This document provides an analysis of meaning presented by Mahnoor Fatima and Maryam Bibi. It discusses Eugene Nida's work in the 1960s which led to a breakthrough in translation theory. There are two main types of meanings explored: referential meanings, which refer to objects or notions in the real world, and connotative meanings, which are the emotions and associations connected to words. Examples of how words can have positive, negative, or neutral connotations are given. The document also describes hierarchical and componential analyses of meanings, breaking words down into their constituent semantic components to clarify relationships between terms.