using the Jar Test.The optimum dosage of moringa oleifera seed powder was observed to be at
90mg/L. The results of the physiochemical parameters tested at the point of sample collection and at 90mg/L
optimal dosage respectively are as follows: pH (8.1 and 7.9) temperature (26.6oC and 26.8oC), conductivity
(1.75 µs/cm and 1.78 µs/cm), dissolved oxygen (0.30mg/l and 0.10mg/l), turbidity (339 and 4.10NTU), and
hardness (212mg/l and 300mg/l) respectively. Analysis of some metals such as copper, chromium, lead, calcium,
magnesium, cobalt and zinc were performed before and after treatment of the water sample with the Moringa
oleifera seed. The metals analyzed (Cu, Zn, Ca, Cr, Pb, Co, and Mg) before and after coagulation showed that
concentration of Zn, Cu, Co, Pb and Ca as increased in the most optimally purified water containing 90mg/L
Moringa Oleifera seed Powder from, 1.12 to 2.54mg/L, 0.18 to 0.39mg/L, 0.00 to0.19mg/L, 0.00 to 0.08mg/L
and 1.02 to 2.10 mg/L respectively. And magnesium concentration decreased from 36.32 to 27.89 mg/L.
GC-MS Analysis and Evaluation of In-vitro Antioxidant Potential and Total Phe...Innspub Net
Wild hops (Flemingia strobilifera Linn.) is a shrub belonging to Fabaceae family. The leaves of F. strobilifera are commonly used by the Subanen, the indigenous group in Lapuyan, Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines to treat inflammation. In this study, the hydromethanolic (80%) and aqueous leaf extracts of F. strobilifera were evaluated for their antioxidant activity and total phenolics content. The active semi-volatile components of 80% methanol leaf extract were analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). DPPH radical scavenging activity was used to determine the potential of this plant as anti-oxidant. Total phenolics content was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and calculated as gallic acid equivalence. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of eight compounds. Both the 80% methanol and aqueous extracts of F. strobilifera showed significant scavenging activity with low IC50 values of 0.299 mg/mL and <0.25 mg/mL, respectively. There was positive correlation between the scavenging activity percentage and the total phenolics content only in the aqueous extract of F. strobilifera while 80% methanol extract showed negative correlation between inhibition percentage and total phenolics content which can be attributed to the solvent used and method used in quantification of phenolics. Nevertheless, the results suggest that these leaf extracts are potent source of antioxidant compounds and may serve as natural anti-inflammatory agents.
GC-MS Analysis and Evaluation of In-vitro Antioxidant Potential and Total Phe...Innspub Net
Wild hops (Flemingia strobilifera Linn.) is a shrub belonging to Fabaceae family. The leaves of F. strobilifera are commonly used by the Subanen, the indigenous group in Lapuyan, Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines to treat inflammation. In this study, the hydromethanolic (80%) and aqueous leaf extracts of F. strobilifera were evaluated for their antioxidant activity and total phenolics content. The active semi-volatile components of 80% methanol leaf extract were analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). DPPH radical scavenging activity was used to determine the potential of this plant as anti-oxidant. Total phenolics content was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and calculated as gallic acid equivalence. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of eight compounds. Both the 80% methanol and aqueous extracts of F. strobilifera showed significant scavenging activity with low IC50 values of 0.299 mg/mL and <0.25 mg/mL, respectively. There was positive correlation between the scavenging activity percentage and the total phenolics content only in the aqueous extract of F. strobilifera while 80% methanol extract showed negative correlation between inhibition percentage and total phenolics content which can be attributed to the solvent used and method used in quantification of phenolics. Nevertheless, the results suggest that these leaf extracts are potent source of antioxidant compounds and may serve as natural anti-inflammatory agents. Get the full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/ijb/gc-ms-analysis-and-evaluation-of-in-vitro-antioxidant-potential-and-total-phenolics-content-of-wild-hops-flemingia-strobilifera-l-w-t-aiton/
Phytochemical composition and antiradical activity of Sakersia africana Hook....Open Access Research Paper
The valorization of the medicinal plants of our country and determination of their impact on health due to their abundance of substances with various pharmacological effects are our principal objective. This study was evaluated the phytochemical screening and radical 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity of different extracts of Sakersia africana Hook. f.. The results revealed that Sakersia africana Hook. f. is rich in phenols compounds, sterols, triterpenes, alkaloids and reducing compound. The values in total phenols and proanthocyanidines are ranging respectively from 391.58 ± 0.04 to 777 ± 0.03 mg/100 g of drugs and 113.5 ± 3.17 to 653.5 ± 36.83 mg/100 g of drugs. Results also show that different extracts tested present antiradical activity with values of IC50 ranging from 164.21± 0.014 to 195.54± 0.012 % and abundance in bioactive compounds. This study could justify the use of Sakersia africana of some chronic diseases.
