This document discusses using the IEEE 802.11e standard to ensure quality of service for multimedia streaming over wireless networks. It proposes a Hop-Based Priority technique that assigns higher priority to packets after each hop of transmission to minimize contention between packets. The technique uses 802.11e's Enhanced Distributed Channel Access to control channel access based on packet priority. Simulation results show the Hop-Based Priority technique can reduce delay and improve throughput for multimedia streaming over wireless mesh networks.
Architectural Options for Metro Carrier-Ethernet Network Buildout: Analysis &...Vishal Sharma, Ph.D.
This workshop is one of the first that we're aware of to give a detailed taxonomy & analysis of deployment options for Carrier Ethernet-based metro/access networks, in one place. We elaborate each option addressing questions like: network architectures possible? Is other supporting technology needed? Or, is it standalone for the applications/services a provider might run, and so on.
Architectural Options for Metro Carrier-Ethernet Network Buildout: Analysis &...Vishal Sharma, Ph.D.
This workshop is one of the first that we're aware of to give a detailed taxonomy & analysis of deployment options for Carrier Ethernet-based metro/access networks, in one place. We elaborate each option addressing questions like: network architectures possible? Is other supporting technology needed? Or, is it standalone for the applications/services a provider might run, and so on.
MODELLING AND PREFORMANCE ANALYSIS FOR VIDEO ON DEMAND PRIOR STORING SERVER ijwmn
To handle the demand for mobile video is increased in the future. The mobile carriers should improve
Video-on-Demand (VoD) System in order to increase video data transfer rate, then improve the system
performance and quality of service (QoS). In this project, we suggest a new architecture for online video
content in 4G LTE networks. The proposed structure includes a prior storing serve in the eNode Base
Station. It applies in every mobile network unit and mobile phone. In this work, we suggest a partial prior
storing strategy. The Prior Storage Server is divided into Prior Storage 1 and Prior Storage 2. The video
content depend on the popularity and value of utility to determine to store in Prior Storage 1 or Prior
Storage 2. The partial prior storage can avoid eject the popular video content by the unpopular video
content. In the project, we use RT-PEPA to model the behaviour of LTE Network and analyse the
performance of LTE Network. Simulation results show that our proposed architecture can improve the
system performance and QoS parameters in terms of packet loss, packet delay and jitter.
Today’s emerging metro Ethernet networks represent a significant shift in the way in which data services are offered to enterprise and residential customers. With Ethernet emerging as the access interface of choice, services such as packet-leased line and virtual private LAN service are being delivered over a wide mix of transport technologies – SONET/SDH, next-gen SONET/SDH, Ethernet/WDM, and...
In this presentation, RAD’s Chief Scientist, Dr. Yaakov Stein, reviews the evolution of Ethernet OAM tools and practices and discusses the drivers for their developm
Wireless LAN Design and Deployment of Rich Media NetworksCisco Mobility
Technical presentation on Wi-Fi channel designs for voice and video calls, including bandwidth management of the Wi-Fi cell and Wireless LAN Controller configurations for VoWLAN and Wi-Fi SIP calls. Learn More: http://www.cisco.com/go/wireless
The NGN Carrier Ethernet System: Technologies, Architecture and Deployment Mo...Cisco Canada
This presentation discusses market trends and its impact on Network infrastructure, Cisco carrier Ethernet Transport Architecture, Cisco carrier Ethernet portfolio and TCO Leadership.
LTE network: How it all comes together architecture technical posterDavid Swift
Mobile network operators that want to deploy LTE now want to do so on their own terms. They want to roll out ultrafast mobile broadband safe in the knowledge that one vendor’s solution will work efficiently with another, while delivering the high level of service that subscribers expect. A standards-based network will ensure the goal is met and help drive down cost for operators, but understanding how to pull it all together can be a challenge. So how does it all come together?
MODELLING AND PREFORMANCE ANALYSIS FOR VIDEO ON DEMAND PRIOR STORING SERVER ijwmn
To handle the demand for mobile video is increased in the future. The mobile carriers should improve
Video-on-Demand (VoD) System in order to increase video data transfer rate, then improve the system
performance and quality of service (QoS). In this project, we suggest a new architecture for online video
content in 4G LTE networks. The proposed structure includes a prior storing serve in the eNode Base
Station. It applies in every mobile network unit and mobile phone. In this work, we suggest a partial prior
storing strategy. The Prior Storage Server is divided into Prior Storage 1 and Prior Storage 2. The video
content depend on the popularity and value of utility to determine to store in Prior Storage 1 or Prior
Storage 2. The partial prior storage can avoid eject the popular video content by the unpopular video
content. In the project, we use RT-PEPA to model the behaviour of LTE Network and analyse the
performance of LTE Network. Simulation results show that our proposed architecture can improve the
system performance and QoS parameters in terms of packet loss, packet delay and jitter.
Today’s emerging metro Ethernet networks represent a significant shift in the way in which data services are offered to enterprise and residential customers. With Ethernet emerging as the access interface of choice, services such as packet-leased line and virtual private LAN service are being delivered over a wide mix of transport technologies – SONET/SDH, next-gen SONET/SDH, Ethernet/WDM, and...
In this presentation, RAD’s Chief Scientist, Dr. Yaakov Stein, reviews the evolution of Ethernet OAM tools and practices and discusses the drivers for their developm
Wireless LAN Design and Deployment of Rich Media NetworksCisco Mobility
Technical presentation on Wi-Fi channel designs for voice and video calls, including bandwidth management of the Wi-Fi cell and Wireless LAN Controller configurations for VoWLAN and Wi-Fi SIP calls. Learn More: http://www.cisco.com/go/wireless
The NGN Carrier Ethernet System: Technologies, Architecture and Deployment Mo...Cisco Canada
This presentation discusses market trends and its impact on Network infrastructure, Cisco carrier Ethernet Transport Architecture, Cisco carrier Ethernet portfolio and TCO Leadership.
LTE network: How it all comes together architecture technical posterDavid Swift
Mobile network operators that want to deploy LTE now want to do so on their own terms. They want to roll out ultrafast mobile broadband safe in the knowledge that one vendor’s solution will work efficiently with another, while delivering the high level of service that subscribers expect. A standards-based network will ensure the goal is met and help drive down cost for operators, but understanding how to pull it all together can be a challenge. So how does it all come together?
