Quantification of total phenolics and flavonoids and evaluation of in vitro antioxidant properties of methanolic leaf extract of tarenna asiatica – an endemic medicinal plant species
The document summarizes a study that quantified the total phenolics, flavonoids, and evaluated the in vitro antioxidant properties of the methanolic leaf extract of Tarenna asiatica, an endemic medicinal plant from Western Ghats, India. Key findings include:
- The leaf extract showed the presence of phytochemicals like phenols, flavonoids, tannins, and triterpenoids.
- Total phenolic content was 16.95μg of GAE/100mg extract and flavonoid content was 3.72μg of QE/100mg extract.
- The extract exhibited potent antioxidant activity in various in vitro assays like DPPH, ferrous ion
Evaluation of antioxidant and antiradical properties of pomegranate (punica g...Pritam Kolge
Evaluation of antioxidant and antiradical properties
of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) seed and defatted
seed extracts
This is Journal Club activity Presentation with the reference of various research papers.
This Presentation Contain following...
#Info about Paper
#Abstract
#Materials
#Methods
#Results
#Discussion
#Conclusion
#References
*Important Methods used
#Moisture content
#Fat content
#Acid value
#Peroxide value
#Oxidative stability index
#Total phenols content
#Preparation of Pomegranate seed extracts and calculate extract yield
#Evaluation of antioxidant properties of Pomegranate seed extracts using
-DPPH radicals scavenging activity
-FRAP assay
#Antioxidant efficiency of seed extract (Oxidative stability extract)
#Statistical analysis
Journal Club Presentation at Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Kolhapur.
Thanks for Help and Guidance of Dr. P. B. Choudhari (Assistant Professor, Pharmaceutical Chemistry) and Dr. A. J. Shinde (Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmaceutics)
Various human diseases have oxidative stress as one of their component. Many herbs have been reported to exhibit properties that combat oxidative stress through their active constituents such as flavonoids, tannins, phenolic compounds etc. Different Plants of Dillenicea family has been shown in in vitro experiments to be endowed with antioxidant activity. Therefore this study was carried out to evaluate Dillenicea family for its antioxidant activity.
Evaluation of antioxidant and antiradical properties of pomegranate (punica g...Pritam Kolge
Evaluation of antioxidant and antiradical properties
of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) seed and defatted
seed extracts
This is Journal Club activity Presentation with the reference of various research papers.
This Presentation Contain following...
#Info about Paper
#Abstract
#Materials
#Methods
#Results
#Discussion
#Conclusion
#References
*Important Methods used
#Moisture content
#Fat content
#Acid value
#Peroxide value
#Oxidative stability index
#Total phenols content
#Preparation of Pomegranate seed extracts and calculate extract yield
#Evaluation of antioxidant properties of Pomegranate seed extracts using
-DPPH radicals scavenging activity
-FRAP assay
#Antioxidant efficiency of seed extract (Oxidative stability extract)
#Statistical analysis
Journal Club Presentation at Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Kolhapur.
Thanks for Help and Guidance of Dr. P. B. Choudhari (Assistant Professor, Pharmaceutical Chemistry) and Dr. A. J. Shinde (Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmaceutics)
Various human diseases have oxidative stress as one of their component. Many herbs have been reported to exhibit properties that combat oxidative stress through their active constituents such as flavonoids, tannins, phenolic compounds etc. Different Plants of Dillenicea family has been shown in in vitro experiments to be endowed with antioxidant activity. Therefore this study was carried out to evaluate Dillenicea family for its antioxidant activity.
Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of clove mistletoe leaf extr...iosrphr_editor
Clove mistletoe (Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq) is one of the semi-parasitic plants belonging to the Loranthaceae family. Clove mistletoe leaf extracts have many biological activities such as antibacterial, antioxidant and antidiabetes. The purpose of this study was to determine the content of secondary metabolites in clove mistletoe leaf extracts through phytochemical screening and determine its antioxidant activity through DPPH free radical scavenging. Samples were tested include water and ethanol 70 % extracts, as well as n-hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol fractions. Phytochemical screening showed that all samples containing tannins and flavonoids but no alkaloids. The highest total phenol contents was ethyl acetate fraction namely 358.4 mg GAE/ g. The best antioxidant activity was water extract, ethanol 70 % extract and ethyl acetate fraction. Therefore, clove mistletoe leaf extracts are potential source for antioxidant.
Screening of antioxidant phytoextracts of Canarium odontophyllum (Miq.) leave...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF VARIOUS SOLVENT EXTRAC...IJSIT Editor
The leaves of the plant Annonareticulata were collected and extracted using different ranges of polar
organic solvents like low (Ethyl acetate), medium (Butanol) and high (Methanol). Qualitative analysis and
antimicrobial activity was investigated. The phytochemical screening of the leaf extract revealed that the
presence of alkaloids, tannins, steroids, terpenoids and coumarins. The Ethyl acetate and Methanol extracts
showed better antibacterial activity, the significant inhibitory effect against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas
putida and Lactobacillus acidophilus, and thus displayed highest inhibitory zone of 19.5mm, 19mm and 19mm
when compared to Butanol. FT-IR spectroscopic analysis of the Ethyl acetate, Butanol and Methanol extract of
A.reticulata revealed the presence of -CH, -OH, CH-OH and –NH2 bond stretching. The clinical isolates were
collected from patients suffered from different microbial infections. The antibacterial and antifungal activity
was determined by using leaf extracts.
Phytochemical screening and in vitro antioxidant activity of extracts of jasm...SriramNagarajan16
Objectives
The aims of this research were to carry out the preliminary phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity
of different extracts of J. sessiliflorum. The different anti-oxidant methods carried out were DPPH
scavenging method, NBT dye reduction method and nitric oxide scavenging method
Methods
Extracts were prepared by reflux method using different polarity solvents. The extracts were evap orated
using rotary evaporator. Antioxidant activities using DPPH, NBT dye reduction method and nitric oxide
scavenging methods and the correlation of their IC50 values with standards were carried out.
Results
The ethanolic herbs extract of J. sessiliflorum had the lowest IC50 values in all the anti-oxidant methods.
Moreover, the ethanolic extracts showed the presence greatest amount of phytochemical constituents. The
IC50 values were correlated with the IC50 values of standards in all the anti- oxidant activity determination
methods.
Conclusions
The results of the present study indicate that the extracts of J.sessiliflorum exhibited strong antioxidant
activity and thus it is a good source of antioxidant.
Evaluation of antioxidant properties of pomegranate peel extract in compariso...Pritam Kolge
Evaluation of antioxidant properties of pomegranate peel extract in comparison with pomegranate pulp extract.....
