Anemia is a decrease in red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hgb), or hematocrit (HCT) levels compared to normal levels for age and sex. Anemias can be classified based on RBC size and hemoglobin content as normocytic normochromic, microcytic hypochromic, or macrocytic normocytic. Common causes of anemia include iron deficiency, anemia of chronic disease, thalassemia, vitamin B12 or folate deficiency, blood loss, and aplastic anemia.

1. -Definition -Classification ANEMIA By: Tassaya Kanyook ID:52112158

2. ANEMIA IS NEVER NORMAL Men: HGB < 13.5 or HCT < 41% Women: HGB < 12.0 or HCT < 36% WHAT IS ANEMIA? Definition of Anemia Anemia is a decrease in the RBC count, Hgb and/or HCT values as compared to normal reference range for age and sex (Also determined by alteration in plasma volume)

4. CLASSIFICATION OF ANEMIAS 1 2

5. CLASSIFICATION OF ANEMIAS 1

6. CLASSIFICATION OF ANEMIAS Hb levels decreased MCV normal Acute blood loss Anemia of chronic disease Aplastic anemia Hemolytic anemia size of erythrocytes is larger than normal Megaloblastic anemia – Vitamin B12, Folate deficiency. size of erythrocytes is smaller than normal Heme synthesis defect Iron deficiency anemia Anemia of chronic disease Thalassemia Sideroblastic anemia 2

7. NORMOCYTIC NORMOCHROMIC ANEMIA It includes Aplastic anemia due to BM failure Blood loss anemia Hemolytic anemia Is a condition in which the size & Hgb content of RBCs is normal but the number of RBCs is decreased.

8. MICROCYTIC- HYPOCHROMIC ANEMIA Many RBCs smaller than nucleus of normal lymphocytes Increased central pallor. Includes Iron deficiency anemia Thalassemia Anemia of chronic disease Sideroblastic anemia Lead poisoning

9. Is a condition in which the total body iron content is decreased below a normal level This results in a reduced red blood cell and hemoglobin production IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA (IDA)

10. Inherited decrease in alpha or beta globin chain synthesis needed for Hgb A; quantitative defect All have microcytic/hypochromic RBCs and target cells Genetic mutations classified by: ↓ beta chains = beta thalassemia…Greek/Italian ↓ alpha chains = alpha thalassemia…Asian THALASSEMIAS Target cells/Codocytes Beta Alpha

11. MACROCYTIC NORMOCYTIC ANEMIAS A. MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA Vitamin B12 deficiency Folate deficiency Abnormal metabolism of folate and vit B12 B. Non megaloblastic anemia Liver disease Alcoholism Post splenoctomy Neonatal macrocytosis Stress erythropoiesis Wright’s stained blood smear

12. Macrocytosis due to a deficiency of vitamin B12 or folic acid that causes impaired nuclear maturation MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA RBC maturation in microcytic anemias…IDA Normoblastic RBC maturation  normocytic red cells Megaloblastic RBC maturation  macrocytic red cells

13. http://themedicalpost.net/2010/07/18/the-general-concept-of-anaemias / http:// accessmedicine.com/search/searchAMResult.aspx?rootterm=anemias&searchType=1&rootID=64&searchStr=anemia&modifier=yes&subID=180 http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thalassemia http:// www.medicinenet.com/anemia/article.htm REFERENCES