Design and Development of Turmeric Polishing MachineIJMER
Abstract: Polishing of harvested turmeric is a bigger
problem for the turmeric producers in an India. The
customer is in need of high quality polished turmeric for
making turmeric powder. In this regard there is a need of
polishing machine for washing turmeric to remove
unwanted impurities and scales of harvested turmeric. The
paper presents the new design of turmeric polishing
machine which is based on designed for manufacturing,
assembly and maintenance. The phenomenon of abrasion
used in polishing, which is caused by the friction between
expanded wired metal mesh and turmeric. The scale and
unwanted impurities are fallen down on the base easily,
which seems to be quite difficult in hand polishing. The
designed machine is very simple in operation, efficient in
polishing of harvested turmeric at a good speed of
production. This machine seems very simple at same time
very efficient in polishing about 50 kg of harvested
turmeric at a speed about of 75 rpm for about 20 min.
Keywords: Turmeric polishing machine,
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Quality of Service for Video Streaming using EDCA in MANETijsrd.com
Mobile Ad-hoc network(MANET) is a collection of wireless terminals that are able to dynamically form a temporary network. To establish such a network no fixed infrastructure is required. Here, it is the responsibility of network nodes to forward each other's packets and thus these nodes also act as routers. In such a network resources are limited and also topology changes dynamically. So providing Quality of service(QoS) is also necessary. QoS is more important for real time applications for example Video Streaming. IEEE 802.11e network standard supports QoS through EDCA technique. This technique does not fulfill the requirements of QoS. So, in this project modified EDCA technique is proposed to enhance QoS for Video Streaming application. This technique is implemented in NS2 and compared with traditional EDCA.
A NOVEL SLOTTED ALLOCATION MECHANISM TO PROVIDE QOS FOR EDCF PROTOCOLIAEME Publication
The IEEE 802.11e EDCF mechanism cannot guarantee the QOS of high-priority traffic as the bandwidth consumption of the low-priority traffic increases. Also, in the presence of high priority traffic dampen link utilization of low priority traffic. To overcome these problems, we propose the Novel mechanism in our research that extends IEEE 802.11e EDCF by introducing a Super Slot and Virtual Collision. Compared to EDCF, our proposed approach has EDCF has two advantages: (a) Higher priority traffic achieves Quality of service regardless of the amount of low priority traffic, and (b) Low priority traffic obtains a higher throughput in the presence of same amount of high priority traffic.
Revamping quality of service of video streaming over wireless laneSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Performance evaluation of the IEEE 802.11n random topology WLAN with QoS appl...IJECEIAES
The IEEE 802.11n supports high data rate transmissions due its physical layer Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) advanced antenna system and MAC layer enhancement features (frame aggregation and block acknowledgement). As a result this standard is very suitable for multimedia services through its Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA). This paper focuses on evaluating the Quality of Service (QoS) application on the performance of the IEEE 802.11n random topology WLAN. Three different number of nodes (3, 9 and 18) random topology with one access point are modeled and simulated by using the Riverbed OPNET 17.5 Modular to investigate the Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) performance for different spatial streams. The result clarified the impact of QoS application and showed that its effect is best at the 18 node number topology. For a 4x4 MIMO, when QoS is applied and with respect to the no QoS application case, simulation results show a maximum improvement of 86.4%, 33.9%, 52.2% and 68.9% for throughput, delay, data drop and retransmission attempts, respectively.
A Novel Resource Allocation Method For Multicasting Network Using Call Admiss...IJTET Journal
Abstract— WiMAX relay networks make resource allocation decisions once per frame. An IEEE 802.16j frame consists of a downlink sub frame and an uplink sub frame. This study focuses on the downlink multicast problems. The downlink sub frame can be divided into an access zone and a relay zone. In the access zone, the BS transmits the video data to its served RSs and SSs. In the relay zone, the RSs further relay the video data to their served SSs. To determine the data transmissions within each frame, the BS should make a scheduling decision at the beginning of each frame using an appropriate resource allocation scheme. WiMAX is generally used to reduce the delays and packet loss. It a wireless standard designed to provide data transfer. In this paper mainly focuses on implementing BGWA based algorithm in order to avoid unwanted intrusion occurrences in handoff time. The Mobile Motion Prediction algorithm generally keeps track of the positions of the mobile stations and their relevant connections. The task of motion prediction is to track the motion of the mobile station in different gateways. Then different prediction methods are applied according to the sensitivity of the range to gain high precision. CAC Approach can be used to the worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) is a promising technology for last-mile Internet access, particularly in the areas where wired infrastructures are not available. Mainly this approach is used to transmitting the video/Audio sending from base station to relay station with transmitting or secretes code.
It is an international non- profit, professional organisation or the advancement of technology related to electricity. It is the largest professional organization in the world with more than 3,60,000 members in around 175 countries.
SAN Virtuosity Series: Network Convergence & Fibre Channel over EthernetEmulex Corporation
This webcast is the fourth in the SAN Virtuosity series from Cisco, VMware, and Emulex and will explore the opportunity to save money by converging your SAN and LAN traffic with FCoE. This webcast introduces network convergence and FCoE, and provides an overview on how to plan for a successful deployment. It will highlight how key products and technologies from Emulex, Cisco and VMware answer the critical questions that must be resolved so that deployments can go forward with a high level of confidence.
A Study on Translucent Concrete Product and Its Properties by Using Optical F...IJMER
- Translucent concrete is a concrete based material with light-transferring properties,
obtained due to embedded light optical elements like Optical fibers used in concrete. Light is conducted
through the concrete from one end to the other. This results into a certain light pattern on the other
surface, depending on the fiber structure. Optical fibers transmit light so effectively that there is
virtually no loss of light conducted through the fibers. This paper deals with the modeling of such
translucent or transparent concrete blocks and panel and their usage and also the advantages it brings
in the field. The main purpose is to use sunlight as a light source to reduce the power consumption of
illumination and to use the optical fiber to sense the stress of structures and also use this concrete as an
architectural purpose of the building
Developing Cost Effective Automation for Cotton Seed DelintingIJMER
A low cost automation system for removal of lint from cottonseed is to be designed and
developed. The setup consists of stainless steel drum with stirrer in which cottonseeds having lint is mixed
with concentrated sulphuric acid. So lint will get burn. This lint free cottonseed treated with lime water to
neutralize acidic nature. After water washing this cottonseeds are used for agriculter purpose
Study & Testing Of Bio-Composite Material Based On Munja FibreIJMER
The incorporation of natural fibres such as munja fiber composites has gained
increasing applications both in many areas of Engineering and Technology. The aim of this study is to
evaluate mechanical properties such as flexural and tensile properties of reinforced epoxy composites.