This is Journal Club activity Presentation with the reference of various research papers.
This Presentation Contain following...
#Info about Paper
#Highlights
#Introduction
#Materials
#Methods
#Results
#Discussion
#Conclusion
#References
Important Methods used
1)Antioxidants extraction
2)Determination of total phenolics content
3)FRAP Assay
4)Determination of content of phenolic compounds in the
extract
5)Superoxide radical scavenging activity (DPPH)
6)Hydroxyl radical (OH) prevention activity
Journal Club Presentation at Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Kolhapur.
Thanks for Help and Guidance of Dr. P. B. Choudhari (Assistant Professor, Pharmaceutical Chemistry) and Mr. D. P. Mali Assistant Professor, Pharmaceutical Chemistry
การวิเคราะห์ฤทธิ์ต้านอนุมูลอิสระที่ระยะต่างกันในกล้วยเล็บมือนาง
Analysis of Antioxidant Activity at Different Stage in Musa (AA group) ‘Kluai Leb Mu Nang’
อดิศร จำรูญ
Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activities of Organic Extracts from Ammodaucus ...CrimsonAlternativemedicine
Aromatic and medicinal plants are a good source of natural preparations containing effective bioactive compounds which can be used for different applications. This work aims to evaluate the antioxidant activity of some organic extracts of Ammodaucus leucotrichus Coss & Dur fruit part. The whole plant was collected from the region of Beni Abbas (Bechar-Algeria). Five organic extracts were obtained and the evaluation of the antioxidant activity was performed by six conventional methods. Polar organic extracts exhibited more antioxidant power then non polar extracts. The level of phenolic compounds was moderate in all extracts. The investigation of the antioxidant activity of organic extracts from fruit part of Ammodaucus leucotrichusrevealed a moderate activity tested by six conventional methods.
For more open access journals in Crimson Publishers please click on link: https://crimsonpublishers.com/
For more articles in open access Complementary Medicine journals please click on link: https://crimsonpublishers.com/acam/
Extraction of Secondary Metabolites from Roots of Acanthus Ilicifolius L and ...inventionjournals
The root extracts of Acanthus ilicifolius L finds a prominent place in folk medicine. In this study, we
extracted alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin and total phenols in benzene, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol and
ethanol, their antibacterial activity and antioxidant activity was evaluated. The antioxidant activity is executed
by FRAP assay and agar well diffusion method is done to study the antibacterial activity against Enterobacter
aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus
pyogenes. The antibacterial activity of all the extracts was compared with standard antibiotic gentamicin.
The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration [MIC] was determined by serial dilution method. Alkaloids are rich in
acetone and Flavonoids are high in methanol extracts. The acetone extract showed higher antioxidant activity,
while benzene extract was identified to contain lower antioxidant activity. The extent of inhibition by the root
extracts diverge between the solvents used, among them ethanol extracts exhibited higher level of inhibition
against the gram positive test cultures compared to gram negative test cultures employed. Whereas, the acetone
extracts efficacy is more on gram negative test cultures than the gram positive cultures. The MIC was found to
be between 1mg/100µl to 5mg/100µl. This study gives the source for purification and characterization of
bioactive principles that possess antioxidant and antibacterial action from the root of Acanthus ilicifolius.
Synthesis and Characterization of Polymeric Drug Binder from Tobacco WastePremier Publishers
In Indian agriculture, tobacco has a prominent place. So, it is but natural that tobacco waste or dust is generated at various stages of post-harvest processing of tobacco and also while manufacturing various products. As rational production and processing of tobacco plant must include the entire biomass, both the main product leaves as well as stalks that remain after harvest. Residues (stalks and small leaves) and significant amounts of leaf scrap and waste generated during processing of tobacco, can serve as a very important secondary raw material from after final processing, a great number of products could be obtained in industry considering that these stalks contain a certain amount of cellulose. The waste obtained after nicotine extraction was utilized for cellulose extraction. The extracted cellulose was converted to value-added product such as cellulose acetate. Prepared cellulose acetate is characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).
Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activity of Dioon spi...BRNSS Publication Hub
The present study was aimed to investigate the phytochemical, antioxidant, and antibacterial studies of leaf and rachis of Dioon spinulosum Dyer ex Eichl. The phytochemical screening of the plant extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, carbohydrate, and phenols, whereas saponin was absent. The phenolic content expressed as mg/g gallic acid equivalent was determined and was more in methanolic extract of leaf (29.40 mg) than rachis (8.76 mg). Flavonoid contents were also greater in leaves than in rachis and methanol extract contained higher content (2.812 mg/g) than water (1.923 mg/g). Terpenoids were more in the aqueous extracts of both leaf and rachis when compared to methanol extracts. Antioxidant activity of both leaf and rachis extracts was conducted using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay. Leaf extract showed more DPPH radical scavenging activity with IC50 value of 130 μg/ml when compared to the rachis of D. spinulosum Dyer ex Eichl. The reducing capability of the leaf extract was found to be more when compared to rachis. The antibacterial potential was evaluated with Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans by agar well diffusion method. Antibacterial activity was observed only at higher concentration (1000 μg/ml) with inhibition zones of 12 mm and 13 mm.
The word “banana” is a general term comprising a number of species or hybrids in the genus Musa of family Musaceae. Many studies reported that banana is a good source of phenolic compounds, which are having potential health benefits in human beings. The phytochemical composition of eight banana varieties was investigated. Quantitative estimation of phytochemicals revealed that highest alkaloid and tannin content was noticed in variety Nendran (3.76% and 4.40 mg/100g respectively). Whereas, variety Rasakadali exhibited highest flavonoid content (9.49 mg/100). Total phenol and saponin content was found higher in variety Kadali (0.82% and 11.6 mg/100g respectively).
Phytochemical Analysis of some Macrophytes of Lake Kondakarla, Visakhapatnam ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
ABSTRACT- The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro antioxidant activity and anti-bacterial activity of the petroleum ether, ethyl acetate
and methanol extract obtained from the whole part of Jurinea dolomiaea Boiss (Asteraceae). Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of these extracts
were determined as gallic acid and rutin equivalents, respectively. Total antioxidant activity, reducing power of these extract were evaluated as ascorbic
acid and gallic acid equivalents, respectively. ABTS free radical scavenging activity is expressed as trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity
(TEAC). The antibacterial activity of the extract was investigated by disc diffusion method. The ethyl acetate and methanol extracts showed moderate
activity against E. coli and S. aureus.
