Wireless LAN Design and Deployment of Rich Media Networks

WLAN Design and
Deployment of
Rich Media Networks
BRKEWN-2000
Larry Ross
Technical Marketing Engineer

BRKEWN-2000 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 1

Agenda

Wi-Fi Channel Bandwidth Management for
Multiple Application Types AP3500
Configure for Capacity – Voice & Video
Bandwidth for Call Admission Control

Configure for best Channel Utilization – Data
Rates, Legacy Beam Forming & Band Select

802.11 Channel Design for VDI

Bringing 802.11n Enhancements together
for a better Data, Voice, and Video WLAN

WLAN QoS for Voice & Video


Wi-Fi Channel Bandwidth
Management for
Multiple Application Types


Cisco Media Ready Wireless LAN
802.11n

BandSelect &
Bandwidth
LoadBalancing

Cisco
Media
Ready
VideoStream WLAN End-to-End QoS

ClientLink Call Admission
Control
Scale Quality
Spectrum
Analysis


Three 5 Pound Bags

1 6 11

Throughput
Data Rates
1997 about
1 & 2 Mbps
0.8 Mbps
If your 5 pound bag is full of 2Mbps traffic how are you going to fit in 300 Mbps

The Radio Frequency Protocols in Those Three
2.4GHz Bags From Just Your Smart Phone
Train Wreck Waiting to Happen

•4 different Wi-Fi protocols
802.11, 802.11b, 802.11g, and 802.11n
•3 different technologies
802.11 Wi-Fi , Wi-Fi Direct, and Bluetooth(BT)
•3 different BT protocols and soon to be 4
1.2, 2.0 plus EDR, 3.0 plus HS, and 4.0

• BT specification information is in the addendum


Continued
Train Wreck Waiting to Happen

•Doing 3 different basic applications:
• Voice, Video, and Data from the same
device
•How many different communication protocols
are used in each of those applications?
•How many of those applications are a direct
port from Ethernet which does not have
roaming?
•When layer 2 changes, is the application still
going to work?

The Wreck Is Here


Bluetooth Client Device Radios
• Do you consider what your Bluetooth radios will
do to the performance of the Wi-Fi radio of the
colleague two cubes away from you?
• The manufacturers and the specifications claim
co-existence:
•That is between that client‟s Wi-Fi radio and it‟s BT radio and the
paired BT radio. Examples are BT headset, mouse and keyboard.
•What happens during pairing?
•What happens to the bandwidth of your neighbors?
•What happens with BT 3.0?
• You build a secure WLAN and then put all near data over
an insecure BT PERSONAL AREA NETWORK (PAN)

BLUETOOTH PAIRING MODE


Bluetooth Continued
• When using a headset, the Wi-Fi voice packets will be replicated by
the BT radio at much slower BT data rates on the 2.4GHz channels
used by Wi-Fi.
• In multichannel 2.4GHz Wlan, that means those slow BT packets will
affect all Wi-Fi channels.
• A BT chipset may be built for the 3.0 specification, but the BT driver
may be using a earlier device code.
• The previous slide shows early BT specification behavior.


Bandwidth Management
With “Video Calling”: Now More Important Than Ever

Recommendations:
• 11n Packet Aggregation Configuration for Dense Video/Voice
• Manage out all possible interferers
• Manage out all possible low data rates
• Use MIMO antenna technology to its fullest extent
• Use Legacy Client Link and Future 802.11n Client Link
• Use Band Select
• Use Call Admission Control
• Use Multicast Direct
• Enable Windows XP and Windows 7 QoS


One Cius with Three Different Application
Packet Types
This was Captured from the AP CLI -> Show Cont D1
• 3 Wi-Fi Media Access Categories used Simultaneously on One
WLAN SSID by the Cius
• The WLAN is Configured for Voice
The Voice AC Sent 30413 G722 Codec Packets
The Video AC Sent 18647 Dynamic RTP Packets
The Best Effort AC Sent 1220 ICMP Ping Reply Packets


Recommended Enterprise
A-MPDU and A-MSDU Settings
The Current Default Settings are not
Optimal for Densely Deployed WLANs