This is mainly due to their applicable benefits as they are light weight and offer low cost compared to
synthetic fibre composites. Munja fibres recently have been a substitute material in many weight-critical
applications in areas such as aerospace, automotive and other high demanding industrial sectors. In
this study, natural munja fibre composites and munja/fibreglass hybrid composites were fabricated by a
combination of hand lay-up and cold-press methods. A new variety in munja fibre is the present work
the main aim of the work is to extract the neat fibre and is characterized for its flexural characteristics.
The composites are fabricated by reinforcing untreated and treated fibre and are tested for their
mechanical, properties strictly as per ASTM procedures.
Hybrid Engine (Stirling Engine + IC Engine + Electric Motor)IJMER
Hybrid engine is a combination of Stirling engine, IC engine and Electric motor. All these 3 are
connected together to a single shaft. The power source of the Stirling engine will be a Solar Panel. The aim of
this is to run the automobile using a Hybrid engine
Fabrication & Characterization of Bio Composite Materials Based On Sunnhemp F...IJMER
The present day technology demands eco-friendly developments. In this era the
composite material are playing a vital roal in different field of Engineering .The composite materials
are using as a principle materials. Nowaday the composite materials are utilizing as a important
component of engineering field .Where as the importance of the applications of composites is well
known, but thrust on the use of natural fibres in it for reinforcement has been given priority for some
times. But changing from synthetic fibres to natural fibres provides only half green-composites. A
partial green composite will be achieved if the matrix component is also eco-friendly. Keeping this in
view, a detailed literature surveyed has been carried out through various issues of the Journals
related to this field. The material systems used are sunnhemp fibres. Some epoxy and hardener has
been also added for stability and drying of the bio-composites. Various graphs and bar-charts are
super-imposed on each other for comparison among themselves and Graphs is plotted on MAT LAB
and ORIGIN 6.0 software. To determining tensile strengths, Various properties for different biocomposites
have been compared among themselves. Comparison of the behaviour of bio-composites of
this work has been also compare with other works. The bio-composites developed in this work are
likely to get applications in fall ceilings, partitions, bio-degradable packagings, automotive interiors,
sports things (e.g. rackets, nets, etc.), toys etc.
Geochemistry and Genesis of Kammatturu Iron Ores of Devagiri Formation, Sandu...IJMER
The Greenstone belts of Karnataka are enriched in BIFs in Dharwar craton, where Iron
formations are confined to the basin shelf, clearly separated from the deeper-water iron formation that
accumulated at the basin margin and flanking the marine basin. Geochemical data procured in terms of
major, trace and REE are plotted in various diagrams to interpret the genesis of BIFs. Al2O3, Fe2O3 (T),
TiO2, CaO, and SiO2 abundances and ratios show a wide variation. Ni, Co, Zr, Sc, V, Rb, Sr, U, Th,
ΣREE, La, Ce and Eu anomalies and their binary relationships indicate that wherever the terrigenous
component has increased, the concentration of elements of felsic such as Zr and Hf has gone up. Elevated
concentrations of Ni, Co and Sc are contributed by chlorite and other components characteristic of basic
volcanic debris. The data suggest that these formations were generated by chemical and clastic
sedimentary processes on a shallow shelf. During transgression, chemical precipitation took place at the
sediment-water interface, whereas at the time of regression. Iron ore formed with sedimentary structures
and textures in Kammatturu area, in a setting where the water column was oxygenated.
Experimental Investigation on Characteristic Study of the Carbon Steel C45 in...IJMER
In this paper, the mechanical characteristics of C45 medium carbon steel are investigated
under various working conditions. The main characteristic to be studied on this paper is impact toughness
of the material with different configurations and the experiment were carried out on charpy impact testing
equipment. This study reveals the ability of the material to absorb energy up to failure for various
specimen configurations under different heat treated conditions and the corresponding results were
compared with the analysis outcome
Non linear analysis of Robot Gun Support Structure using Equivalent Dynamic A...IJMER
Robot guns are being increasingly employed in automotive manufacturing to replace
risky jobs and also to increase productivity. Using a single robot for a single operation proves to be
expensive. Hence for cost optimization, multiple guns are mounted on a single robot and multiple
operations are performed. Robot Gun structure is an efficient way in which multiple welds can be done
simultaneously. However mounting several weld guns on a single structure induces a variety of
dynamic loads, especially during movement of the robot arm as it maneuvers to reach the weld
locations. The primary idea employed in this paper, is to model those dynamic loads as equivalent G
force loads in FEA. This approach will be on the conservative side, and will be saving time and
subsequently cost efficient. The approach of the paper is towards creating a standard operating
procedure when it comes to analysis of such structures, with emphasis on deploying various technical
aspects of FEA such as Non Linear Geometry, Multipoint Constraint Contact Algorithm, Multizone
meshing .
Static Analysis of Go-Kart Chassis by Analytical and Solid Works SimulationIJMER
This paper aims to do modelling, simulation and performing the static analysis of a go
kart chassis consisting of Circular beams. Modelling, simulations and analysis are performed using 3-D
modelling software i.e. Solid Works and ANSYS according to the rulebook provided by Indian Society of
New Era Engineers (ISNEE) for National Go Kart Championship (NGKC-14).The maximum deflection is
determined by performing static analysis. Computed results are then compared to analytical calculation,
where it is found that the location of maximum deflection agrees well with theoretical approximation but
varies on magnitude aspect.
