An easy wat to remember respirtory examination findings pdf
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Respiratory conditions have distinct findings on examination including breath sounds, percussion notes, vocal resonance, chest wall movement, chest shape, and common x-ray appearances. For example, COPD/emphysema patients often have rhonchi, prolonged expiration, hyper resonant percussion, diminished chest wall movement, a barrel chest shape, and x-ray findings of hyperlucency and low flat diaphragms. Pleural effusions present with pleural friction rubs, stony dull percussion, egophony, decreased chest wall movement, and x-ray findings such as obliteration of the costophrenic angle. Pulmonary tuberculosis typically appears on x-ray as classical coin shaped lesions with speculated, irregular edges suggesting
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This document provides helpful information for nursing students at Johns Hopkins University, including two reference lists - the B.U.R.P.S list which breaks down medical terminology into roots, prefixes, and suffixes; and common medical acronyms in the "Talk Like a Nurse" section. The B.U.R.P.S list defines terms related to body parts, measurements, positions, and the body to help students understand terminology in their courses. The acronyms section lists abbreviations commonly used in healthcare to ease students' transition into clinical communication.
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Acne is a common skin condition that occurs when hair follicles become clogged with oil and dead skin cells. It typically manifests as pimples, blackheads, or whiteheads, often on the face, chest, shoulders, or back. Acne can range from mild to severe and may cause emotional distress and scarring in some cases.
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1. **Excess Oil Production:** Hormonal changes during adolescence or certain times in adulthood can increase sebum (oil) production, leading to clogged pores.
2. **Clogged Pores:** When dead skin cells and oil block hair follicles, bacteria (usually Propionibacterium acnes) can thrive, causing inflammation and acne lesions.
3. **Hormonal Factors:** Fluctuations in hormone levels, such as during puberty, menstrual cycles, pregnancy, or certain medical conditions, can contribute to acne.
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- **Blackheads:** Open plugged pores with a dark surface.
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- **Pustules:** Pimples with pus at their tips.
- **Nodules:** Large, solid, painful lumps beneath the surface.
- **Cysts:** Painful, pus-filled lumps beneath the surface that can cause scarring.
**Treatment:**
Treatment depends on the severity and type of acne but may include:
- **Topical Treatments:** Such as benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, or retinoids to reduce bacteria and unclog pores.
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- **Cleanse:** Regularly wash skin with a gentle cleanser.
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- **Avoid Irritants:** Such as harsh cosmetics or excessive scrubbing.
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An easy wat to remember respirtory examination findings pdf
- 1. Respiratory Examination Findings In Various Conditions Dr.Anjum Akhtar R Siddiqui(PT) Sr.lecturer, Cardio –Pulmonary Sciences Khyati Institute of Physiotherapy, Gujarat University Ahmedabad, Gujarat Respiratory Conditions Foreign Sound Breath Percussion Vocal Resonance Mediastinum (Tracheal Shift) Chest Wall Movement Chest Shape X Ray findings COPD/Emphsyema Rhonchi Prolonged Expiration Hyper Resonant Diminished Central Decreased Usually Bilateral Barrel Shaped Hyperlucency, Widened Intercostals Space, Low Flat Diaphragm, Bullae. Bronchectasis Course /Rales Vesicular Normal Normal Central Decreased/ Normal Normal Multiple Ring Shadow Or Tram Line, Honey Comb Appearance Bronchial Ashtma Expiratory Rhonchi Prolonged Expiration Normal Normal Central Accessory Muscle Acting Normal May Be Normal Pleural Effusion Pleural Friction Rub Absent Stony Dull Egophony PUSH Decreased Normal Obliteration Of CP Angle, Concave Upper Border, Homogenous Opacity, Shifting Of Trachea Empyema Absent Absent Stony Dull Egophony PUSH Decreased Bulging Edematous In Early Stage Same As Uncomplicated Pleural Effusion, Pnemothorax Absent Absent Hyper Resonance Absent PUSH Decreased Normal Hyper Translucency Between The Lungs And Thoracic Cage, Lung edges are not clear Hydropnemothorax Succession Splash Absent Shifting Dulness Absent PUSH Decreased Normal Obliteration Of CP Angle At Bases, Hyperlucency At Apical Portion, Total Collapse Absent Absent Dull Absent PULL Decreased Retraction Homogenous Opacity Of The Involved Area, Displacement Of Interlobular Fissure, Mediastinal Shift To The Affected Side Partial Collapse Rales Or Rhonchi Tubular Dull Increased PULL Decreased Normal Or Retraction Non Homogenous Opacity, Displacement Of Interlobular Fissure May Be Present Consolidation Rales Tubular Dull Increased Central Decreased Normal Acute Case, Air Bronchogram Is Visible, No Shrinking Of Lungs, Fibrosis Rales Diminished Impaired Diminished PULL Decreased Retraction Chronic Case, Diffuse Reticular Fibrotic Pattern, Shrinking Of Lungs, Compare With Previous X Rays, Cavity Rales Low Pitched Impaired Increased Central Or PULL Decreased Normal Or Retraction Ring Shadow, Look At The Center Of The Lesion And Than At Periphery, If The Center Is Darker Than Cavitations Pulmonary Tuberculosis Rales Low Pitched Impaired Increased Center Or PULL Decreased Normal Classical Coin Shaped Lesion, Look At The Edges – If Edges Is Speculated, Irregular It Suggested Of Malignancy