Recommended MPDU & MSDU Settings
The 7.0.116.0 Default A-MPDU and A-MSDU
Default Recommended
• A-MPDU • A-MPDU
User Priority 0, 4, 5 = Enabled User Priority 0, 3, 4, 5 =
Enabled
User Priority 1, 2, 3, 6, 7 =
Disabled User Priority 1, 2, 6, 7 =
Disabled

• A-MSDU
• A-MSDU
User Priority 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 =
Enabled User Priority 1, 2 = Enabled
User Priority 6, 7 = Disabled User Priority 0, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 =
Disabled

Check for Recommended Changes in each Code Release

A-MPDU & A-MSDU WLC Configuration
• 11n Packet Aggregation Configuration for Dense Video/Voice

• Recommended for WLAN Network with a dense Deployment
of Video Call Capable Wi-Fi Phones
Including: Skype, Face Time, Cisco Cius & Social Media

 These configurations are on the CLI only:
• Enable A-MPDU on UP 4,5

• Disable A-MSDU on 4,5,6 priorities.
• Syntax -> config 802.11a 11nsupport a-mpdu tx priority <0-7> enable/disable
• Examples ->
config 802.11a 11nsupport a-mpdu tx priority 5 enable
config 802.11a 11nsupport a-msdu tx priority 4 disable


2.4GHz Cius 720p Video Call to Cius Video
Call without CLI Changes

30%
Packet
Loss


2.4GHz 720p Video Call RTP Analysis
• Top half of Wireshark Screen Shoot


2.4GHz 720p Video Call RTP Analysis (Continued)
• Wireshark computes a 108% Packet Loss in this stream.


Video Call After A-MSDU and A-MPDU Changes


Configure for Capacity – Voice
& Video Bandwidth for Call
Admission Control


Xoom, iPad, Galaxy Tab, Droid Charge, Cius
& iPhone
Different Devices with Different Levels of Wi-Fi and QoS support

So, they Don’t ALL Behave the Same on Your Enterprise Network!

Thomas Edison’s Telephonescope


However They Can Share the Same WLAN
Find the Common Ground

• Create the WLAN for both 2.4GHz and 5GHz Wi-Fi Bands
• Let the Device find the Best Band and Enable Cisco Band Select to
Encourage the other devices to use 5GHz
• Use a Security Type that is Common to All

• Don‟t Expect
• Them to Roam the Same on Channel Changes
• Roaming Ultimately is Done at the Client Wi-Fi Driver Level

• QoS Markings for Similar Applications Maybe Different at the Wi-Fi
• Battery Saving Sleep Modes Will Differ

• Best Practice for Smart Phones is Routinely Check for
Firmware Updates
• Apple Added Voice and Video 802.11e QoS in 4.3

• Wi-Fi Radio Power and Antenna Differ
Note: The Above is also True of Laptops

802.11e CAC for Video Calls
TSPEC CAC and SIP CAC Share the Same Bandwidth Reservation.
Video has a BW Reservation


Configure for best Channel
Utilization – Data Rates, Legacy
Beam Forming & Band Select


Data Rates vs. Channel Utilization

• Do you need 1997?
• Do you need CAT3? 10GigCat6 Ethernet Cable?
• Do you plug 10Mbps Ethernet NICs into 1 GIG switch ports?
• Do you need 1997?
That is the first year of Wi-Fi. 1 & 2Mbps

• 1999 is 802.11b Wi-Fi and 5.5 & 11Mbps

Is it time to re-cycle your
WLAN Bandwidth?


The Data Rate Influence on CAC Bandwidth
• The denser the deployment of APs,
the higher the first required data rate Tuned 802.11b/g Data Rates:
(recommendation from Cisco)

• If the AP deployment is not dense,
the lower data rates may be
necessary to provide coverage

• With the G.711 codec and the
overhead of the 802.11 protocol, the
cell throughput does not increase at
data rates above 24Mbps


Site Planning – Based on Application

• Data
• Rate & Range ABG

• Voice ABG

• Rate & User Density
• Video
ABG
• Rate & User Density ABG

• VDI
• Rate & Range


802.11 Channel Design for VDI


What Is a Well Designed Coverage Plan?

• Does 792x Work Well?
• What is Current Channel Overlap?
• What is the Current Range?
• What are the Current Data Rates?
• Are the Cells Built on -67dBm Edge?
• What is the Wi-Fi Channel Utilization CU%? -
Throughput Does Not Increase once the CU
Reaches 33%.