In récent year various vehicle introduced in market but due to limitation in
carbon émission and BS Séries limitd speed availability vehicle in the market and causing of
environnent pollution over few year There is need to decrease dependancy on fuel vehicle.
bicycle is to be modified for optional in the future To implement new technique using change in
pedal assembly and variable speed gearbox such as planetary gear optimise speed of vehicle
with variable speed ratio.To increase the efficiency of bicycle for confortable drive and to
reduce torque appli éd on bicycle. we introduced epicyclic gear box in which transmission done
throgh Chain Drive (i.e. Sprocket )to rear wheel with help of Epicyclical gear Box to give
number of différent Speed during driving.To reduce torque requirent in the cycle with change in
the pedal mechanism
Integration of Struts & Spring & Hibernate for Enterprise ApplicationsIJMER
The proposal of this paper is to present Spring Framework which is widely used in
developing enterprise applications. Considering the current state where applications are developed using
the EJB model, Spring Framework assert that ordinary java beans(POJO) can be utilize with minimal
modifications. This modular framework can be used to develop the application faster and can reduce
complexity. This paper will highlight the design overview of Spring Framework along with its features that
have made the framework useful. The integration of multiple frameworks for an E-commerce system has
also been addressed in this paper. This paper also proposes structure for a website based on integration of
Spring, Hibernate and Struts Framework.
Microcontroller Based Automatic Sprinkler Irrigation SystemIJMER
Microcontroller based Automatic Sprinkler System is a new concept of using
intelligence power of embedded technology in the sprinkler irrigation work. Designed system replaces
the conventional manual work involved in sprinkler irrigation to automatic process. Using this system a
farmer is protected against adverse inhuman weather conditions, tedious work of changing over of
sprinkler water pipe lines & risk of accident due to high pressure in the water pipe line. Overall
sprinkler irrigation work is transformed in to a comfortableautomatic work. This system provides
flexibility & accuracy in respect of time set for the operation of a sprinkler water pipe lines. In present
work the author has designed and developed an automatic sprinkler irrigation system which is
controlled and monitored by a microcontroller interfaced with solenoid valves.
On some locally closed sets and spaces in Ideal Topological SpacesIJMER
In this paper we introduce and characterize some new generalized locally closed sets
known as
δ
ˆ
s-locally closed sets and spaces are known as
δ
ˆ
s-normal space and
δ
ˆ
s-connected space and
discussed some of their properties
Intrusion Detection and Forensics based on decision tree and Association rule...IJMER
This paper present an approach based on the combination of, two techniques using
decision tree and Association rule mining for Probe attack detection. This approach proves to be
better than the traditional approach of generating rules for fuzzy expert system by clustering methods.
Association rule mining for selecting the best attributes together and decision tree for identifying the
best parameters together to create the rules for fuzzy expert system. After that rules for fuzzy expert
system are generated using association rule mining and decision trees. Decision trees is generated for
dataset and to find the basic parameters for creating the membership functions of fuzzy inference
system. Membership functions are generated for the probe attack. Based on these rules we have
created the fuzzy inference system that is used as an input to neuro-fuzzy system. Fuzzy inference
system is loaded to neuro-fuzzy toolbox as an input and the final ANFIS structure is generated for
outcome of neuro-fuzzy approach. The experiments and evaluations of the proposed method were
done with NSL-KDD intrusion detection dataset. As the experimental results, the proposed approach
based on the combination of, two techniques using decision tree and Association rule mining
efficiently detected probe attacks. Experimental results shows better results for detecting intrusions as
compared to others existing methods
Natural Language Ambiguity and its Effect on Machine LearningIJMER
"Natural language processing" here refers to the use and ability of systems to process
sentences in a natural language such as English, rather than in a specialized artificial computer
language such as C++. The systems of real interest here are digital computers of the type we think of as
personal computers and mainframes. Of course humans can process natural languages, but for us the
question is whether digital computers can or ever will process natural languages. We have tried to
explore in depth and break down the types of ambiguities persistent throughout the natural languages
and provide an answer to the question “How it affects the machine translation process and thereby
machine learning as whole?” .
Today in era of software industry there is no perfect software framework available for
analysis and software development. Currently there are enormous number of software development
process exists which can be implemented to stabilize the process of developing a software system. But no
perfect system is recognized till yet which can help software developers for opting of best software
development process. This paper present the framework of skillful system combined with Likert scale. With
the help of Likert scale we define a rule based model and delegate some mass score to every process and
develop one tool name as MuxSet which will help the software developers to select an appropriate
development process that may enhance the probability of system success.
Material Parameter and Effect of Thermal Load on Functionally Graded CylindersIJMER
The present study investigates the creep in a thick-walled composite cylinders made
up of aluminum/aluminum alloy matrix and reinforced with silicon carbide particles. The distribution
of SiCp is assumed to be either uniform or decreasing linearly from the inner to the outer radius of
the cylinder. The creep behavior of the cylinder has been described by threshold stress based creep
law with a stress exponent of 5. The composite cylinders are subjected to internal pressure which is
applied gradually and steady state condition of stress is assumed. The creep parameters required to
be used in creep law, are extracted by conducting regression analysis on the available experimental
results. The mathematical models have been developed to describe steady state creep in the composite
cylinder by using von-Mises criterion. Regression analysis is used to obtain the creep parameters
required in the study. The basic equilibrium equation of the cylinder and other constitutive equations
have been solved to obtain creep stresses in the cylinder. The effect of varying particle size, particle
content and temperature on the stresses in the composite cylinder has been analyzed. The study
revealed that the stress distributions in the cylinder do not vary significantly for various combinations
of particle size, particle content and operating temperature except for slight variation observed for
varying particle content. Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) emerged and led to the development
of superior heat resistant materials.
Energy Audit is the systematic process for finding out the energy conservation
opportunities in industrial processes. The project carried out studies on various energy conservation
measures application in areas like lighting, motors, compressors, transformer, ventilation system etc.
In this investigation, studied the technical aspects of the various measures along with its cost benefit
analysis.
Investigation found that major areas of energy conservation are-
1. Energy efficient lighting schemes.
2. Use of electronic ballast instead of copper ballast.
3. Use of wind ventilators for ventilation.
4. Use of VFD for compressor.
5. Transparent roofing sheets to reduce energy consumption.
So Energy Audit is the only perfect & analyzed way of meeting the Industrial Energy Conservation.
An Implementation of I2C Slave Interface using Verilog HDLIJMER
The focus of this paper is on implementation of Inter Integrated Circuit (I2C) protocol
following slave module for no data loss. In this paper, the principle and the operation of I2C bus protocol
will be introduced. It follows the I2C specification to provide device addressing, read/write operation and
an acknowledgement. The programmable nature of device provide users with the flexibility of configuring
the I2C slave device to any legal slave address to avoid the slave address collision on an I2C bus with
multiple slave devices. This paper demonstrates how I2C Master controller transmits and receives data to
and from the Slave with proper synchronization.