Similar to Analysis of phytochemicals, minerals and in vitro antioxidant activities of Gongronema latifolium leaves (20)
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
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The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
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The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
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Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
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Analysis of phytochemicals, minerals and in vitro antioxidant activities of Gongronema latifolium leaves
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Analysis of phytochemicals, minerals and in vitro antioxidant
activities of Gongronema latifolium leaves
Usunobun Usunomena and Igwe V. Chinwe
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Edo University, Iyamho, Edo State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Background study: Gongronema latifolium is
primarily used as spice and vegetable as well as a herb
in traditional medicine in the treatment of malaria,
diabetes and hypertension. This study is aimed at
providing in vitro laboratory knowledge on
Gongronema latifolium leaves.
Methods: Minerals were analyzed using Atomic
Absorption Spectrophotometer while phyto-nutrients
were screened using standard laboratory procedures.
2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-radical
scavenging and reducing power activities were
determined spectrophotometrically.
Results: Results showed that Gongronema latifolium
leaves contains flavonoids, tannins, saponins,
alkaloids, terpenoids etc as well as minerals such as
calcium (333.40mg/100g), magnesium
(38.90mg/100g), potassium (83.69mg/100g), sodium
(31.02mg/100g), phosphate (51.13mg/100g), iron
(4.88mg/100g), zinc (2.19mg/100g) and chromium
(0.98mg/100g). DPPH-radical scavenging and
reducing power activities of Gongronema latifolium
leaves showed the plant be concentration dependent
as free radical scavenging activity increases as
concentration increases from 0.2-1.0mg/ml.
Conclusion: The presence of bioactive agents,
minerals and free radical scavenging potentials of
Gongronema latifolium leaves makes it a beneficial
medicinal plant.
Keywords: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl,
Gongronema latifolium, minerals, phytochemicals,
reducing power
INTRODUCTION
Gongronema latifolium of the family Asclepiadaceae,
locally known as arokeke by the Yoruba and utazi by
the Igbos is a tropical rainforest plant primarily used
as spice and vegetable in the traditional folk practice
[1]. Traditionally, the southern part of Nigeria uses
this herb in the treatment of malaria, diabetes and
hypertension as well as a laxative. A maceration of
the leaves in alcohol is taken to treat bilh.arzia, viral
hepatitis and as a general antimicrobial agent [2]. It is
also taken as a tonic to treat loss of appetite [3].
Asthma patients chew fresh leaves to relieve
wheezing [4] and a decoction of the roots, combined
with other plant species, is taken to treat sickle cell
anaemia. Nwanjo [5] reported the anti lipid
peroxidative activity of the plant. The objective of this
study is to provide in vitro information of the leaves
of Gongronema latifolium and to create awareness of
the health benefits.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Collection, Identification and Preparation of Plant
materials
The fresh leaves Gongronema latifolium were
collected from a local farm in south eastern part of
Nigeria. Identification and authentication were carried
out after which the leaves were washed and air dried
at room temperature for fourteen (14) days. They
were grounded into fine powder using an electric
blender and stored in a cool dry container until use for
analysis.
Phytochemical analysis
Qualitative phytochemical screening using standard
methods as described [6-10] were carried out.
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Mineral analysis
Mineral analysis was carried out using Atomic
Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) as previously
done by Usunobun and Okolie [11-12].
Determination of reducing power ability
The reducing power activity of Gongronema
latifolium leaves was carried out using the reducing
power method as described by Aiyegoro and Okoh
[13]. A mixture containing 2.5 ml of 0.2 M phosphate
buffer (pH 6.6) and 2.5 ml of K3Fe(CN)6 (1% w/v)
was added to 1.0 ml of stock Gongronema latifolium
leaves filtrate (0.2–1.0 mg/ml) prepared in distilled
water. The resulting mixture was incubated for 20 min
at 50°C, followed by the addition of 2.5 ml of TCA
(10% w/v), followed by centrifugation at 3000 rpm
for 10 min. 2.5 ml of the supernatant was mixed with
2.5 ml of distilled water and 0.5 ml of FeCl3 (0.1%
w/v). The absorbance was measured at 700 nm
against reagent blank sample. Increased absorbance of
the reaction mixture indicates higher reducing power
of Gongronema latifolium leaves.
2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical
scavenging ability
The DPPH method according to Liyana-Pathiana and
Shahidi [14] was used for the determination of DPPH
free radical scavenging activity of the Gongronema
latifolium leaves as follows: DPPH (1 ml, 0.135 mM)
prepared in methanol was mixed with 1.0 ml of stock
Gongronema latifolium leaves filtrate ranging in
concentration from 0.2 to 1.0 mg/ml. The reaction
mixture was then vortexed thoroughly and left in the
dark at room temperature for 30 min. The absorbance
was measured at 517 nm. The scavenging ability was
calculated using the equation: DPPH scavenging
activity (%) = [(Abscontrol – Abssample)]/(Abscontrol)] ×
100,
Where: Abscontrol is the absorbance of DPPH +
methanol and Abssample is the absorbance of DPPH
radical + sample (sample or standard).
Statistical analysis
Data obtained from this study were expressed as mean
value ± standard deviation.