Ideal Environment for 802.11b/g/a/n Phone Clients
the Cell Edge Recommendation Is -67dBm.
• A typical deployment showing a 10–15% overlap from each of the adjoining
cells. Provides almost complete redundancy throughout the cell.
• With 5GHz there are enough channels available there should be no need to
have a co-channel design, but this would the recommendation for dense 5GHz
deployments and for all 2.4GHz deployments
• The same design principle applies for deployments using 802.11n APs.

The RADIUS
The separation of
of the cell
same channel cells
should be:
should be: 19 dB
–67 dBm

Channel 1 Channel 36

Channel 6 or Channel 44
-67dBm -86dBm
Channel 11 Channel 149

This example shows just 3 of the 5GHz 11a or bounded 11n channels.

How to Measure and What to Measure 1 of 3

• The process is the same for 11b/g, 11a, 11n 20Mhz or
40Mhz wide.
• More and more, the Design is about High Density
Capacity.
• How users and how calls are going to be needed in a
certain coverage area.
• Call Capacity Max is 26 Audio Calls per Wi-Fi Channel.
• Co-Channel Interference, non-Wi-Fi Interference,
Data, Video and CAC Configurations are going to
reduce the MAX number of Calls



• Capacity by Coverage Area becomes a DATA RATE
and TRANSMIT POWER Configuration Issue.
• Faster Data Rates = Smaller Cells
• Lower Transmit Powers = Smaller Cells
• Loss the Slow Data Rates and High TX Powers then the
Cells will be Smaller.
• Smaller Cells = More Cells = More Calls in a Coverage
Area



• TEST
Set to “Disabled” all data rates except the estimated best fit data
rate
Use the Actual Clients that the User is going to use
Do Live Calls with those Clients
Check the RSSI Reading Off the AP
Find the -67 dBm range by slowly moving away from the AP
Now select a client radio to be the survey benchmark radio

• Disable the Slow Data Rates and abandon High TX Powers -> the
Cells will be Smaller
• Smaller Cells = More Cells = More Calls in a Coverage Area


Measure the -67dBm Cell Size to the
Clients
• Pick Your Most Used Client
or The Client That Your
WLAN Network was
Designed Around.
• Find an Area in Your Facility
Where That Device‟s Uplink
is at -67dBm.
• Move Your New Clients to
that Area.
• Then Measure the Uplink
dBm Value of Those Clients.


Measure the Uplink at -67dBm on the AP


SSID Planning Client/Application Types

• Divide by application
• Hardwired client capabilities
• QoS capabilities
• Coverage requirements
• Capacity requirements
• How many SSIDs?


VXI -

Cisco Virtualization
Experience
Infrastructure


Desktop Virtualization:
Nomenclature

Desktop Virtualization  End-to-End
Suite of Technologies
 Desktop Streaming Architecture
 Application Virtualization
 Supporting
 Terminal Services
Rich Media
VDI /UC Cisco
Virtual Desktop  Enhanced VXI
Infrastructure
Security
Industry Terms for VDI:
 Gartner: “Hosted Virtual
 Application
Desktop” Acceleration
 IDC: “Centralized Virtual
Desktop”  POE /
Energy Wise


Cisco’s Vision for VXI
“Deliver a superior collaboration and rich media user experience
with best in class ROI in a fully integrated, open and validated
desktop virtualization solution”

Media Rich
Experience
Data Center /
Virtualization

VXI Virtual
Security
Workspace

Borderless Collaboration TCO / ROI
Networks

Integrated System

Cius – A VXI Client Device
• Cius unit requires call control support from
CUCM 8.5.
• 802.11a/b/g/n Wi-Fi for On/Off Campus
Mobility
 Single Stream

• Seamless transition wired to wireless
• Battery – 8 hours (normal usage)
• Docking stations at desk
• Future: 3G/4G data services


Bringing 802.11n Enhancements
Together for a Better Data, Voice,
and Video WLAN


MIMO – MIMO – MIMO
Access Points
• AP3500 – 802.11n with separate Spectrum Intelligence radios
• AP3500i – Internal MIMO Antennas
• AP3500e – External MIMO Antenna support
• http://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collateral/wireless/ps5678/ps10981/data_sheet_c78-594630.html