The module is designed in Verilog and simulated in ModelSim. The design is also synthesized in Xilinx
XST 14.1. This module acts as a slave for the microprocessor which can be customized for no data loss.
Discrete Model of Two Predators competing for One PreyIJMER
This paper investigates the dynamical behavior of a discrete model of one prey two
predator systems. The equilibrium points and their stability are analyzed. Time series plots are obtained
for different sets of parameter values. Also bifurcation diagrams are plotted to show dynamical behavior
of the system in selected range of growth parameter
Discrete Model of Two Predators competing for One Prey
An2418881897
1. International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)
www.ijmer.com Vol.2, Issue.4, July-Aug. 2012 pp-1888-1897 ISSN: 2249-6645
Use of IEEE 802.11e to Ensure the Quality of Service (QOS) For
Multimedia Streaming
V. REVATHI1, S. VANITHA2
1
PG Student, Department of ECE, SNS College of technology, India
2
Assistant Professor, Department of ECE, SNS College of technology, India
ABSTRACT: Multimedia streaming is a key service provided by certain home appliances. A home network helps to control
home appliances, to connect the internet and to use data in home server. A large bandwidth and real time operations are
required for multimedia streaming services that consist of large amount of data and require sufficient bandwidth and delay
variation to achieve the good quality of service. It is difficult for WLAN to guarantee a high QOS with respect to bandwidth
and delay. Hence 802.11e standard is designed to solve this problem. It has Hybrid Coordination Function (HCF) and
Enhanced Distributed Coordination Function (EDCF) to support QOS that could not be supported in the 802.11 standard.
The Hop-Based Priority (HBP) technique using 802.11e is used for ensuring a good QOS for multimedia streaming. In HBP
technique, the multimedia streaming data packets are assigned a higher priority after every hop. So that each packet
increases the priority and minimizes the contention between the packets. We propose HBP technique in Adhoc mesh
network. The wireless mesh network has been an emerging technology, since many routes may randomly exist and some
routes have a lower priority than other routes at cross route node and cannot obtain the channel. For this, label switching
routing protocol is used for the efficient transmission to reduce the delay and improve the throughput.
Keywords: Multimedia streaming, 802.11e EDCF, Hop-based priority technique, label switching routing protocol.
I. INTRODUCTION
Networks have evolved from wired to wireless. Recently, users of wireless LAN (WLAN) like laptop computer, PDA,
mobile internet devices are increasing rapidly. WLAN supports scalability, flexibility and ubiquity, and these features make
WLAN more popular. Especially, wireless multi-hop network has overcome the limit of WLAN’s communication range.
The applications and services of wired and wireless networks are not different. Quality of Service (QoS) is a key problem of
today’s IP networks.
In wireless environments, bandwidth is scarce and channel conditions are time-varying and sometimes highly lossy.
Although IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN (WLAN) is the most widely used WLAN standard today, it cannot provide QoS
support for the increasing number of multimedia applications. Since multimedia streaming services have to be played in real-
time, a large bandwidth is required. Services that need a good Quality of Service (QoS) like Voice over IP (VoIP) and
multimedia streaming can be provided through wireless networks . However, WLAN cannot provide good QoS with respect
to bandwidth and delay. High collision rate and frequent retransmissions cause unpredictable delays and jitter, which
degrade the quality of real-time voice and video transmission. So IEEE 802.11e is the MAC enhancement standard used for
providing QoS for the real-time applications. In this paper we analyze the Hop-Based Priority technique in multicast network
and propose a solution for it.
II. IEEE 802.11E OVERVIEW
The upcoming IEEE 802.11e wireless LAN standard is the MAC enhancement standard for providing QoS capabilities in the
emerging wireless local area networks. For achieving QoS, IEEE 802.11e uses multiple queues for the prioritized and
separate handling of different traffic categories (TCs).IEEE 802.11e introduces the Enhanced Distributed Coordination
Function (EDCF) and the Hybrid Coordination Function (HCF).
MAC layer
802.11e / TGe
802.11 MAC MAC Enhancements - QoS
802.11f / TGf
Inter-Access Point Protocol
802.11i / TGi
Enhanced Security
Mechanisms
Figure 1 802.11 MAC
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2. International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)
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The 802.11e MAC is based on both center controlled channel access and contention-based channel access mechanisms.
Figure 1 specifies the legacy 802.11 MAC with MAC enhancement scheme for supporting QoS. The 802.11e enhances the
Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) and Point Coordination Function (PCF) both the
2.1. Hybrid Coordination Function (HCF)
HCF is the queue based service which extends the Point Coordination Function (PCF) to support the immediate sending of
data. An Access Point (AP)-based infrastructure mode is used in HCF. HCF uses QoS-Enhanced Access Point (QAP) as a
traffic director for different queues. HCF uses two modes of operation: HCF Controlled Channel Access (HCCA) is
contention free, Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) is contention based access mechanism.The HCF is the basis
for the EDCF and controls both the contention free period (CFP) and contention period (CP). Therefore one enhanced station
must be responsible for the management of the medium access. His station is denoted as Hybrid Coordinator (HC). The HC
is normally co-located to the access point (AP).
III. Enhanced Distributed Coordination Function (EDCF)
EDCF supports priority upon DCF. EDCF introduces the concept of traffic categories. EDCF provides differentiated,
distributed channel accesses for frames with eight different priorities (from 0 to 7) by enhancing DCF as specified in Table
1.
Table 1 User traffic priorities mapped to access categories
User Access IEEE 802.11E
Priority Category Service Type
1 AC_BK Background
2 AC_BK Background
0 AC_BE Best Effort
3 AC_BE Video
4 AC_VI Video
5 AC_ VI Video
6 AC_VO Voice
7 AC_VO Voice
EDCF establishes a probabilistic priority mechanism to allocate bandwidth based on traffic categories. Distinct
from the legacy DCF, the EDCF is not a separate coordination function rather, it is a part of HCF of 802.11e MAC. Each
frame from the higher layer arrives at the MAC along with the specific priority value. Then, each QoS data frame carries its
specific priority value in the MAC header frame. 802.11e station implements four access categories where an access
category is an enhanced variant of DCF 0.