Key words: Jurinea dolomiaea; Total phenolic; Total flavonoid; Total antioxidant; Free radical scavenging activity; Antibacterial activity.
Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of clove mistletoe leaf extr...iosrphr_editor
Clove mistletoe (Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq) is one of the semi-parasitic plants belonging to the Loranthaceae family. Clove mistletoe leaf extracts have many biological activities such as antibacterial, antioxidant and antidiabetes. The purpose of this study was to determine the content of secondary metabolites in clove mistletoe leaf extracts through phytochemical screening and determine its antioxidant activity through DPPH free radical scavenging. Samples were tested include water and ethanol 70 % extracts, as well as n-hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol fractions. Phytochemical screening showed that all samples containing tannins and flavonoids but no alkaloids. The highest total phenol contents was ethyl acetate fraction namely 358.4 mg GAE/ g. The best antioxidant activity was water extract, ethanol 70 % extract and ethyl acetate fraction. Therefore, clove mistletoe leaf extracts are potential source for antioxidant.
Screening of antioxidant phytoextracts of Canarium odontophyllum (Miq.) leave...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF VARIOUS SOLVENT EXTRAC...IJSIT Editor
The leaves of the plant Annonareticulata were collected and extracted using different ranges of polar
organic solvents like low (Ethyl acetate), medium (Butanol) and high (Methanol). Qualitative analysis and
antimicrobial activity was investigated. The phytochemical screening of the leaf extract revealed that the
presence of alkaloids, tannins, steroids, terpenoids and coumarins. The Ethyl acetate and Methanol extracts
showed better antibacterial activity, the significant inhibitory effect against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas
putida and Lactobacillus acidophilus, and thus displayed highest inhibitory zone of 19.5mm, 19mm and 19mm
when compared to Butanol. FT-IR spectroscopic analysis of the Ethyl acetate, Butanol and Methanol extract of
A.reticulata revealed the presence of -CH, -OH, CH-OH and –NH2 bond stretching. The clinical isolates were
collected from patients suffered from different microbial infections. The antibacterial and antifungal activity
was determined by using leaf extracts.
Phytochemical screening and in vitro antioxidant activity of extracts of jasm...SriramNagarajan16
Objectives
The aims of this research were to carry out the preliminary phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity
of different extracts of J. sessiliflorum. The different anti-oxidant methods carried out were DPPH
scavenging method, NBT dye reduction method and nitric oxide scavenging method
Methods
Extracts were prepared by reflux method using different polarity solvents. The extracts were evap orated
using rotary evaporator. Antioxidant activities using DPPH, NBT dye reduction method and nitric oxide
scavenging methods and the correlation of their IC50 values with standards were carried out.
Results
The ethanolic herbs extract of J. sessiliflorum had the lowest IC50 values in all the anti-oxidant methods.
Moreover, the ethanolic extracts showed the presence greatest amount of phytochemical constituents. The
IC50 values were correlated with the IC50 values of standards in all the anti- oxidant activity determination
methods.
Conclusions
The results of the present study indicate that the extracts of J.sessiliflorum exhibited strong antioxidant
activity and thus it is a good source of antioxidant.
Evaluation of antioxidant properties of pomegranate peel extract in compariso...Pritam Kolge
Evaluation of antioxidant properties of pomegranate peel extract in comparison with pomegranate pulp extract.....
This is Journal Club activity Presentation with the reference of various research papers.
This Presentation Contain following...
#Info about Paper
#Highlights
#Introduction
#Materials
#Methods
#Results
#Discussion
#Conclusion
#References
Important Methods used
1)Antioxidants extraction
2)Determination of total phenolics content
3)FRAP Assay
4)Determination of content of phenolic compounds in the
extract
5)Superoxide radical scavenging activity (DPPH)
6)Hydroxyl radical (OH) prevention activity
Journal Club Presentation at Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Kolhapur.
Thanks for Help and Guidance of Dr. P. B. Choudhari (Assistant Professor, Pharmaceutical Chemistry) and Mr. D. P. Mali Assistant Professor, Pharmaceutical Chemistry
การวิเคราะห์ฤทธิ์ต้านอนุมูลอิสระที่ระยะต่างกันในกล้วยเล็บมือนาง
Analysis of Antioxidant Activity at Different Stage in Musa (AA group) ‘Kluai Leb Mu Nang’
อดิศร จำรูญ
Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activities of Organic Extracts from Ammodaucus ...CrimsonAlternativemedicine
Aromatic and medicinal plants are a good source of natural preparations containing effective bioactive compounds which can be used for different applications. This work aims to evaluate the antioxidant activity of some organic extracts of Ammodaucus leucotrichus Coss & Dur fruit part. The whole plant was collected from the region of Beni Abbas (Bechar-Algeria). Five organic extracts were obtained and the evaluation of the antioxidant activity was performed by six conventional methods. Polar organic extracts exhibited more antioxidant power then non polar extracts. The level of phenolic compounds was moderate in all extracts. The investigation of the antioxidant activity of organic extracts from fruit part of Ammodaucus leucotrichusrevealed a moderate activity tested by six conventional methods.
For more open access journals in Crimson Publishers please click on link: https://crimsonpublishers.com/
For more articles in open access Complementary Medicine journals please click on link: https://crimsonpublishers.com/acam/
Extraction of Secondary Metabolites from Roots of Acanthus Ilicifolius L and ...inventionjournals
The root extracts of Acanthus ilicifolius L finds a prominent place in folk medicine. In this study, we
extracted alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin and total phenols in benzene, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol and
ethanol, their antibacterial activity and antioxidant activity was evaluated. The antioxidant activity is executed
by FRAP assay and agar well diffusion method is done to study the antibacterial activity against Enterobacter
aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus
pyogenes. The antibacterial activity of all the extracts was compared with standard antibiotic gentamicin.
The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration [MIC] was determined by serial dilution method. Alkaloids are rich in
acetone and Flavonoids are high in methanol extracts. The acetone extract showed higher antioxidant activity,
while benzene extract was identified to contain lower antioxidant activity. The extent of inhibition by the root
extracts diverge between the solvents used, among them ethanol extracts exhibited higher level of inhibition
against the gram positive test cultures compared to gram negative test cultures employed. Whereas, the acetone
extracts efficacy is more on gram negative test cultures than the gram positive cultures. The MIC was found to
be between 1mg/100µl to 5mg/100µl. This study gives the source for purification and characterization of
bioactive principles that possess antioxidant and antibacterial action from the root of Acanthus ilicifolius.
