Amino Acid

1. Amino acid
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2. CONTENTS
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Introduction
Classification of amino acid
Physical properties of amino acids
Chemical properties of amino acids
 Medicinal properties of amino acids
Functions of amino acids

3. Introduction
 Amino acids are the molecules having one amino
group, one carboxyl group, one H-atom and one
specific group(R-group) attached to the central carbon
atom.
 The specific group i.e. R-group varies in the size,
structure, and electric charge.
R-group also influence the solubility of amino acid in
water.
Amino acids are also known as “Building blocks of
protein”.
The basic elements of amino acids are C,N,O,H
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4. Amino Acids 4

5. Amino acids are classified into three main
groups which are as follows:-
 Essential amino acids
 Non essential amino acids
 Conditional amino acids
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6.  Essential amino acids are those amino acids which
are not synthesised or made by the body.
It is supplied through our day to day diet.
 It is required for proper growth and maintenance of
individual.
 It includes Valine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine,
Lysine, Methionine, Threonine, Tryptophan, and
Phenylalanine.
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7. Str. Of Valine Str. Of Leucine
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8.  Non essential amino acids are those amino acid
which are synthesizes or produce by our body even
if we don't get it from our day to day diet.
 It includes Alanine, Arginine, Asparagine,
Aspartic acid, Cysteine, Glutamic acid, Glutamine,
Glycine, Proline, Serine and Tyrosine.
Str. Of Arginine-
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9. oConditional amino acid are that type of amino acid
which are not essential except in times of illness or
stress.
o It includes Arginine, Cysteine, Glutamine,
Tyrosine, Glycine, Ornithine, Proline, and Serine.
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Str. Of
Arginine-

10. •Solubility : Most of the amino acids are soluble in
water but insoluble in organic solvents.
•Melting point : Amino acids generally melt at high
temperature , often above 2000° c.
• Taste : Amino acids may be sweet(Glycine,
Alanine, Valine); tasteless (Arginine, Leucine);
Monosodium glutamate(MSG is used as flavoring
agent in food industry).
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11.  Decarboxylation: The amino acids will undergo
decarboxylation to form the corresponding “amines”.
Thus, amines are produced.
 Histidine Histamine + CO2
 Tyrosine Tyramine + CO2
 Lysine Cadaverine + CO2
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12. Amino acids contain both acidic group (-COOH) and
basic (-NH2 ) group.
They can donate or accept a proton and hence known
as Ampholytes.
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13. In strongly acidic pH amino acid is +vely
charged.
 In strongly alkaline pH amino acid is –vely
charged.
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14. Isoelectric pH may be defined as a pH at which a
molecule exist as a zwitter ion or dipolar ion and “carries
no net charge”
Molecule is electrically neutral at Isoelectric pH.
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15. Amino Acids 15

16. 1. Reactions due to amino group
2. Reactions due to carboxyl group
3. Reactions due to side chain
4. Reactions due to both amino and carboxyl groups
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17.  Transamination:- Transfer of an amino group
from an α keto acid to form a new amino acid and a
corresponding keto acid.
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18.  Decarboxylation:- Amino acids undergo α
decarboxylation to form corresponding amines. E.g.
Glutamic acid GABA
Histidine Histamine
Tyrosine Tyramine
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19. Reactions due to SH group (Formation of sulphide bond):-
 Cysteine has a sulfhydryl group (SH) this group can form a
disulphide (S-S) bond with another cysteine residue.
 The dimer formed is Cysteine.
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20. Formation of peptide bond- Carboxyl group of an
amino acid binds with amino group of another
amino acid forming a peptide bond with loss of one
molecule o water.
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21. Use for treatment of brain metabolism and
neurotransmission imbalances.
An important key for the applications of immune
function
 In treatment of liver diseases
 In fatigueness
 In Cancer prevention
.
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22.  In treatment of cardiovascular and gastrointestinal
health
 In treatment of burn, trauma, and sepsis
 In treatment of maple urine disease
 In treatment of diabetes
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23. 1. Provide the monomer units from which the long
polypeptide chain of propertied are
synthesized.(Condensation of two molecules of
amino acids from a peptide bond)
2. L – amino acids are their derivatives participate in
cellular functions as diverse as nerve transmission
and the biosynthesis of purines, pyrimidines,
poryphyrins and urea
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24. 3. Short polymers of amino acids called Polypeptide
perform prominent roles in the neuroendocrine
system as hormones, hormone-releasing factors,
neurotransmitters
4. Niacin, Serotonin and Melatonin are synthesized
from Tryptophan
5. Melanin, Thyroid hormone, Catecholamines are
synthesized from Tyrosine
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25. 6. GABA(Neurotransmitter) is synthesized from
Glutamic acid
7. Nitric oxide is a smooth muscle relaxant is
synthesized from Arginine
8. Amino acid acts as poryphyrins, purines, and
pyrimidines.
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26. Thank You
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