The EDCF enhances the 802.11 DCF by introducing an own backoff instance with a separate backoff parameter set for each
priority queue. Each TC on a station contends for a transmission opportunity (TXOP). A TXOP is defined as "an interval of
time when a station has the right to initiate transmissions, defined by a starting time and the maximum duration".
AC 0 AC 1 AC 2 AC 3
Backoff Backoff Backoff Backoff
AIFS [0] AIFS [1] AIFS [2] AIFS [3]
BC [0] BC [1] BC [2] BC [3]
Virtual Collision Handler
Transmission
Attempt
Figure 2 Four access categories for EDCF
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Figure 2 shows the four transmission queues of 802.11e MAC, where each queue has its own AIFS and maintains its own
backoff counter [12]. Each queue contends for Transmission Opportunity (TXOP) to send the packets. When more than one
access categories compete for the backoff at the same time then collision is handled virtually. It means, the highest priority
frame among the colliding frames is transmitted and the other frames perform a backoff.
An access category uses AIFSD [AC], CWmin [AC] and CWmax [AC] instead of DIFS, CWmin and CWmax of
DCF respectively for the contention process to transmit the frame. AIFSD [AC] is given by,
AIFSD [AC] = SIFS + AIFS [AC] * SlotTime
Where AIFS [AC] is an integer greater than 0. The EDCF channel access mechanism is shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3 IEEE 802.11e EDCF channel access
EDCF => Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA).
IV. HOP-BASED PRIORITY TECHNIQUE
The Hop-Based Priority (HBP) technique using 802.11e EDCF is used for minimizing the contention between the hops. A
previous packet contends with a next packet when packets try to transmit to a destination through a route. If the previous
packet and next packet have the same priority and contend with each other by a fair condition which means the probability of
gain of each packet in the channel is 50%. The effect that the next packet cannot get the channel by contention with the
previous packet is small. If the next packet wins the previous packet and transmits one more hop, it cannot transmit more
hops until the previous packet transmits. This causes the delay to decrease and bandwidth to increase. So the previous packet
has a highest priority than the next packet every time.
Increase priority
Source Destination
Figure 4 Hop-by-hop increases in priority
In order to avoid this contention between the previous and next packets Hop-based priority technique is used. In HBP, each
packet increases the priority after every hop and minimizes the contention between the packets as specified in Figure 5. In
other words, a priority is assigned to each hop and a packet is assigned a higher priority after each hop. The inter -packet
delay is constant in HBP. The HBP technique uses 802.11e EDCF which can control the channel gain on the basis of
priority.
V. RELATED WORK
Most of the previous work on wireless LAN specifies the QoS using various mechanisms.
In [2], A. Ksentini et al. introduced a new cross-layer architecture that ensures H.264 video transmission over IEEE 802.11-
based wireless networks. This architecture achieves better performances in terms of delays and loss rate than actual WLAN
standard and QoS enhancement mechanism and increases the video quality.
In [3], Q.Zhang et al. proposed a new multimedia streaming TCP-friendly protocol (MSTFP) and a novel quality-adaptation
resource allocation scheme to periodically estimate the available bandwidth using MSTFP. It achieves the improvement in
end-to-end QoS.
In [4], H. Gharavi et al. proposed a cross-layer feedback mechanism with a rate control approach. This method effectively
controls the packet-loss rate by avoiding excessive packet drops, which could affect the resynchronization process at the
decoder.
In [5], Antonio Grilo et al. presented a scheduling algorithm- Scheduling Based on Estimated Transmission Times—Earliest
Due Date (SETT—EDD)for QoS provisioning in IEEE 802.11e WLANs. SETT-EDD achieves better performance in the
transmission of streamed video.
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VI. PRIOR WORK
The main objective of this paper is to improve the Quality of Service(QoS) for multimedia streaming
services in IEEE 802.11e standard using Hop Based Priority(HBP) technique.The Hop Based Priority(HBP) technique
is used in IEEE 802.11E Standard.IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN(WLAN) is one of the most deployed wireless
technologies in all over the world and is likely to play a major role in next generation wireless communication
networks.The IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN has simple and robust WLAN which offers time-bounded and asynchronous
services.
HBP
technique
Network Video Network 802.11e
creation Minimize Output
coding abstraction with
layer contention
layer EDCF
Figure 5 Block diagram of HBP with mesh network
5.1 Wireless network creation
The network topology in an ad-hoc network is highly dynamic due to the movement of nodes; hence an on-going session
suffers frequent path breaks. Disruption occurs, either due to the movement of intermediate nodes in the path or due to the
movement of end nodes. Such situations do not arise because of reliable links in wired networks where all the nodes are
stationary. Even though wired network provides high reliability with low cost but the Quality of Service (QoS) is not
provided in the better way. So the wireless ad-hoc networks must be used able to perform efficient and effective mobility
management. The simulation time required to create wireless network is 15M. The following two parameters stand for the
physical terrain in which the nodes are being simulated. For example, the following represents an area of size 100 meters by
100 meters. All range parameters are in terms of meters.
TERRAIN – DIMENSIONS (800,800)
The following parameter represents the number of nodes being simulated.
NUMBER-OF-NODES 10
5.2 Video coding packet
Requirements of multimedia streaming are different from those of a general file transfer. Bandwidth is the most important
factor in a file transfer. A large bandwidth leads to a short transfer time and guarantees a good QoS. However, streaming has
variable requirements with respect to the type of streaming service. Bandwidth is important in multimedia streaming.