Synthesis and Characterization of Polymeric Drug Binder from Tobacco WastePremier Publishers
In Indian agriculture, tobacco has a prominent place. So, it is but natural that tobacco waste or dust is generated at various stages of post-harvest processing of tobacco and also while manufacturing various products. As rational production and processing of tobacco plant must include the entire biomass, both the main product leaves as well as stalks that remain after harvest. Residues (stalks and small leaves) and significant amounts of leaf scrap and waste generated during processing of tobacco, can serve as a very important secondary raw material from after final processing, a great number of products could be obtained in industry considering that these stalks contain a certain amount of cellulose. The waste obtained after nicotine extraction was utilized for cellulose extraction. The extracted cellulose was converted to value-added product such as cellulose acetate. Prepared cellulose acetate is characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).
Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activity of Dioon spi...BRNSS Publication Hub
The present study was aimed to investigate the phytochemical, antioxidant, and antibacterial studies of leaf and rachis of Dioon spinulosum Dyer ex Eichl. The phytochemical screening of the plant extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, carbohydrate, and phenols, whereas saponin was absent. The phenolic content expressed as mg/g gallic acid equivalent was determined and was more in methanolic extract of leaf (29.40 mg) than rachis (8.76 mg). Flavonoid contents were also greater in leaves than in rachis and methanol extract contained higher content (2.812 mg/g) than water (1.923 mg/g). Terpenoids were more in the aqueous extracts of both leaf and rachis when compared to methanol extracts. Antioxidant activity of both leaf and rachis extracts was conducted using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay. Leaf extract showed more DPPH radical scavenging activity with IC50 value of 130 μg/ml when compared to the rachis of D. spinulosum Dyer ex Eichl. The reducing capability of the leaf extract was found to be more when compared to rachis. The antibacterial potential was evaluated with Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans by agar well diffusion method. Antibacterial activity was observed only at higher concentration (1000 μg/ml) with inhibition zones of 12 mm and 13 mm.
The word “banana” is a general term comprising a number of species or hybrids in the genus Musa of family Musaceae. Many studies reported that banana is a good source of phenolic compounds, which are having potential health benefits in human beings. The phytochemical composition of eight banana varieties was investigated. Quantitative estimation of phytochemicals revealed that highest alkaloid and tannin content was noticed in variety Nendran (3.76% and 4.40 mg/100g respectively). Whereas, variety Rasakadali exhibited highest flavonoid content (9.49 mg/100). Total phenol and saponin content was found higher in variety Kadali (0.82% and 11.6 mg/100g respectively).
phytochemical analysis of selected banana varieties
Similar to Quantification of total phenolics and flavonoids and evaluation of in vitro antioxidant properties of methanolic leaf extract of tarenna asiatica – an endemic medicinal plant species
Phytochemical Analysis of some Macrophytes of Lake Kondakarla, Visakhapatnam ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
ABSTRACT- The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro antioxidant activity and anti-bacterial activity of the petroleum ether, ethyl acetate
and methanol extract obtained from the whole part of Jurinea dolomiaea Boiss (Asteraceae). Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of these extracts
were determined as gallic acid and rutin equivalents, respectively. Total antioxidant activity, reducing power of these extract were evaluated as ascorbic
acid and gallic acid equivalents, respectively. ABTS free radical scavenging activity is expressed as trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity
(TEAC). The antibacterial activity of the extract was investigated by disc diffusion method. The ethyl acetate and methanol extracts showed moderate
activity against E. coli and S. aureus.
Key words: Jurinea dolomiaea; Total phenolic; Total flavonoid; Total antioxidant; Free radical scavenging activity; Antibacterial activity.
Evaluation of Anti-oxidant Activity of Elytraria acaulis Aerial ExtractsIJERA Editor
Elytraria acaulis, a stem less perennial herb of Acantheceae family has many medicinal and therapeutic properties. Anti oxidative activity of the aerial parts of this Elytraria acaulis were assessed in the present study. The aerial parts of the plant (Stem & Leaves) were extracted in different organic solvents such as n-Hexane, Ethanol, Methanol, Ethyl Acetate and Chloroform. Initially, Total Phenolic & Total Flavonoids content in different solvent plant extracts were estimated. The free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity of the Elytraria acaulis aerial extracts in different organic solvents were also assayed by DPPH assay, FRAP assay. The aerial extracts of Elytraria acaulis have shown significant anti oxidant activity. Hence, further studies on this plant will enable elucidation of its therapeutic properties and medicinal applications
Studies on phytochemicals, antibacterial efficacy and antioxidant potency of ...Innspub Net
In this investigation, Capparis sepiaria was analysed for its phytochemical constituents qualitatively and quantitatively. The antibacterial property of aqueous, ethanolic and hexane extracts of Capparis sepiaria was studied against different bacteria include Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella typhi, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Shigella flexineri. Hexane extract of Capparis sepiaria showed the maximum growth inhibition zone of 20.4±0.2 mm at concentration of 500 mg against Salmonella typhi. Please mention the highest inhibition result including extract name and concentration. The antioxidant effect of those extracts was also studied against α-tocopherol as a control. From the results, Alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins were revealed to be present in Capparis sepiaria. Ethanol extract at the concentration of 500 μg/ml showed 57.81% antioxidant activity against 500 μg/ml of α-tocopherol which showed 66.76% as a standard reference. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-1-number-3-november-2011/
Studies on phytochemicals, antibacterial efficacy and antioxidant potency of ...Open Access Research Paper
In this investigation, Capparis sepiaria was analysed for its phytochemical constituents qualitatively and quantitatively. The antibacterial property of aqueous, ethanolic and hexane extracts of Capparis sepiaria was studied against different bacteria include Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella typhi, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Shigella flexineri. Hexane extract of Capparis sepiaria showed the maximum growth inhibition zone of 20.4±0.2 mmat concentration of 500 mg against Salmonella typhi. Please mention the highest inhibition result including extract name and concentration. The antioxidant effect of those extracts was also studied against α-tocopherol as a control. From the results, Alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins were revealed to be present in Capparis sepiaria. Ethanol extract at the concentration of 500 μg/ml showed 57.81% antioxidant activity against 500 μg/ml of α-tocopherol which showed 66.76% as a standard reference.
Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of clove mistletoe leaf extr...iosrphr_editor
Clove mistletoe (Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq) is one of the semi-parasitic plants belonging to the Loranthaceae family. Clove mistletoe leaf extracts have many biological activities such as antibacterial, antioxidant and antidiabetes. The purpose of this study was to determine the content of secondary metabolites in clove mistletoe leaf extracts through phytochemical screening and determine its antioxidant activity through DPPH free radical scavenging. Samples were tested include water and ethanol 70 % extracts, as well as n-hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol fractions. Phytochemical screening showed that all samples containing tannins and flavonoids but no alkaloids. The highest total phenol contents was ethyl acetate fraction namely 358.4 mg GAE/ g. The best antioxidant activity was water extract, ethanol 70 % extract and ethyl acetate fraction. Therefore, clove mistletoe leaf extracts are potential source for antioxidant.
Phytochemical and antioxidant studies of methanol and chloroform extract from...shailendradhakal
This research was carried out with the aim of phytochemical analysis and determining antioxidant activity present in methanol and chloroform leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica. Due to its potential in curing various ailments as well as wide spread application of antioxidant activity such as in the field of cosmetology, the plant was selected for the study. The total phenolics contained in the plant extracts were also studied which are responsible for the antioxidant activity.
Effects of roasting on the total phenolic contents and radical scavenging act...Innspub Net
The purpose of the present study was to explore the influences roasting on the radical scavenging activity and total Phenolic content on selected seeds. Fresh seeds of Prunus domestice, Prunus armeniace and Prunus persica were selected from the local market. The selected seeds were heated on the hotpot at a temperature 160 °C for 1 to 3 hours, respectively and one group were remain irrespective of any treatment (control). It was observed that roasting of fruit seeds produce different effects on total phenolic contents and radical scavenging activity. Antioxidant capacity was measured against the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) whereas the reducing capacity was evaluated with the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (FCR). Total phenolic content in Prunus domestica was highest at 160 °C when heated for 1 hour (554 mg/100g), similarly the total phenolic content in the Prunus armeniaca was highest when heated for 2 hour (684 mg/100g) while the Total phenolic content in the Prunus persica was highest when heated for 2 hour (684 mg/100g). Radical scavenging activity in the Prunus domestica was highest when heated for 1 hour (48 %). Similarly radical scavenging activity in the Prunus armeniaca was highest during heated for 1 hour (86 %) while radical scavenging activity in the Prunus persica was at maximum (43 %) at 2 hour treatment. It is suggested that different effect were produced when different fruit seeds were roasted at a single temperature, Therefore different optimum temperature and conditions are required for roasting different seeds.
In Ayurveda, the leaf juice of Adhatoda vasica, a shrub native to Asia is incorporated in
many traditional herbal formulations. However, suitable solvent and a suitable extraction
method for phytochemical profiling are not well established, and there is no published mass
spectra structural interpretation of the identified compounds. This has caused a few
problems in herbal formulation research due to the bias derived from different extraction
methods. Therefore, this study used polar and non polar extraction for phytochemical
analysis on Adhatoda vasica, aiming to assess the potential impact of different solvents. This
study included extractive value, total phenol and alkaloid content of the leaves in different
preparations. Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to
study the phytochemical profile of different solvents. Significant differences were observed in
all the parameters such as extract yield, total phenol, total alkaloid and phytochemical
composition. The ethanol extract stood out most for effective extraction of phytochemicals,
especially for the alkaloids. The results highlight the necessity for comparative analyses of
chemical composition in different solvent extractions and careful choice and validation of
analytical methodology in herbal formulation research.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
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Joseph MA and Antony VT.
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Gnana Sangeetha D and Jegadeesan M.
Phytochemical studies on selected medicinal plant Gymnema sylvestre.
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Article Citation:
Paulsamy S.
Maruthamalai hills of Western Ghats, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu –
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Ipomoea capitellata choisy var. multilobata Bhellum var. nov. collected from Jammu and Kashmir, India is described and illustrated.
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Bhellum BL.
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A provenance trial of Entada pursaetha containing five provenances from Eastern ghats were used for this study. Individual seed characteristics varied among provenances and highest was recorded in Talakona and lowest in Kolli hills. Cent percent emergence was recorded with high seedling vigour in the seeds of Talakona. Inter-correlation studies revealed a strong positive correlation between emergence and seed length, maximum seed width, and seed weight, while minimum seed width showed weak correlation. Araku valley and Kolli hills exhibited close proximity, while the genetic distance between Talakona and Rollapenta was the highest. There was no influence of environment on the seed characters.Maximum and minimum seed width exhibited higher values of heritability.
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Sai Vishnu Priya K, Srinivasa Rao JV
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Influence of provenance in seed and emergence characteristics of a gigantic l...
Quantification of total phenolics and flavonoids and evaluation of in vitro antioxidant properties of methanolic leaf extract of tarenna asiatica – an endemic medicinal plant species
1. Quantification of total phenolics and flavonoids and evaluation of in vitro antioxidant properties of
methanolic leaf extract of Tarenna asiatica – an endemic medicinal plant species
of Maruthamali hills, Western Ghats, Tami Nadu.
Keywords:
Tarenna asiatica, total phenolics and flavonoids, antioxidant activities.
ABSTRACT:
The present study was aimed at to determine the preliminary phytochemical
screening, quantification of total phenolics and flavonoids and to evaluate the
antioxidant activities of an endemic medicinal plant species, Tarenna asiatica. The
antioxidant activity of methanolic leaf extract of this species was assessed by DPPH•
,
ferrous ion chelating, reducing power and ABTS•+
radical scavenging activities. The
total phenolics and flavonoids content of the extract were found to be 16.95µg of
GAE/100mg extract and 3.72µg of QE/100mg extract respectively. The present study
revealed that the methanolic leaf extract of this speices showed potent in vitro
antioxidant activities and so it may be useful for their nutritional and medicinal
properties.
196-204 | JRPS | 2013 | Vol 2 | No 2
This article is governed by the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/
licenses/by/2.0), which gives permission for unrestricted use, non-commercial, distribution and
reproduction in all medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
www.plantsciences.info
Journal of Research in
Plant Sciences
An International Scientific
Research Journal
Authors:
Vishnu Chandran R1
,
Nisha Raj1
, Jamuna S2
and Paulsamy S2
*.
Institution:
1.Department of
Biotechnology, SAS SNDP
Yogam College,
Konni, Kerala.
2. Department of Botany,
Kongunadu Arts and
Science College,
Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu.
Corresponding author:
Paulsamy S.
Email:
paulsami@yahoo.com
Web Address:
http://plantsciences.info
documents/PS0059.pdf.
Dates:
Received: 25 Apr 2013 Accepted: 07 May 2013 Published: 10 May 2013
Article Citation:
Vishnu Chandran R, Nisha Raj, Jamuna S and Paulsamy S.
