DYSPNOEA IS DEFINED AS THE UNDUE AWARENESS OF UNPLEASANT BREATHING.WHEN THERE IS AMIS MATCH BETWEEN THE AFFERENT VENTILATORY SIGNALS AND THE EFFERENT RESPIRATORY SIGNALS IN THE BRAIN WE MAY GET AN UNIGNORABLE FEELING FOR NEED OF MORE AND MORE OXYGEN.
This is a lecture by Dr. Stuart Bradin from the Ghana Emergency Medicine Collaborative. To download the editable version (in PPT), to access additional learning modules, or to learn more about the project, see http://openmi.ch/em-gemc. Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike-3.0 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/.
NEW BLOGSITE ADDRESS:
"Nurses Information Site"
http://nursesinfosite.blogspot.com
To evaluate apical impulse. To assess dilatation and dynamics of RV, aorta and pulmonary artery.
DYSPNOEA IS DEFINED AS THE UNDUE AWARENESS OF UNPLEASANT BREATHING.WHEN THERE IS AMIS MATCH BETWEEN THE AFFERENT VENTILATORY SIGNALS AND THE EFFERENT RESPIRATORY SIGNALS IN THE BRAIN WE MAY GET AN UNIGNORABLE FEELING FOR NEED OF MORE AND MORE OXYGEN.
This is a lecture by Dr. Stuart Bradin from the Ghana Emergency Medicine Collaborative. To download the editable version (in PPT), to access additional learning modules, or to learn more about the project, see http://openmi.ch/em-gemc. Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike-3.0 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/.
NEW BLOGSITE ADDRESS:
"Nurses Information Site"
http://nursesinfosite.blogspot.com
To evaluate apical impulse. To assess dilatation and dynamics of RV, aorta and pulmonary artery.
Introduction,Goals,Muscles of ventilation,Inspiration,Expiration ,Mechanics of ventilation,Lungs and pleurae,Lobes of lungs,Lung volumes and capacities,Total lung capacity,Analysis of chest shape,Barrel chest ,Pectus excavatum (funnel chest),Chest mobility,Palpation,Mediastinal shift,Auscultation of breath sounds,Normal Breath sound,Adventitious Breath sound.
Anatomy of the Thorax
b. Complaints
c. Inspection
d. Pathological forms of the chest
e. Breathing rate & types
f. Palpation of the chest
g. Percussion of chest
h. Auscultation of chest
7. d- Funnel chest(Pectus excavatum): - The lower part of the sternum is indented inward. It may compromise lung expansion. - In infants and children usually congenital anomaly. e- Pigeon-shaped chest: - The antero-posterior diameter is larger than the transverse. - The sternum is protruded forward. - Subcostal angle is acute. - The cross section of the chest in nearly. - Pigeon-shaped chest is seen in severe rickets. f- Rachitic chest may show the following: - Rachitic rosaries: enlargement of costochondral junctions. - Harrison sulcus: a horizontal groove at the costal insertion of the diaphram. - Longitudinal groove devlops lateral to rosaries. - Everted costal margin. - In severe cases: Pigeon shaped deformity. Inspection
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11. d. slow shallow breathing: Alkalosis and nacrotic overdosage. e.Prolonged expiratory phase: Obstructive respiratory problem as asthma. f. Ataxic breathing (Biot’s respiration): Unpredictable irregular, breaths may be shallow or deep and stop for short periods. Ti is caused by respiratory depression due to brain damage at the medullary level. Inspection
36. D. Transmitted sounds: - Sounds may be referred from the upper respiratory tract if a child has mucus in the nose or throat. - To determine id sounds are referred, place the diaphragm of the stethoscope near the child’s mouth. - Referred sounds are loudest near their origin. Auscultation
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