• CleanAir Technology
• Simplify wireless operations with:
• Automatic interference mitigation for better reliability and performance
• Remote troubleshooting for fast problem resolution and less downtime
• Robust security with non-Wi-Fi detection for off-channel rogues
• Policy enforcement with customizable alerts to prohibit devices that interfere with the network
• http://www.cisco.com/en/US/solutions/collateral/ns340/ns394/ns348/ns1070/aag_c22-594304.pdf

• AP1260 – 802.11n External MIMO Antenna support
• Same as the AP3500e but without Spectrum Intelligence radio
• http://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collateral/wireless/ps5678/ps10980/data_sheet_c78-593663.html

• The AP3500s and AP1260 have the same housing and PoE
requirements as the AP1140

WLAN – Advanced Settings

• For VoIP Snooping and VoIP Reporting enable this option.

Access Points -> Radio -> 802.11a/n -> Detail
The Statistics Provide WLAN Performance Info – 1 of 3


Profile Information on Noise and Channel Load – 2 of 3


Profile Information on Noise and Channel Load – 3 of 3


Access Points -> Radio -> 802.11b/g/n -> Detail
CleanAir Info From the Access Point – 1 of 2


Access Points -> Radio -> 802.11b/g/n -> Detail

CleanAir Info From the Access Point – 2 of 2


WLAN QoS for Voice & Video


Wi-Fi 802.11e CAC & SIP CAC
SIP Based QoS (WLC code stream 6.0)
• Intercept and snoop SIP traffic (AP: Upstream, WLC: downstream) to determine
voice session and set QoS
• RFC 3261 compliant client

SIP Based CAC (WLC code stream 7.0)
Adding to the SIP Based QoS of Release 6
• Enable the network to roam voice session between APs based on available
bandwidth
• Feature is applicable to SIP phone w/o TSPEC.
• Bandwidth parameters are configured manually on per session bases

The WLC has 1 Media Time Parameter
The Wi-Fi has 1 Channel Utilization Value for the AP‟s Radio


A Trace of the Beacon for the AP Shows MT
Channel Utilization & Available Admission Capacity


Cius WLAN Voice & Video Packet Count

5.3%
256-511
29.0% 10.0%
128-255 2048-2346

4.3%
1024-2048

50.9%
512-1023

Percentage wise, by packet count, the Voice and Video are fairly similar.
But the Video packets are nearly 4 times bigger. Therefore taking up
substantially more bandwidth, if assigned the same QoS as Voice packets.

Cius WLAN Voice & Video Byte Count

Percentage wise, by packet size, the Voice used 20% of the bytes and
Video used 77.7% of the bytes, taking up substantially more bandwidth.
The Video packets of the 9971‟s ranged from 110 to 939 bytes.

Eleven Cius Videos on One 5GHz Channel


Cius Decode
• Client Voice packet
has a 802.11 UP = 6

• Client Video packet
has a 802.11 UP = 5


IP Communicator
in SIP Mode &
Without Windows
QoS Enabled

• Client Voice packet
has a 802.11 UP = 0
with a DSCP = EF

• Client Video packet
has a 802.11 UP = 0
with a DSCP = AF


AP
Forwarded
Voice
Decode
• Forwarded Client
Voice packet has
a 802.11 UP = 6
and maintains
DSCP = EF


AP
Forwarded
Video
Decode
• Forwarded
Client Video
packet has a
802.11 UP = 0
and maintains
DSCP = AF

• The Video is
not given the
802.11
upgrade
because the
WLAN is
„Voice‟.

Key Takeaways
• Smart Phones capabilities are changing rapidly. Regularly review
what devices in your environment and their Wi-Fi and BT behaviors
are.
• 802.11n Packet Aggregation configuration recommendations are likely
to change in the next couple code releases. Check the release notes
for possible updates on configurations.
• BT and Wi-Fi Direct do share the same frequencies as Wi-Fi and will
consume channel bandwidth. Claims that they are not is untrue.
• MIMO Antennas and Beam Forming are your friends.


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On Hook

Thank you.

Skinny Client Control Protocol
Data Length: 4
Reserved: 0x00000000
Message ID: 0x00000007
On Hook Message

Addendum


Proof That We Had a SIP Marked UP a
SIP Media Packet Between the AP and
the WLAN Infrastructure.