Quantification of total phenolics and flavonoids and evaluation of in vitro antioxidant
properties of methanolic leaf extract of Tarenna asiatica - an endemic medicinal plant
species of Maruthamali hills, Western Ghats, Tami Nadu.
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2013) 2(2): 196-204
Original Research
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences
JournalofResearchinPlantSciences An International Scientific Research Journal
2. INTRODUCTION
Phytochemicals are naturally occurring
compounds of plant kingdom, such as medicinal plants,
vegetables, fruits, that work with nutrients and fibers to
act against diseases or more specifically, provides
protection against diseases (Chopra et al., 1984).
Secondary metabolites of plants are the responsible
chemical compounds for the medicinal properties of the
respective plant species. Free radicals formed in human
body are playing important role in different pathological
conditions like tissue injury, inflammation, and
neurodegenerative diseases. Antioxidants are very
important chemicals which can protect the human body
from these damages caused by free radicals. (Halliwell
and Gutteridge, 1989). However, synthetic antioxidants
are not much used for this carcinogenic effect (Buxiang
and Fukuhara, 1997; Hirose, 1998). Therefore,
investigation of natural antioxidants of plant origin is
getting more attention (Kaur and Kapoor, 2001; Vinson,
2001).
Tarenna asiatica L. (Rubiaceae) is a large shrub
to small tree and is endemic to the Southern Western
Ghats of Agasthyamalai, Anaimalai, Palani hills, Niligirs
and Bababudangiri hills and distributed in Peninsular
India, Malaysia and Sri Lanka. Fruit juice is applied on
the eye lids to arrest infection. Malayali tribal in
Javvadhu hills use T. asiatica for marriages, festivals and
worship due to its aesthetic value (Ravikumar and Vijaya
Sankar, 2003). The fruits are eaten by crows. The wood
is used as fuel wood. It is a strong and used as a crobar
also in Coimbatore district. Due to its medicinal
properties the current study was aimed at to screen the
phytochemicals, quantification of total phenolics and
flavonoids and in vitro antioxidant activities such as
DPPH•
, ferrous ion chelating, reducing power and
ABTS•+
radical scavenging activities.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Collection of plant material
The fresh leaves of Tarenna asiatica were
collected from the Maruthamalai hills, Coimbatore
district, Tamil Nadu, India. Collected plant materials
were washed thoroughly in tap water, shade dried and
then homogenized to fine powder and stored in air tight
bottles.
Preparation of plant extracts
About 50g of powdered plant materials were
extracted (50g/250mL) in a soxhlet extractor for 8 to 10
hours, by using methanol solvent. Then the extract was
evaporated to dryness.
Phytochemical Screening
A portion of the concentrated extracts were used
for the screening tests, both qualitative analysis and
quantitative analysis using standard methods.
Qualitative analysis of phytochemical constituents
Alkaloids
1mL of extract was added with 2-3 drops of
Dragendorff’s reagents. An orange red precipitate was
produced with Dragendorff’s reagent would indicate the
presence of alkaloids (Ciulci, 1994).
Preparation of Dragendorff’s reagent: Hundred
gram tartaric acid was dissolved in 400 mL water. To
this, 8.5 g basic bismuth nitrate was added and the
solution was shaken for 2 hours. 200 mL of 40 %
potassium iodide was then added, and the solution was
shaken vigorously. After 24 hours, the solution was
filtered.
Flavonoids
To 4mL of the extract, a piece of magnesium
ribbon was added followed by concentrated HCl drop
wise. A colour ranging from crimson to magenta
indicated the presence of flavonoids (Sofowora, 1993).
Saponins
1mL of extract was 5mL of distilled water and
shaken well. A persistent froth that lasted for at least 15
minutes indicated the presence of saponin (Brain and
Chandran et al.,2013
197 Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2013) 2(2): 196-204
3. Turner, 1975).
Tannins
2mL of extracts were diluted with distilled water
and added with 2-3 drops of 5% Fecl3. Appearance of
blue-back or green black color indicates the presence of
tannins (Mace and Gorbach, 1963; Ciulci 1994).
Steroids
2mL of methanolic leaf extract were poured in
test tube and evaporated to dryness. The residues were
dissolved in acetic anhydride followed by the addition of
chloroform. Conc.H2SO4 was added to the sides of the
test tube. Formation of brown ring at the interface of the
two liquids and a violet colour in the supernatant layer
indicated the presence of steroids (Ciulci, 1994).
Phenols
Five mL of the concentrated extract was taken
and 2mL of neutral ferric chloride solution was added.
Appearance of violet colour indicates the presence of
phenols (Krishnamoorthy, 1988).
Glycosides
Small amount of methanolic leaf extract was
dissolved in 1mL of water followed by the addition of
NaOH. Appearance of yellow colour indicates the
presence of glycosides (Harborne, 1984).
Terpenoids
Methanolic leaf extracts of the study species
taken in a test tube. To this, some pieces of tin and 3
drops of thionyl chloride were added. Formation of violet
or purple colour indicates the presence of terpenoids
(Trease and Evans, 1996).
Triterpenoids
10mg of the extract was dissolved in 1mL of
chloroform and 1mL of acetic anhydride was added
following the addition of 2mL of conc.H2SO4. Formation
of reddish violet colour indicates the presence of
triterpenoids (Harborne, 1984).
Quantitative analysis of phytochemical constituents
Total phenolic content
The total phenolic content of plant extracts was
determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent according to
the procedure described by Siddhuraju and Becker
(2003). In this method, 20µg of the extract (dissolved in
the respective solvent) was taken in a test tube and made
up to the volume of 1.0mL with distilled water. Then
0.5mL of freshly prepared Folin-ciocalteu phenol reagent
(1:1 with water) and 2.5mL of 20% sodium carbonate
solution were added sequentially in each tube. The
mixtures were agitated and left in the dark at laboratory
temperature for 40min for the development of colour.
The absorbance was recorded at 725 nm against the
reagent blank using a spectrophotometer. A calibration
curve of gallic acid was constructed, and linearity was
obtained in the range of 10-50µg/mL. Using the standard
curve, the total phenol content of the extract was
calculated and expressed as gallic acid equivalent (GAE)
mg/g extract.
Total flavonoids content
The total flavonoids content was estimated as per
the modified method adopted by Zhshen et al. (1999).
1mL of leaf extract after proper dilution added with 2
mL of distilled water and then 0.15mL of sodium nitrite
solution and incubated for 6 minutes. Then, 0.15mL of
10% aluminium chloride solution was added and allowed
to stand for 6 min. Finally 2mL of 4% sodium hydroxide
was made upto 5mL with distilled water and mixed well.