RESULTS
Phytochemical screening of Gongronema latifolium
leaves in this study showed that they contain
secondary metabolites like alkaloids, flavonoids,
tannins, saponins etc as presented in (Tables 1).
Table 1: Phytochemical screening of Gongronema
latifolium leaves
Phytochemicals Gongronema
latifolium leaves
Flavonoids Positive
Saponins Positive
Alkaloids Positive
Tannins Positive
Terpenoids Positive
Steroids Positive
Reducing sugars Negative
The result of mineral analysis shown in table 2 reveals
Gongronema latifolium leaves to be higher in calcium
(333.40mg/100g) and least in chromium
(0.25mg/100g). Other minerals present includes
magnesium (38.90mg/100g), potassium
(83.69mg/100g), sodium (31.02mg/100g), phosphate
(51.13mg/100g), iron (4.88mg/100g), zinc
(2.19mg/100g) and chromium (0.98mg/100g).
Table 2: Mineral composition of Gongronema
latifolium leaves (mg/100g)
Minerals Gongronema latifolium
leaves (mg/100g)
Calcium 333.40±2.01
Magnesium 38.90±1.22
Potassium 83.69±1.30
Sodium 31.02±1.08
Phosphate 51.13±1.17
Iron 4.88±0.46
Zinc 2.19±0.09
Copper 0.98±0.04
Chromium 0.25±0.02
Values are means ± SD for 2 determinations
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The scavenging activities of DPPH radical and
reducing power ability exerted by Gongronema
latifolium leaves is shown in Fig.1 and 2. The
scavenging effect of plant leaf in the range of 0.2-
1.0mg/ml increased in a concentration-dependent
manner.
Figure 1: Reducing power ability of Gongronema latifolium leaves
Figure 2: DPPH radical scavenging activity of Gongronema
latifolium (GL) leaves
DISCUSSION
The presence of phyto-nutrients such as flavonoids,
saponins, alkaloids and tannins in Gongronema
latifolium leaves is an indication that the plant
possesses the ability to scavenge for free radicals, thus
health promoting in action15
. The phytochemicals
present in this study is similar to previously published
phytochemicals in other plant leaves [16-19].
Calcium content of Gongronema latifolium
(333.40mg/100g) is high compared to 295mg/100g of
Celosia argentea [20], 1118.30mg/100g of Annona
muricata and 1264.18mg/100g of Vernonia
amygdalina [11-12]. Calcium, an important
intracellular messenger, and cofactor for enzymes
[21] plays roles in release of neurotransmitters and
signaling. Zinc content of Gongronema latifolium
(2.19mg/100g) is low compared to 5.42mg/100g of
Celosia argentea [20] but high compared to
0.83mg/100g of Annona muricata and 1.42mg/100g
of Vernonia amygdalina [11-12]. Sodium content of
Gongronema latifolium (31.02mg/100mg) is low
compared to 48.31mg/100g of Vernonia amygdalina,
69.49mg/100g of Annona muricata [11-12] and
71.32mg/100g of Celosia argentea [20]. Potassium
content of Gongronema latifolium (83.69mg/100g) is
low compared to 128.33mg/100g of Celosia
argentea20
but high when compared to 36.31mg/100g
of Annona muricata and 62.79mg/100g of Vernonia
amygdalina [11-12]. Copper content of Gongronema
latifolium (0.98mg/100mg) is low compared to
1.95mg/100g of Vernonia amygdalina and
1.42mg/100g of Annona muricata [11-12] and
2.18mg/100g of Celosia argentea [20]. Iron content
of Gongronema latifolium (4.88mg/100g) is low
compared to 13.90mg/100g of Annona muricata,
32.20mg/100g of Vernonia amygdalina and
35.16mg/100g of Celosia argentea [20].
The reducing power assay is often used to evaluate
the ability of an antioxidant to donate an electron
which is an important mechanism of phenolic
antioxidant action [22]. Many reports have revealed
that there is a direct correlation between antioxidant
activities and reducing power of certain plant extracts
[23-24]. The ability of Gongronema latifolium leaves
to exhibit reducing power potential, shows its
effectiveness to halt the oxidation of cellular
macromolecules by oxidizing molecules that could
arise from drugs or toxins metabolism.
The result of DPPH scavenging activity assay in this
study indicates that Gongronema latifolium leaves is
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Absorbanceat700nm
Concn. (mg/ml)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
%DPPHradicalscavengingactivity
Conc. (mg/ml)
GL
Vit. C
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potently active, suggesting that the plant contain
agents that are capable of donating hydrogen to a free
radical in order to remove odd electron which is
responsible for radical's reactivity. The concentration-
dependent scavenging activity of DPPH radical by
Gongronema latifolium was found to be appreciable;
an implication that the plant may be useful for treating
radical related pathological damage.
In conclusion, the presence of phytochemicals,
minerals and free radical scavenging potentials makes
Gongronema latifolium leaves a beneficial medicinal
plant. The phytochemicals present such as tannin and
flavonoid supports the usefulness of Gongronema
latifolium in the treatment of various infections
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