Show 802.11a AP Radio Information
Via AP Console ( Serial or Telnet)
• User Access Verification

• Username: cisco
• Password:

• AP0022.90e3.373c>en
• Password:
• AP0022.90e3.373c# show controller d1

• interface Dot11Radio1
• Radio AIR-AP1140A, Base Address 0021.1bfc.4280, BBlock version 0.00, Software version 2.10.3
• Serial number: FHH123000CW
• Number of supported simultaneous BSSID on Dot11Radio1: 16
• Carrier Set: Americas (OFDM) (US) (-A)
• Uniform Spreading Required: Yes
• Configured Frequency: 5745 MHz Channel 149


Continuing ‘show cont d1’ From the AP
• QBSS Load: 0x6, Policing Stats: Rx downgrades 112, Tx downgrades 0
• Classifier Stats tx_on_up6 0, tx_on_up4 2211
• Configured Local Access Class Parameters
• Back : cw-min 4 cw-max 10 fixed-slot 7 admission-cont
• Best : cw-min 4 cw-max 10 fixed-slot 3 admission-control Off txop 0
• Video : cw-min 3 cw-max 4 fixed-slot 2 admission-control Off txop 0
• Voice : cw-min 2 cw-max 3 fixed-slot 2 admission-control On txop 0
• SIP stats sip_udp_rx_pkt 1162, sip_tcp_rx_pkt 1049,
• downlink classified_pkt 38803,
• uplink classified_pkt 39408,
• num_processed_SIP_Calls 16

• Transmit queues: In Progress 0
• ---- Active --- In-Progress --------------- Counts --------------
• Cnt Quo Bas Max Cnt Quo Bas Sent Discard Fail Retry Multi
• Uplink 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
• Voice 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 73345 0 2 4470 1777
• Video 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 370 0 0 26 10
• Best 0 3 646 3 0 3 150 4941 0 0 67 34

SIP Information on the WLC Monitor Page

SIP VoIP Call Failure in This Case


WLC – Trap Logs
• These logs can be forwarded to syslog servers.


Tracing Voice QoS Marking with Snooping

• This is the original packet
from the PC client radio to
the AP.
• This is a voice packet
from a softphone
application.
• The 802.11 header and IP
header have QoS values
of „0‟
• RTP Sequence number is
x‟10B6‟.


The Client Packet Sequence Number

• This is the second have of the
packet from the PC client radio to
the AP.
• The original voice packet from the
softphone application has a RTP
sequence number of 4278 (hex
10B6).
• The 802.11 header and IP header
have QoS values of „0‟


The Client Packet Between the AP and WLC

• This is the same packet with a
CAPWAP wrapper.
• The packet is being forwarded by
the AP to the WLC.
• The original voice packet from the
softphone application has a RTP
sequence number of 4278 (hex
10B6).
• The CAPWAP header has voice
QoS.


IP Communicator 8.6 on Windows 7
with QoS Profile Enabled.
This was a HD 720p Video Call.


IP Communicator 8.6 on W7 with QoS

• HD Video – Call
• Voice G722 Packet
• DSCP = AF (41)
• 802.11e User Priority
(UP) = 4
• The Typical VoWLAN UP
Would Be 6


Same Call – This Is Next IP Comm
Packet

• Dynamic RTP Packet
• DSCP = AF (41)
• 802.11e UP = 4
• The Typical VoWLAN UP
Would Be 5
• This Keeps Both Packets
in the Same 802.11e
Access Category (AC),
and Therefore Serialized
Media Access


Bluetooth


Basic BT Spec Basics
Maximum Permitted Power Range
Class
mW dBm (approximate)
Class 1 100 20 ~100 meters
Class 2 2.5 4 ~10 meters
Class 3 1 0 ~1 meter

Version Data Rate Maximum Application Throughput
Version 1.2 1 Mbps 0.7 Mbit/s
Version 2.0 + EDR 2-3 Mbps 2.1 Mbit/s
(note: only with AMP, and depends on the
Version 3.0 + HS Perhaps 24 Mbit/s
AMP. BT itself remains 2.1 Mbit/s max)
(note: only with AMP, and depends on the
Version 4.0 Perhaps 24 Mbit/s
AMP. BT itself remains 2.1 Mbit/s max)

Alternative MAC and PHY (AMP) Implementation
Bluetooth - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

End of Addendum


Wireless LAN Design and Deployment of Rich Media Networks

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