At room temperature, after 15 minutes the absorbance
was measured at 510nm. By using standard curve with
quercetin, the total flavonoids content was estimated.
Mean of the triplicates was expressed as (QE) mg/g
extract on a dry weight basis.
In vitro antioxidant activity
DPPH▪
radical scavenging activity
The antiradical scavenging efficiency was
assessed using the DPPH▪
method as described by Blois
(1958). In this method commercially available methanol
soluble stable free radical DPPH▪
was used. In its radical
form, DPPH▪
has an absorption band at 515nm, which
disappears upon reduction by an antioxidant compound
Chandran et al.,2013
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2013) 2(2): 196-204 198
4. or a radical species. For the photometric assay, different
volumes of the extracts were taken in different test tubes.
The volume was adjusted to 100μL with methanol.
5.0mL of 0.1mM methanolic solution of DPPH▪
was
added to these tubes and shaken vigorously. The tubes
were allowed to stand for 20 min at 27°C. The control
was prepared as above but without the test extract and
methanol was used for the baseline correction. Changes
in the absorbance of the samples were monitored at
517nm. Results were compared with the activity of the
standard, BHT. The per cent DPPH▪
discolouration of the
samples was calculated using the following formula:
DPPH radical scavenging activity (%) = [(Control OD –
Sample OD/Control OD] X 100
Antioxidant activity of the methanolic leaf
extract of the study species was expressed in IC50 [the
microgram of extract to scavenge 50% of the DPPH▪
radicals] which was determined by linear regression.
Lower the IC50 value, greater antioxidant activity.
Ferrous ion chelating assay
Ferrous ion chelating activity was determined
according to the method of Sing and Rajini (2004).
100μL of 2mM FeSo4 and 300μL of 5mM
ferrozine were mixed with different concentration of
samples (50-250μg/mL3). The mixture was allowed to
equilibrate for 10 min before measuring the absorbance.
The ability of the sample to chelate ferrous ion was
calculated by the formula of inhibition percentage as
employed for DPPH•
radical scavenging activity. EDTA
was used as positive controls for comparison.
Reducing power assay
Total reducing power was determined as per the
method of Yildirim et al. (2001). Different
concentrations of methanolic leaf extract of T. asiatica
(50-250μg/mL) were mixed with 1mL of 0.2M sodium
phosphate buffer of 6.6pH and 1mL of 1% potassium
ferric cyanide. Then it was incubated at 50°
C for
20minutes. 1ml of 10% TCA was added to the mixture,
which was then centrifuged at 3000rpm for 1min. Finally
2mL of the supernatant solution were mixed with equal
volume of distilled water. Absorbance was measured at
700nm after the addition of 0.5mL of 1% FeCl3.
Ascorbic acid was used as positive control for
comparison.
Total antioxidant activity
It was performed according to the modified
method of Siddhuraju and Manian, (2007). The ABTS▪+
radical cation (ABTS▪+
) was generated by a reaction of 7
mmol/L ABTS▪+
and 2.45 mmol/L potassium persulfate
after incubation for 16 h at laboratory temperature in
dark. Blue – green ABTS▪+
was formed at the end of this
period. Prior to assay, the solution was diluted in ethanol
Chandran et al.,2013
199 Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2013) 2(2): 196-204
Plant
extract
Phytochemical compounds
Alkaloids Flavanoids Glycosides Steroids Phenols Tannins Saponins Terpenoids Triterpenoids
Leaf ++ ++ +++ - + + - - -
Table 1. Preliminary qualitative phytochemical analysis of methanolic leaf extract of Tarenna asiatica.
‘+’ – Presence of compounds; ‘-’ – Absence of compounds.
Plant extract Extraction yield (%)
Total phenolic content
[GAE (µg/100mg)]
Total flavanoid content
[QE (µg/100mg)]
Leaf 29.8 16.95±0.18 3.72±0.03
Table 2. Extraction yield, total phenolics and flavonoids content of methanolic leaf extract of Tarenna asiatica.
Values were performed in triplicates and represented as mean ± SD.
GAE - Gallic Acid Equivalent, QE - Quercetin Equivalent.
5. Chandran et al.,2013
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2013) 2(2): 196-204 200
(about 1:89 v/v) and equilibrated at 30°C to obtain an
absorbance of 0.700±0.02 at 734 nm, the wavelength of
maximum absorbance in the visible region. The stock
solution of the sample extracts in ethanol was diluted
such that, after introduction of a 10 μL aliquot of each
dilution into the assay, they produced between 20 - 80%
inhibition of the blank absorbance. After the addition of
1.0mL of diluted ABTS•+
solution to 10μL of sample
extracts or Trolox standards (final concentration 0-15
μM) in ethanol, absorbance was recorded at 30°C,
exactly 30 min after the initial mixing. Appropriate
solvent blanks were also run in each assay. Triplicates
were maintained for the experiments and the per cent
inhibition of the blank absorbance at 734 nm was plotted
as a function of Trolox concentration (Re et al., 1999).
The unit of total antioxidant activity (TAA) was defined
as the concentration of Trolox having the equivalent
antioxidant activity expressed as μmol/g sample extracts
on dry weight basis.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
The triplicates were maintained for all tests and
the data were modified to ANOVA followed by DMRT.
Significance at 5% level was calculated.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Phytochemical analysis
Preliminary qualitative phytochemical analysis
This profile of phytochemicals in the leaf part of
T. asiatica can provide ideas about the synthesis of
certain bioactive compounds for the manufacturing of
some useful drugs as reported by Yakubu et al. (2005)
for Fadogia agrestis.
Quantitative phytochemical analysis
The percentage yield of crude methanolic leaf
extract is 29.8. The total phenolics and flavonoids
S. No.
Sample
concentration
(µg/ml)
% of inhibition
IC50 value of leaf
extract
IC50 value of BHT
1. 50 33.20±0.32a
231.48±0.54 34.74±00.26
2. 100 42.05±0.09b
3. 150 52.96±0.31c
4. 200 53.65±0.23cd
5. 250 68.26±0.43e
Table 3. DPPH•
radical scavenging activity of methanolic leaf extract of Tarenna asiatica.
Values were performed in triplicates and represented as mean ± SD.
Mean values followed by different superscript in a column are significantly different (p<0.05).
Butylated Hydroxyl Toluene (BHT).