Multimedia data size typically ranges from a few megabytes to a few gigabytes. These large amounts of data require
sufficient bandwidth to minimize buffering. If sufficient bandwidth is not guaranteed, then multimedia streaming service
must have periodic buffering or download all multimedia data before play. Therefore, bandwidth is an important factor for
multimedia streaming. Another important requirement for multimedia streaming is the delay variation or jitter. Buffering for
multimedia streaming is decided by the delay variation. When the delay variation is large, the buffering time increases
considerably in order to minimize the effect of delay. Delay is determined upon the initialization of multimedia streaming. If
a delay spike occurs after initialization, additional buffering is required and a low quality of multimedia is experienced. In
ad-hoc network, Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) protocol maintains a routing table for an entry (destination)
with a hop count (number of hops from source to destination) and a sequence number. This can be used by the application to
control the transmission rate in accordance with the hop count. If a route change is the consequence of a link breakage, any
intermediate node (between the source and the destination) detecting the link breakage (to the next hop) will send the route
error (RERR) message back to the source node. Therefore, the source node may use the reception of RERR as an indication
of a link breakage. As soon as a new route is established, the application layer, upon receiving the hop-count information
from the routing layer, can adjust its bit rates in accordance with the permissible transmission rate. In the case of video
communications, the bit rates can be adjusted by changing the value of the Quantization Parameter (QP). This parameter has
been specifically defined in the syntax structure by all video coding standards as a means to control the video transmission
rate. Here, a new video-coding standard such as H.264 Advanced Video Coding (AVC) is used. H.264 AVC is a standard
capable of proving good video quality at substantially lower bit rates than previous standards (H.263 or MPEG-4), without
increasing the complexity of design so much that it would be impractical or excessively expensive to implement. An
additional goal was to provide enough flexibility to allow the standards to be applied to a wide variety of applications on a
wide variety of networks and systems, including low and high bit rates, low and high resolution video, broadcast and ITU-T
multimedia telephony systems.
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5.3 Network abstraction layer
Cross-layer architecture is designed for H.264 AVC. Such a cross-layer architecture is based on two main interactions with
802.11e. First, a top-down cross-layer interaction allows the H.264 network abstraction layer (NAL) video delivery module
to transmit the QoS information related to the video fragment priority to the network layer. Second, a second top-down
cross-layer interaction allows the network layer, in turn, to express the same QoS exigencies to an EDCA-BASED MAC
layer.
5.4 Hop-based priority
Multimedia streaming services require sufficient bandwidth and delay variation to achieve the good Quality of Service
(QoS). Previous ad-hoc networks could not satisfy these requirements since 802.11 requires an ad-hoc wireless network with
802.11 to have a contention between the previous and next hops. This leads to delay fluctuation and additional back-off time
due to collision. These, in turn, decrease the network bandwidth. The Hop-based priority (HBP) technique using 802.11e is
used for minimizing the contention between hops. A previous packet contends with a next packet or a later sent packet when
the packets try to transmit to a destination through a route. The previous packet and the next packet have the same priority
and contend with each other by a fair condition. It brings the probability of the gain of each packet in the channel to 50%.
The effect that the next packet cannot get the channel by contention with the previous packet is small. If the next packet wins
the previous packet and transmits one more hop, it cannot transmit more hops until the previous packet transmits. In other
words, winning of the previous packet from the next packet causes the delay to decrease and the bandwidth to increase.
Therefore, the previous packet has a higher priority than the next packet every time. Hence, HBP technique is used to avoid
the contention between the previous and the next packets. In other techniques, every packet has a fixed priority, and the
previous packet and the next packet contend with each other. In HBP, each packet increases the priority after every hop and
minimizes the contention between the packets.
5.5 Comparison
The performance of the proposed Hop-based priority technique using 802.11e is measured by the throughput and delay. The
throughput comparison is made based on the delay variation between various IEEE 802.11 standard with 802.11e standard.
First the analysis of delay in 802.11 WLAN is made. The delay in 1-hop transmission is denoted as
Ttrans = Tbas + Tcont + Tcol (3.1)
Ttrans denotes the time of 1-hop transmission. Tbas is the basic transmission time. Tcont and Tcol are the additional delay caused
by the loosening from contention and collision. Tbas is the total sum of the DCF interframe space (T difs), random backoff
(Tran), transmission data (Tdata), short interframe space (Tsifs) and transmission acknowledgement (Tack) time.
Tbas = Tdifs + Tran + Tdata + Tsifs + Tack (3.2)
Tran is based on the size of the contention windows (CWs) and can be calculated.
Tran = (CWmax + CWmin)*slot_time/2 (3.3)
Tconst has a probability related to the loosening for contention (Ploose)
Tconst = Ploose * ( Tdifs + Tdata + Tsifs + Tack) (3.4)
When a collision occurs, 802.11 operates the random backoff and attempts to transmit the data.
The total delay can be calculated by Ttran * (number of hops). In 802.11e with HBP, the total delay has to be calculated
because the priority changes at every hop.
VII. PROPOSED WORK
In the previous work, HBP technique is used in wireless multi-hop networks to avoid the contention between the packets.
802.11e EDCF supports eight priorities, which implies that HBP technique has a limit of eight hops. We propose a Wireless
Mesh Networks (WMN) using HBP technique which has a number of features that distinguish from wireless multi-hop
networks. First, the positions of nodes of a WMN are relatively fixed it means any change of position is limited within
certain range. The implication of this is that routing paths can be created that are likely to be stable. This reduces the need for
routing packet overhead. Second, unlike pure ad-hoc networks, where the traffic flows between arbitrary pairs of nodes, in
WMN, all traffic is either to or from a designated gateway, which connects the wireless mesh network to the Internet. The
relevance of this point is that the traffic may be split over multiple gateways, so as to reduce the load within any given
portion of the network. Third, the nodes will typically have access to a power source, and so power consumption is not a
critical issue.
Packet delay is caused by various reasons, including collision resolution during packet forwarding, packet buffering, and
different scheduling algorithms [13]. However, the most critical cause is packet delay in WMN is path length. Under the
same traffic intensity, a smaller number of hops would lead to less packet delay. For two nodes, S (xS, yS) and D (xD, yD), in a
grid network, their shortest distance is given in equation,
d = | xS – xD | + | yS – yD | ……........(1)
To minimize the packet delay, the shortest path is used. However, this must be done in the context of minimizing collisions,
since highly-contended paths that are shortest are not necessarily ideal. In Label switching protocol (LSP) each packet is
associated with labels. Each packet is associated with the labels. It reduces the complexity of network operation.LSP always
select the shortest path. Label switching protocol is used in MPLS (Multiprotocol label switching).
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5.1 Wireless mesh network
Wireless mesh networks have the potential to play a critical role as an alternative technology for last-mile broadband internet
access.The positions of different nodes of a WMN are relatively fixed.It can be viewed as a special case of wireless
multihop Adhoc networks, in which each node operates both as a host and as a router.
Wireless mesh networks are as with pure Adhoc networks easy to install.The setup cost for internet service providers is
only gateway installation and configuration.
The most commonly used topology for wireless mesh network is a grid layout of buildings.Since each node would
communicate with the gateway.In that mesh network label switching protocol is used to find the shortest path.