S. No.
Sample
concentration
(µg/ml)
% of inhibition
IC50 value of leaf
extract
IC50 value of
EDTA
1. 50 48.68±0.12a
152.90±0.04 120.77±0.05
2. 100 49.43±0.34ab
3. 150 58.80±0.13b
4. 200 61.04±0.45c
5. 250 66.66±0.15d
Table 4. Ferrous ion chelating activity of methanolic leaf extract of Tarenna asiatica.
Values were performed in triplicates and represented as mean ± SD.
Mean values followed by different superscript in a column are significantly different (p<0.05).
Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic acid (EDTA).
6. Chandran et al.,2013
201 Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2013) 2(2): 196-204
content of methanolic leaf extract were 16.95µg of
GAE/100mg and 3.7295µg of QE/100mg (Table 2).
Phenolic compounds are known as powerful chain
breaking antioxidants and they may contribute directly to
antioxidative action (Lu et al., 2011). Flavanoids possess
a broad spectrum of chemical and biological activities
including radical scavenging properties (Prasad et al,
2009).
In vitro antioxidant activity
DPPH•
radical scavenging assay
DPPH•
is a relatively stable free radical. The
assay is based on the measurement of the scavenging
ability of antioxidants towards the stable free radicals
DPPH•
(Halliwell and Gutteridge, 2007). Free radical
scavenging capacities of methanolic leaf extract was
measured by their ability to trap free radical DDPH•
. The
percentage of inhibition was increased with the
increasing concentration of the sample from 50-250µg/
mL (Table 3). The IC50 value of the extract was 231.48
which is comparable to that of the standard, BHT.
DPPH•
test provides information on the reactivity of test
compounds with a stable free radical. Because of its,
addition of electron to 2, 2-Diphenyl-Picryl Hyrazyl
radical (DPPH•
) gives a strong absorption band at 517nm
in visible spectroscopy. The efficacies of antioxidants are
often associated with their ability to scavenge stable free
radicals (Krishnaraju et al., 2009). It has been shown that
the scavenging effects on the DPPH•
radical increased
sharply with the increasing concentration of the samples
and stands to a certain extent (Jamuna et al., 2012;
Karthika et al, 2012) and hence are said to be strongly
dependent on the extract concentration.
Ferrous ion metal chelating assay
Metal ion chelating activity may be due to the
chelating agents, which form sigma bonds with the metal
and effective as secondary antioxidants because they
reduce the redox potential, there by the oxidized form of
the metal ion (Gulcin et al., 2004). The results of
antioxidant activity of the methanolic leaf extract of T.
asiatica based on metal chelating activity are given in
Table 4. The percentage of metal chelating activity was
determined to be sample concentration dependent and it
was increased with the increase of concentration of
extract from 50-250µg/mL. The percentage of inhibition
of the metal chelating was varying from 48.68% at 50µg/
mL to 66.66% at 250µg/mL. The IC50 values of the
methanolic leaf extract of the study species was
152.90µg/mL and it was comparable to that of the
standard drug, EDTA. Similar trend of metal ion
scavenging activity was observed in the species,
Cyperus rotundus (Shajiselvin and Kottai Muthu, 2011;
Thambiraj and Paulsamy, 2012).
Reducing power assay
It is based on the principle that the substances of
reduction potential react with potassium ferricyanide
(Fe+++
) to form potassium ferrocyanide (Fe++
) which
reacts with ferric chloride and form ferrous complex that
has an absorption maximum at 700nm. Generally, the
level of reducing power of a compound is one of the
indicators to show the degree of efficiency of its
antioxidant property. Change in yellow colour in to
various shades of green and blue colour in the present
test for the phenolic leaf extract T. asiatica indicates the
presence of antioxidant property for this species. Fig. 1
shows the reductive capabilities of methanolic leaf
Figure 1. Reducing power activity of methanolic leaf
extract of Tarenna asiatica.
7. Chandran et al.,2013
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2013) 2(2): 196-204 202
extract of T. asiatica when compared to the standard,
ascorbic acid. As responded for DPPH•
and ferrous ion
chelating activities, the reducing power also increased
with the increase of concentration of the samples. The
extract of T. asiatica showed the highest reducing ability
(absorbance 0.493) for 250µg/mL. However, the activity
was lesser than the standard, ascorbic acid (absorbance
1.393).
ABTS•+
cation radical scavenging activity
The decolorization of the ABTS•+
, through
measuring the reduction of the radical cation as the
percentage inhibition of absorbance at 734nm (Re et al.,
1999). ABTS•+
was generated by (Wolfenden et al.,
1982) incubating ABTS•+
chromophore through the
reaction. The reduction of the 2,2’-azinobis (3-
ethylnenzo thiazoline sulphonate) radical cation
(ABTS•+
) has widely used to measure the antioxidant
capacity of natural extract (Cai et al., 2004; Cai et al.,
2006). The presence of chemical compounds in the tested
extracts that inhibit the potassium persulfate activity may
reduce the production of ABTS•+
. This study reports that
the methanolic leaf extract of T. asiatica have highest
antioxidant activity, 3186 ± 21.10μmolTE/g extract
(Table 8). It shows that the methanolic leaf extract of T.
asiatica possessed the highest ABTS•+
scavenging
capacity.
Quantitative phytochemical analysis indicated
that the plant extract contains significant amounts of
phenolics and flavonoids compounds such as total
phenolic and flavanoids. These classes of secondary
metabolites are playing major role for antioxidant and
free radical scavenging effect (Sreeram et al., 2005; Gill
et al., 1999; Hazra et al., 2008). The antioxidant activity
of phenolic compounds is mainly due to their redox
properties, which play an important role in neutralizing
free radicals, quenching singlet and triplet oxygen and
flavanoids are wide spread in all natural compounds and
posses a broad spectrum of biological activities. Due to
the presence of phytochemicals in general and phenolics
and flavonoids in large amount in particular, this species,
T. asiatica may has effective free radical scavenging
activity.
CONCLUSION
On the basis of the results obtained in the present
study, it was concluded that the methanolic leaf extract
of T. asiatica possess the significant antioxidant activity.
These findings suggest that this plant is a potential
source of natural antioxidant. However, further studies
are needed to understand the mechanism of action extract
and to isolate the compounds responsible for such
activities.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors are gratefully thankful to
Dr. M. Aruchami, Secretary and Director, Kongunadu
Arts and Science College, Coimbatore for permitting to
do the work in the Botany Department of his institute
under consultancy scheme. They sincerely
acknowledge Dr. S. Paulsamy, Associate Professor in
Botany, Kongunadu Arts and Science College for
offering his expertise to carry out the work.
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