5.2 Label switching protocol
In Label switching protocol(LSP) each packet is associated with labels.Each packet is associated with the labels.It reduces
the complexity of network operation.LSP always select the shortest path.Label switching protocol is used in
MPLS(Multiprotocol label switching).
The label switching protocol(LSP) is used in the Multi protocol label switching(MPLS).It provides a foundation that
supports the deployment of advanced routing services because it solves a number of complex problems:
It addresses the scalability issues associated with the currently deployed IP over ATM overlay model.
It reduces the complexity of the network operation.
It facilitates the delivery of new routing capabilities that enhance conventional IP routing techniques.
It also offers a standards based solution that promotes multivendor interoperability.
VIII. RESULTS AND IMPLEMENTATION
To validate our analysis, we have to implement the Hop-Based Priority (HBP) technique in 802.11e for wireless mesh
network (WMN) in a simulator and by performing a series of simulation based experiments to test its effectiveness.
Glomosim simulator is used for the simulation purpose and the simulation parameters are,
Simulation parameters
Simulation time 15M
Number of nodes 25
Node placement Grid
MAC protocol 802.11
Routing protocol AODV
We have compared the throughput of 802.11 alone the data sending rate from 800 Kbps to 1500 Kbps range. With these we
are going to add HBP technique and compare the results with the current 802.11e, same as we have compared the delay of
802.11 with adding HBP technique and compare the results with current 802.11e.Then the delay and throughput comparison
is made. Under the consideration for the transmission of multimedia data, the Hop-Based Priority (HBP) technique has to be
implemented in 802.11e.
Table 2 Comparision table forThroughput values
DATA IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.11E IEEE 802.11E
SENDING VALUES VALUES WITH MESH
RATE NETWORK
800 950 950 960
900 1089 972 1102
1000 1198 1024 1223
1100 1238 1031 1298
1200 1342 1045 1395
1300 1457 1052 1564
1400 1476 1064 1599
1500 1498 1071 1612
Table 3 Comparision table for Delay values
DATA IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.11E IEEE 802.11E
SENDING VALUES VALUES WITH MESH
RATE NETWORK
800 0 0 0
900 0.05 0.001 0.003
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1000 0.07 0.02 0.016
1100 0.04 0.018 0.03
1200 0.035 0.015 0.03
1300 0.032 0.014 0.03
1400 0.039 0.014 0.029
1500 0.034 0.015 0.0275
7.1 Simulation Results
In the first module the creation of the nodes is done. The simulation time required to create wireless environment is 15M.
The following two parameters (800,800) required to stand for the physical terrain in which the nodes are being simulated.
The numbers of nodes being simulated are 10. The packets are transmitted from the source node (5,7) to the destination (1,3)
respectively in which normal transmission of packets takes place. Since the video packet is also considered as the ordinary
data packet, the transmission of the video packet takes more time which increases the delay so the throughput decreases.
7.1.1. Screenshots
Figure 7.1.1 Compilation steps
Figure 7.1.1 shows compilation for all layers like physical layer,data link layer,network layer,radio layer.
Figure 7.1.2 Glomosim Visualization
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Figure 7.1.2 shows the glomosim visualization tool. Global Mobile Information System Simulator (GloMoSim) is a scalable
simulation environment for large wireless and wire line communication networks. GloMoSim uses a parallel discrete-event
simulation capability provided by Parsec. GloMoSim simulates networks with up to thousand nodes linked by a
heterogeneous communications capability that includes multicast, asymmetric communications using direct satellite
broadcasts, multi-hop wireless communications using ad-hoc networking, and traditional Internet protocols.
Figure 7.1.3 Transmission of Packets
Figure 7.1.3 shows the transmission of packets.Here the packets are transmitted from the source node (5,7) to the destination
(1,3) respectively in which normal transmission of packets takes place.
Figure 7.1.4 Glomo.stat file view
Figure 7.1.4 shows the GLOMO.STAT file is produced at the end of the simulation and contains all the statistics generated.
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Figure 7.1.5 Viewing the stat file in visualization tool
Figure 7.1.5 shows the stat file in visualization tool for viewing the throughput and delay values of each packets.
IX. Output of throughput and delay
Comparing the throughput and delay values of 802.11(WLAN), 802.11e with HBP, HBP with mesh network. Here
the HBP with mesh network throughput is high compare to the other throughputs.But the HBP with mesh network delay is
constant(low) compare to the others delays.
Figure 6 Throughput comparision
Figure 6 shows the throughput waveform of wireless network,x-axis shows the data sending rate in kilo bits per
second(kbps),y-axis shows the throughput values IEEE 802.11,IEEE 802.11E with HBP technique and IEEE 802.11E with
HBP mesh network,in kilo bits per second(kbps).
Figure 7 Delay comparision
Figure 7 shows the throughput waveform of wireless network,x-axis shows the data sending rate in kilo bits per
second(kbps),y-axis shows the delay values of IEEE 802.11,IEEE 802.11E with HBP technique andIEEE 802.11E with
HBP mesh network,in seconds(sec).
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VIII. CONCLUSION
The usage of multimedia streaming in the wireless network is an open problem and deserves more research work. In this
paper, we have analyzed the usage of multimedia streaming data packets in 802.11e using wireless mesh networks and
presented the objectives that need to be achieved. Here we have shown that it is easy for the transmission of multimedia
packets using hop-based priority technique in adhoc mesh networks so that the contention between the transmissions of
packets is reduced with the improvement in the throughput. Which in turn increases the channel usage for the various other
data transmission for the improvement in the Quality of Service (QoS). Since security is the main challenging issue, that has
to be implemented in future.
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Authors
1. Revathi.V received the BE degree in electronics& communication engineering from V.S.B Engineering collegefrom
Anna University, Chennai in 2010. Currently, she is a ME student in SNS college of technology under Anna University,
Coimbatore, India. Her research interests are in Wireless networks and wireless communication.
2. Prof.S.Vanitha received the BE. Degree in electronics and communication engineering from the Government college of
Engineering under Anna University,Chennai.She received the ME. Degree in communication
systems from Kumaraguru college of technology,under Anna University,Coimbatore.Currently, She is a Assistant professor
at SNS College of Technology, Coimbatore, India. Her research interest includes Wireless technologies and digital image
processing.
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